Ano5 mutation leads to bone dysfunction of gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia disturbing Akt signaling.

Background: Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by osteosclerosis of the tubular bones and cemento-osseous lesions of the mandibles. () is the pathogenic gene, however, the specific molecular mechanism of GDD remains unclear. Herein, a knockin ( ) mouse model expressing the human mutation p.

Clinically oriented automatic three-dimensional enamel segmentation via deep learning.

Background: Establishing accurate, reliable, and convenient methods for enamel segmentation and analysis is crucial for effectively planning endodontic, orthodontic, and restorative treatments, as well as exploring the evolutionary patterns of mammals. However, no mature, non-destructive method currently exists in clinical dentistry to quickly, accurately, and comprehensively assess the integrity and thickness of enamel chair-side. This study aims to develop a deep learning work, 2.

Analysis of a Series of 26 Cases With Prenatal Skeletal Dysplasia via Multiplatform Genetic Detection.

Background: Skeletal dysplasia (SD) represents a series of highly heterogeneous congenital genetic diseases affecting the human skeletal system. Refined genetic diagnosis is helpful for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of SDs.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we recruited 26 cases of SD and analyzed them with a designed sequential genetic detection.

Anesthetics change the oral microbial composition of children and increase the abundance of the genus .

Background: Oral microbiome homeostasis is important for children's health, and microbial community is affected by anesthetics. The application of anesthetics in children's oral therapy has become a relatively mature method. This study aims to investigate the effect of different anesthesia techniques on children's oral microbiota.

Multi-omics investigation of exacerbating acute kidney injury through the gut-kidney axis.

Unlabelled: Periodontitis is closely related to renal health, but the specific influence of (), a key pathogen in periodontitis, on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice has not been fully elucidated. In our study, AKI was induced in mice through ischemia-reperfusion injury while administering oral infection with . Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including 16S rRNA sequencing, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics, and transcriptome sequencing.

Change in p53 nuclear localization in response to extracellular matrix stiffness.

Chondrocytes are commonly applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Thus, the discovery of optimal culture conditions to obtain cells with good properties and behavior for transplantation is important. In addition to biochemical cues, physical and biomechanical changes can affect the proliferation and protein expression of chondrocytes.

Expert consensus on pulpotomy in the management of mature permanent teeth with pulpitis.

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.

Proximity of maxillary molar palatal roots to adjacent structures for endodontic microsurgery: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

Background: The surgical complexity associated with the palatal roots of maxillary molars was considerably elevated. Previous studies on the relationships between maxillary molar roots and the maxillary sinus or cortical plates have focused on individual root observation without considering the positional relationship between buccal and palatal roots or analysing the surgical pathway of maxillary molar palatal roots. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maxillary molar palatal roots and adjacent anatomical structures to provide a reference for performing palatal roots endodontic microsurgery.

LIPUS promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs and osseointegration of dental implants by regulating ITGA11 and focal adhesion pathway.

Background: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used as an effective noninvasive method for treating fractures and osteoarthrosis, but the application in the field of oral implantation is in its infancy. This study aimed to clarify the effect and mechanism of LIPUS on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and implant osseointegration, and to provide an experimental basis for future clinical applications.

Methods: Dental implants were inserted into Wistar rat femurs, and LIPUS was performed for 4 weeks.

Prevalence and root canal morphology of taurodontism analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in Northern China.

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of taurodontism in northern China by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and assisting the treatment.

Methods: The study involved CBCT scans of 8112 teeth from 507 participants of northern China, comprising 217 males and 290 females aged 18 to 60. Analysis was conducted using Shifman and Chanannel's criteria to assess the prevalence and attributes of taurodontism, examining differences based on tooth position (maxilla and mandible) as well as gender (P < 0.

Early effects of α7nAChR regulation on maxillary expansion in mice : A study on osteogenesis and inflammatory factors.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate early effects of regulating alpha‑7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonists and antagonists on maxillary expansion in mice.

Methods: We allocated 36 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice into three group: 1) expansion alone, 2) expansion plus the α7nAChR-specific agonist 3‑(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine dihydrochloride (GTS-21), and 3) expansion plus alpha-bungarotoxin (α-BTX), a competitive antagonist of α7nAChR. The groups were daily injected with saline, GTS-21 (4 mg/kg/day) or α‑BTX (1 mg/kg/day), respectively, from days 0-7.

Combination of inorganic nitrate and vitamin C prevents collagen-induced arthritis in rats by inhibiting pyroptosis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by synovial inflammation, cartilage damage, and bone loss. Although effective treatments are currently lacking, early interventions hold promise for alleviating RA symptoms. Inorganic nitrates and vitamin C (VC) are essential bioactive substances abundant in fruits and vegetables.

Liraglutide promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and CXCL9 release in vitro.

As a GLP-1 receptor agonist widely used in treating type 2 diabetes, liraglutide shows potential applications in bone tissue engineering. This study investigated liraglutide's direct effects on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation and its regulatory mechanism through macrophage polarization. Results showed that liraglutide significantly enhanced BMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation.

FAM96B negatively regulates FOSL1 to modulate the osteogenic differentiation and regeneration of periodontal ligament stem cells via ferroptosis.

Background: Periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC)-based therapy is one of the methods to assist bone regeneration. Understanding the functional regulation of PDLSCs and the mechanisms involved is a crucial issue in bone regeneration. This study aimed to explore the roles of the family with sequence similarity 96 member B (FAM96B) in the functional regulation of PDLSCs.

Pleiotrophin Prevents HO-Induced Senescence of Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Background: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are widely used in research on dental tissue regeneration and systemic disease treatment. However, the oxidative microenvironment often causes cellular senescence, leading to decreased function. Our previous study demonstrated that pleiotrophin (PTN), a secreted extracellular matrix-associated protein, could rescue the proliferative capacity and osteogenic differentiation of replicative senescent DPSCs.

Conditioned Medium Derived From Human Dental Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Macrophage Proinflammatory Responses Through MAPK-ERK-EGR1 Axis.

The regulation of macrophage polarization by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a prominent area of research but faces challenges due to limited MSC sources and incomplete understanding of underlying mechanisms. We sought to identify an accessible MSC source and investigate how MSCs regulate macrophage polarization using high-throughput sequencing. We isolated dental follicle MSCs from discarded human third molar dental follicles and cocultured them with THP-1-derived macrophages in the conditioned medium.

Dental resin for periodontal and tooth root regeneration via metformin to enhance osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells.

Objectives: This study developed a novel dental resin incorporating metformin to repair root caries and periodontitis defects. The objectives were to: (1) Develop a novel dental resin with metformin release to fulfill the clinical requirements for mechanical properties; and (2) investigate the metformin release pattern and the effects on osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).

Methods: Resin specimens with different concentrations of metformin were fabricated.

A blood glucose fluctuation-responsive delivery system promotes bone regeneration and the repair function of Smpd3-reprogrammed BMSC-derived exosomes.

Blood glucose fluctuation leads to poor bone defect repair in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Strategies to safely and efficiently improve the bone regeneration disorder caused by blood glucose fluctuation are still a challenge. Neutral sphingophospholipase 2 (Smpd3) is downregulated in jawbone-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from T2DM patients.

Effect of scalp nerve block on postcraniotomy analgesia in children: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: Effective postoperative pain management is critical for pediatric craniotomies. Scalp nerve block (SNB) interventions present a potential solution, yet their comparative benefits in preoperative and postoperative settings remain unclear. This study investigated the analgesic effects of SNB in pediatric craniotomy patients by comparing preoperative versus postoperative administration.

A novel splice site mutation in Chinese associated with cleidocranial dysplasia.

Pathogenic genes in most patients with cleidocranial dysplasia have been confirmed to be runt-related transcription factor 2 (), which controls mutations in specific osteoblast transcription factors and affects skull ossification and suture adhesion. This study aimed to explore the role of mutations. Here, we report a rare case of a splice site mutation in a Chinese population with typical cleidocranial dysplasia symptoms, cranial suture insufficiency, clavicle dysplasia, and dental anomalies.

A 3D dental model dataset with pre/post-orthodontic treatment for automatic tooth alignment.

Traditional orthodontic treatment relies on subjective estimations of orthodontists and iterative communication with technicians to achieve desired tooth alignments. This process is time-consuming, complex, and highly dependent on the orthodontist's experience. With the development of artificial intelligence, there's a growing interest in leveraging deep learning methods to achieve tooth alignment automatically.

CBCT analysis of mandibular position and bilateral symmetry in adult female patients with a deep overbite before and after flat bite plate treatment: a retrospective study.

Aim: To determine whether three-dimensional measurements can assess symmetry and mandibular position with greater accuracy than traditional two-dimensional measurements.

Methods: Mimics 19 software was used for three-dimensional measurements of 20 adult female patients' cone-beam computed tomography with deep overbite before and after flat bite plate treatment. Differences in mandible position and bilateral symmetry were assessed using the paired t test.

Dental pulp stem cell‑derived extracellular vesicles loaded with hydrogels promote osteogenesis in rats with alveolar bone defects.

Alveolar bone defects caused by inflammation, trauma and tumors adversely affect periodontal health, causing tooth loosening or dentition defects, thus affecting denture or implant repair. Advancements in tissue engineering technology and stem cell biology have significantly improved the regenerative reconstruction of alveolar bone defects. The multiple trophic activities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by mesenchymal stem cells play important roles in exerting their therapeutic effects.

Effects of overexpression via the NRF2 / HO1 / NQO1 pathway on oral cancer cells proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.

Objective: Herein, we explored the influences of overexpression on oral cancer cells proliferation, migration, and apoptosis via evaluation of its interactions with nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2).

Design: CAL-27 and DOK cells were transfected with a overexpressing lentivirus. Next, we utilized Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses to evaluate BRCA1, NRF2, and their target gene expressions.