Mitigating Strain Localization via Stabilized Phase Boundaries for Strengthening Multi-Principal Element Alloys.

Multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) demonstrate exceptional stability during rapid solidification, making them ideal candidates for additive manufacturing and other high-design-flexibility techniques. Unexpectedly, MPEA failure often mimics that of conventional metals, with strain localization along phase or grain boundaries leading to typical crack initiation. Most strategies aim at reducing strain localization either suppress the formation of high-energy sites or dissipate energy at crack tips to enhance toughness, rarely achieving a synergy of both.

Comparison of the polluted dust plume and natural dust air mass in a spring dust event in Beijing 2023.

The occurrence of extreme weather events is becoming more frequent due to global climate change. A long-lasting dust outbreak in the spring of 2023 was triggered by Mongolia cyclones and cold fronts in the dust source areas. In this study, we illustrate the spatial distribution, the transport path of the dust and its influence on the air quality of downstream cities utilizing ground-based and space-borne measurements.

Influence of Prone Position on Regional Ventilation/Perfusion Matching in Patients With ARDS Over Time: A Prospective Physiological Study.

We sought to investigate the short- and long-term effects of prone positioning (PP) on ventilation/perfusion matching in patients with ARDS using contrast-enhanced electrical impedance tomography (EIT). EIT measurements were performed in 18 mechanically ventilated subjects with ARDS before PP (supine position [SP]), 1 h after turning subjects to PP (PP), 3 h after PP (PP), 9 h after (PP), 16 h after PP (PP; the end of PP), and 3 h after returning to the supine position (Re-SP). The / increased gradually during the PP period (110.

Controlled Anodic Decomposition Pathway of Supramolecular Lithium Borate for Rationally Tuned Interphase Chemistry.

The rational tailoring and molecular-level engineering of stable cathode-electrolyte interphases (CEIs) is paramount to advancing the performance of next-generation high-energy, layered nickel-rich oxide-based lithium metal batteries. However, developing well-tailored electrolyte additives with rationally controlled interfacial chemistry remains highly challenging. Here, two lithium borates: lithium (2-methoxy-15-crown-5)trifluoroborate (C-LiMCFB) and lithium (15-methoxy-2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxahexadecan)trifluoroborate (L-LiMCFB), incorporating cyclic 15-crown-5 (15C5) and linear pentaethylene glycol monomethyl ether (PEGME) as respective host groups tethered to the boron center are designed and synthesized.

A MEMS grating modulator with a tunable sinusoidal grating for large-scale extendable apertures.

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) grating modulators enable versatile beam steering functions through the electrostatic actuation of movable ribbons. These modulators operate at ultrahigh frequencies in the hundred kHz range, and their micromirror-free configuration simplifies the fabrication process and reduces costs compared to micromirror-based modulators. However, these modulators are limited in their optical efficiency and aperture.

Study on the Transverse Properties of T800-Grade Unidirectional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers.

This paper focuses on the transverse tensile and compressive mechanical properties of T800-grade unidirectional (UD) carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). Firstly, transverse tensile and compressive tests were conducted on UD composite laminates, yielding corresponding stress-strain curves. The results indicated that, for tension, the transverse tensile modulus, strength, and failure strain were 8.

Earthquake Forecasting Based on Value and Background Seismicity Rate in Yunnan Province, China.

Characterized by frequent earthquakes and a dense population, Yunnan Province, China, faces significant seismic hazards and is a hot place for earthquake forecasting research. In a previous study, we evaluated the performance of the value for 5-year seismic forecasting during 2000-2019 and made a forward prediction of M ≥ 5.0 earthquakes in 2020-2024.

Boosting Li Conductivity and Oxidation Stability of Solid Polymer Electrolytes Using a Sustainable Montmorillonite-Based Ion Conductor.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), have garnered significant attention due to their compatibility with commercial lithium-ion (Li) battery manufacturing, yet their application is limited by poor Li transport efficiency and low oxidation stability. We hypothesize that these challenges can be addressed by designing ion-conductors that interact with the terminal -OH groups of PEO chains. To verify this, we developed a sustainable ion-conductor (LSM) by intercalating lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and succinonitrile into the interlayer space of montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets.

[Ergonomic evaluation and effectiveness analysis of improvement measures in the assembly position of an automotive parts production company].

To evaluate the improvement effect of ergonomics in the assembly position of an automotive parts production company. From February to December 2023, the assembly positions and 8 operators of an automobile brake parts production company were selected as the research objects. The Swedish Ergonomic Hazard Identification Method and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used to identify and evaluate the adverse ergonomic factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in different parts of the body before and after the improvement.

Evaporation of Nanofluid Sessile Droplets Under Marangoni and Buoyancy Effects: Internal Convection and Instability.

Previous research has studied the evolution of patterns during the evaporation of sessile droplets of pure liquid, although there is a lack of reports focusing on the transition of flow regimes and flow stability of nanofluids. In this study, we investigate the evaporation of sessile droplets of AlO-ethanol nanofluid to elucidate the dynamic characteristics of the evaporation process from the perspective of internal convection. As the temperature increases, internal convection intensifies, significantly accelerating the evaporation rate.

Fast reconstruction and optical-sectioning three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy.

Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3DSIM) is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution. However, its time-consuming reconstruction process poses challenges for high-throughput imaging and real-time observation. Moreover, traditional 3DSIM typically requires more than six layers for successful reconstruction and is susceptible to defocused backgrounds.

Thiophene Sulfone Single Crystal as a Reversible Thermoelastic Linear Actuator with an Extended Stroke and Second-Harmonic Generation Switching.

Dynamic organic crystals are becoming recognized as some of the fastest materials for converting light or heat to mechanical work. The degree of deformation and the response time of any actuating material are often exclusive of each other; however, both factors influence the material's overall performance limits. Unlike polymers, whose disordered structures are not conducive to rapid energy transfer, cooperative phase transitions in dynamic molecular crystals that are amenable to rapid and concerted martensitic-like structure switching could help circumvent that limitation.

High-Fidelity Computational Microscopy via Feature-Domain Phase Retrieval.

Computational microscopy enhances the space-bandwidth product and corrects aberrations for high-fidelity imaging by reconstructing complex optical wavefronts. Phase retrieval, a core technique in computational microscopy, faces challenges maintaining consistency between physical and real-world imaging formation, as physical models idealize real phenomena. The discrepancy between ideal and actual imaging formation limits the application of computational microscopy especially in non-ideal situations.

Effects of NO in oxidant and initial temperature on working characteristics of MON-X/MMH liquid space thruster.

With the progress of deep space exploration activities, low freezing point propellants are required to ensure the normal operation of aerospace engines in deep space environments. Blending NO and nitrogen tetroxide is a commonly used method to decrease freezing point of propellant, which is called MON-X. Researches on MON-X/methyl hydrazine thruster with impinging injection and influences of initial temperature are rare, and there hasn't been a comparison between nitrogen tetroxide/methyl hydrazine thrusters and MON-X/methyl hydrazine thrusters.

Scalable and shapable nacre-like ceramic-metal composites based on deformable microspheres.

Natural nacre that consists of brittle minerals and weak organics exhibits a high fracture toughness while retaining a high strength. The exceptional mechanical performance of nacre is attributed to its hierarchical structure like a 'brick-and-mortar' structure, which has inspired the development of tough ceramic-based composites. However, the practical applications of biomimetic structural ceramics are hindered by limited material size, fabrication efficiency and flexibility of being molded into various shapes.

3D printing personalized orally disintegrating tablets with complex structures for the treatment of special populations.

Individuals with special needs, such as children, the elderly, and the visually impaired, encounter significant hurdles in the field of personalized pharmacotherapy due to their distinctive medication needs. 3D printing technology, a novel approach for preparing drug products with intricate personalized designs, has shown considerable promise in improving the safety and adherence to patient medication regimens. This study chose acetaminophen, a commonly employed antipyretic analgesic, as the model drug and employed binder jetting 3D printing (BJ-3DP) to manufacture oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) with multiple specifications and complex structures.

High-Capacity Multilayered Luminescent Encryption Technology Based on Er-Implanted Silicon Treated by Pulsed Laser Annealing.

Luminescent encrypted labels can effectively solve the problem of counterfeiting. However, they suffer from complex design and fabrication, low space utilization, and limited capacity of encrypted information. Herein, we create multilayer infrared luminescent encryption labels using femtosecond-laser-activated Er-doped silicon.

Waveguide Microactuators Self-Rolled Around an Optical Fiber Taper.

Precisely capturing and manipulating microscale objects, such as individual cells and microorganisms, is fundamental to advancements in biomedical research and microrobotics. Photoactuators based on optical fibers serving as flexible, unobstructed waveguides are well-suited for these operations, particularly in confined locations where free-space illumination is impractical. However, integrating optical fibers with microscale actuators poses significant challenges due to size mismatch, resulting in slow responses inadequate for handling motile micro-objects.

Edge-Mediated Charge Deposition at 2D Contact.

Electrical charge deposition modulates carrier mobility in electronic devices and governs interfacial processes such as frictional energy dissipation and triboelectric power generation. Selective charge deposition on 2D materials enables logic and memory functions, but controlling charge transfer and trapping remains a challenge. Here, we report an unconventional contact electrification mechanism activated at a sliding structural superlubric interface between highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and h-BN.

Crossing the Dimensional Divide with Optoelectronic Tweezers: Multicomponent Light-Driven Micromachines with Motion Transfer in Three Dimensions.

Micromachines capable of performing diverse mechanical tasks in complex and constrained microenvironments are of great interest. Despite important milestones in this pursuit, until now, micromachines are confined to actuation within a single 2D plane due to the challenges of transferring motion across different planes in limited space. Here, a breakthrough method is presented to overcome this limitation: multi-component micromachines that facilitate 3D motion transfer across different planes.

VM-YOLO: YOLO with VMamba for Strawberry Flowers Detection.

Computer vision technology is widely used in smart agriculture, primarily because of its non-invasive nature, which avoids causing damage to delicate crops. Nevertheless, the deployment of computer vision algorithms on agricultural machinery with limited computing resources represents a significant challenge. Algorithm optimization with the aim of achieving an equilibrium between accuracy and computational power represents a pivotal research topic and is the core focus of our work.

Geometric Accuracy and Dimensional Precision in 3D Printing-Based Gear Manufacturing: A Study on Interchangeability and Forming Precision.

This paper investigates the geometric interchangeability and dimensional precision of parts fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), with a focus on gear manufacturing. By employing a substrate and two spur gears as test components, critical process parameters, including layer thickness, extrusion speed, and print temperature, were optimized to achieve enhanced accuracy. Geometric and dimensional tolerances such as straightness, roundness, and surface roughness were systematically evaluated using advanced metrological techniques.

Laboratory observation of ion drift acceleration via reflection off laser-produced magnetized collisionless shocks.

Fermi acceleration is believed to be the primary mechanism to produce high-energy charged particles in the Universe, where charged particles gain energy successively from multiple reflections. Here, we present the direct laboratory experimental evidence of ion energization from single reflection off a supercritical collisionless shock, an essential component of Fermi acceleration, in a laser-produced magnetized plasma. A quasi-monoenergetic ion beam with two to four times the shock velocity was observed, which is consistent with the fast ion component observed in the Earth's bow shock.

Towards high mobility and adaptive mode transitions: Transformable wheel-biped humanoid locomotion strategy.

Wheel-biped humanoid robots offer a promising solution that combines the bipedal locomotion and manipulation capabilities of humanoids with the mobility advantages of wheeled robots. However, achieving high mobility and adaptive wheel-foot transitions while maintaining essential bipedal functionality in a transformable wheel-biped configuration (TWBC) presents a significant challenge. To address this, this paper proposes a transformable wheel-humanoid framework (TWHF), which enhances traditional humanoid robots by incorporating a compact, decoupled wheeled subsystem.

Touching the classical scaling in penetrative convection.

The Cassini missions have identified the tiger stripes on Enceladus as the source of both thermal emission and plume jets. The hot spots in the tiger stripes are highly localized, and the plumes suggest active hydrothermal processes within the subglacial ocean of Enceladus. However, understanding the mechanism responsible for the heat anomalies in the tiger stripes remains a challenge.