Nicotine Treatment Ameliorates Blood-Brain Barrier Damage After Acute Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Endothelial Scaffolding Protein Pdlim5.

Analysis of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) trial shows that cigarette smoking protected tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-treated patients from hemorrhage transformation (HT); however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. Damage to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the pathological basis of HT. Here, we investigated the molecular events of BBB damage after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and in vivo mice middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models.

The NG2-glia is a potential target to maintain the integrity of neurovascular unit after acute ischemic stroke.

The neurovascular unit (NVU) plays a critical role in health and disease. In the current review, we discuss the critical role of a class of neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)-expressing glial cells (NG2-glia) in regulating NVU after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We first introduce the role of NG2-glia in the formation of NVU during development as well as aging-induced damage to NVU and accompanying NG2-glia change.

Vascular endothelial growth factor and risk of malignant brain tumor: A genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: The relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the risk of malignant brain tumors has always been a concern in the medical field. However, the causal inferences from published observational studies on this issue may be affected by confounders, coinheritability and reverse causality. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between VEGF and different types of malignant brain tumors.

Efficacy and safety of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in brain neoplasm patients undergoing neurosurgery: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Neurosurgeons often face this dilemma. Brain neoplasm patients undergoing neurosurgery are at a high risk of venous thrombosis. However, antithrombotic drugs may induce bleeding complications.

Genetic association and causal inference between lung function and venous thromboembolism.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that lower lung function is related to a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, causal inferences may be affected by confounders, coheritability or reverse causality. We aimed to explore the causal association between lung function and VTE.

Clinical management and survival outcomes of patients with different molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas in China (2011-2017): a multicenter retrospective study from CGGA.

Objective: We aimed to summarize the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic features of various molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas (DGs) in the Chinese population.

Methods: In total, 1,418 patients diagnosed with DG between 2011 and 2017 were classified into 5 molecular subtypes according to the 2016 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. The IDH mutation status was determined by immunohistochemistry and/or DNA sequencing, and 1p/19q codeletion was detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Vascular endothelial growth factor and the risk of venous thromboembolism: a genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has always been one of the concerns in the medical field. However, the causal inferences from published observational studies on this issue may be affected by confounders or reverse causality. We performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to infer the associations between VEGF and VTE.

Stroke incidence and cognitive outcomes of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study.

Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the leading causes of stroke worldwide. Current diagnostic evaluations and treatments remain insufficient to assess the vulnerability of intracranial plaques and reduce the recurrence of stroke in symptomatic ICAS. On the other hand, asymptomatic ICAS is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment.

Association of β-cell function and cognitive impairment in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism.

Background: Insulin has been demonstrated to play an important role in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease, especially in those with diabetes. β cells are important insulin-producing cells in human pancreas. This study aimed to investigate the association between β-cell dysfunction and cognitive impairment among patients over 40-year-old with abnormal glucose metabolism in Chinese rural communities.

EXpert consensus On Diaphragm UltraSonography in the critically ill (EXODUS): a Delphi consensus statement on the measurement of diaphragm ultrasound-derived parameters in a critical care setting.

Background: Diaphragm ultrasonography is rapidly evolving in both critical care and research. Nevertheless, methodologically robust guidelines on its methodology and acquiring expertise do not, or only partially, exist. Therefore, we set out to provide consensus-based statements towards a universal measurement protocol for diaphragm ultrasonography and establish key areas for research.

Identification of the Prognostic Signatures of Glioma With Different Status.

The high-grade glioma is characterized by cell heterogeneity, gene mutations, and poor prognosis. The deletions and mutations of the tumor suppressor gene (5%-40%) in glioma patients are associated with worse survival and therapeutic resistance. Characterization of unique prognosis molecular signatures by status in glioma is still unclear.

Investigation of the lipidomic changes in differentiated glioblastoma cells after drug treatment using MALDI-MS.

Lipids differences between tumor and normal tissue have been proved to be of diagnostic and therapeutic significance. The research of lipidomics in tumor is more and more important. Mass spectrometry like matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) can be more convenient and informative for lipids researching in biological and clinical researches.

Pathological identification of brain tumors based on the characteristics of molecular fragments generated by laser ablation combined with a spiking neural network.

Quick and accurate diagnosis helps shorten intraoperative waiting time and make a correct plan for the brain tumor resection. The common cryostat section method costs more than 10 minutes and the diagnostic accuracy depends on the sliced and frozen process and the experience of the pathologist. We propose the use of molecular fragment spectra (MFS) in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to identify different brain tumors.

Association Between Asymptomatic Vulnerable Carotid Plaques and Cognitive Impairment in Rural Adults.

The prevalence of cognitive impairment is growing and higher in rural areas. The association between carotid plaque and cognitive impairment remains uncertain, and few studies focused on the cognitive function of the rural population. We designed this study to investigate the association between carotid plaque and cognitive impairment in a rural community.

Association of diabetes status with cognitive impairment in two Chinese rural communities.

Background And Purpose: Diabetes may be one of the risk factors of cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes status and cognitive impairment among the middle-aged and elderly population (≥40 years) in Chinese rural communities.

Methods: A sample of 3392 participants aged 40 years or older from the China National Stroke Prevention Project (CSPP) between 2015 and 2017 were enrolled in this study.

Semiologic subgroups of insulo-opercular seizures based on connectional architecture atlas.

Objective: Insulo-opercular seizures are characterized by diverse semiology, related to the insula's multiple functional roles and extensive connectivity. We aimed to identify semiologic subgroups and correlate these with insulo-opercular subregions based on connectional architecture.

Methods: We retrospectively collected a large series of 37 patients with insulo-opercular seizures explored by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) from three epilepsy centers.

A novel DNA damage response signature of IDH-mutant grade II and grade III astrocytoma at transcriptional level.

Purpose: The WHO classification for IDH-mutant grade II and grade III astrocytoma may not be as prognostically meaningful as expected. We aimed to develop a novel classification system based on the DNA damage response signature.

Methods: We developed the gene signature of DNA damage response with 115 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Genomic landscapes by multiregion sequencing combined with circulation tumor DNA detection contribute to molecular diagnosis in glioblastomas.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain malignancy with a poor prognosis. Its high intratumor heterogeneity contributes to therapeutic resistance, tumor progression and recurrence. We sequenced 31 loci in 11 patients with glioblastoma (including one patient with samples available from the primary and recurrent tumors) to determine the genetic basis and intratumor heterogeneity of glioblastoma.

The impact of MEG results on surgical outcomes in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy associated with focal encephalomalacia: a single-center experience.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of magnetoencephalography (MEG) results on surgical outcomes in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy secondary to encephalomalacia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 121 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy associated with encephalomalacia who underwent MEG followed by resection surgery. Patients were subdivided into concordant MEG group and dis-concordant MEG group for analysis based on whether the MEG results were in concordance with epileptogenic zones or not.

Microsuturing Technique for the Treatment of Blood Blister Aneurysms: A Series of 7 Cases.

Background: A blood blister aneurysm (BBA) is an abnormal bulge at the nonbranching point of a vessel. However, the optimal treatment strategy for this formidable disorder remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and validity of using a direct microsurgical repair technique in BBAs.

Positive feedback loop of lncRNA HOXC-AS2/miR-876-5p/ZEB1 to regulate EMT in glioma.

Purpose: Growing evidence has valued the diagnostic and therapeutic ability of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various human tumors including glioma. Here, we investigated the biological function and potential mechanism of a novel cancer-related lncRNA, HOXC-AS2, in glioma.

Materials And Methods: The expression of lncHOXC-AS2 was detected using qRT-PCR in glioma cells and tissues.

Polypyrrole/polylactic acid nanofibrous scaffold cotransplanted with bone marrow stromal cells promotes the functional recovery of spinal cord injury in rats.

Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of polypyrrole/polylactic acid (PPy/PLA) nanofibrous scaffold cotransplanted with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in promoting the functional recovery in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 18/group): control group, PPy/PLA group, and PPy/PLA/BMSCs group. The SCI was induced in all rats.

PTEN overexpression promotes glioblastoma death through triggering mitochondrial division and inactivating the Akt pathway.

PTEN has been acknowledged as an anticancer factor in the progression of glioblastoma. Mitochondrial division has been found to be associated with cancer cell death. The aim of our study is to explore whether PTEN attenuates the development of glioblastoma by modulating mitochondrial division.