Scale effects of supplementary nature reserves on biodiversity conservation in China's southern hilly region.

The Southern Hilly Region (SHR) of China plays a critical role in maintaining national ecological security and supporting global biodiversity. However, intensified human activities, such as urbanization and excessive land exploitation, have led to significant ecological degradation, posing threats to both local and global biodiversity. The current nature reserve system in SHR no longer meets the demands for local biodiversity conservation.

Ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria respond to different manure application rates during organic vegetable cultivation in Northwest China.

Ammonia oxidization is a critical process in nitrogen cycling that involves ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB). However, the effects of different manure amounts on ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) over the course of organic vegetables production remains unclear. We used the amoA gene to evaluated AOMs abundance and community structure in organic vegetable fields.

Urbanization can accelerate climate change by increasing soil N O emission while reducing CH uptake.

Urban land-use change has the potential to affect local to global biogeochemical carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. We conducted a meta-analysis to (1) assess the effects of urbanization-induced land-use conversion on soil nitrous oxide (N O) and methane (CH ) fluxes, (2) quantify direct N O emission factors (EF ) of fertilized urban soils used, for example, as lawns or forests, and (3) identify the key drivers leading to flux changes associated with urbanization. On average, urbanization increases soil N O emissions by 153%, to 3.

Disaggregation of Ploidy, Gender, and Genotype Effects on Wood and Fiber Traits in a Diploid and Triploid Hybrid Poplar Family.

Triploid breeding based on unilateral sexual polyploidization is an effective approach for genetic improvement of , which can integrate heterosis and ploidy vigor in an elite variety. However, the phenotypic divergence of unselected allotriploids with the same cross-combination remains poorly understood, and the contributions of ploidy, gender, and genotype effects on phenotypic variation are still unclear. In this study, wood and fiber traits, including basic density (BD), lignin content (LC), fiber length (FL), fiber width (FW), and fiber length/width (FL/W), were measured based on a 10-year-old clonal trial, including full-sib diploid and triploid hybrids of ( × 'Zheyin3#') × × , and contributions of ploidy, gender, and genotype effects on the variation of these traits, were disaggregated to enhance our understanding of triploid breeding.

Corrigendum: Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 13 Species in , , and and Insights into Phylogenetic Relationships of Onagraceae.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.

Drought-Responsive NAC Transcription Factor Is Recognized by , Interacts with to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis.

, a key transcription factor that may respond to drought stress in 'Old Blush', was selected in our previous study. In the present study, we found that is localized in the nucleus and is a transcriptional activator. expression could be significantly induced by drought, low temperature, salt as well as abscisic acid (ABA) treatment.

Variation of Chromosome Composition in a Full-Sib Population Derived From 2x × 3x Interploidy Cross of .

Interploidy cross commonly results in complex chromosome number and structural variations. In our previous study, a progeny with segregated ploidy levels was produced by an interploidy cross between diploid female parent × clone TB03 and triploid male parent × 'Yinzhong'. However, the chromosome compositions of aneuploid genotypes in the progeny were still unclear.

Changing weekend effects of air pollutants in Beijing under 2020 COVID-19 lockdown controls.

In 2020, lockdown control measures were implemented to prevent a novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic in many places of the world, which largely reduced human activities. Here, we detect changes in weekly cycles of PM, NO, SO, CO and O concentrations in 2020 compared to 2018 and 2019 using the observed data at 32 stations in Beijing. Distinct weekly cycles of annual average PM, NO, SO and CO concentrations existed in 2018, while the weekend effects changed in 2020.

Hydraulic traits are coupled with plant anatomical traits under drought-rewatering cycles in Ginkgo biloba L.

Investigating the responses of plant anatomical traits of trees to drought-rewatering cycles helps us to understand their responses to climate change; however, such work has not been adequately reported. In this study, Ginkgo biloba L. saplings were subjected to moderate, severe, extreme and lethal drought conditions by withholding water according to the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and rewatering on a regular basis.

Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genomes of 13 Species in , , and and Insights Into Phylogenetic Relationships of Onagraceae.

The evening primrose family, Onagraceae, is a well defined family of the order Myrtales, comprising 22 genera widely distributed from boreal to tropical areas. In this study, we report and characterize the complete chloroplast genome sequences of 13 species in , , and using a next-generation sequencing method. We also retrieved chloroplast sequences from two other Onagraceae genera to characterize the chloroplast genome of the family.

Characteristics of annual NO and NO fluxes from Chinese urban turfgrasses.

Urban turfgrass ecosystems are expected to increase at unprecedented rates in upcoming decades, due to the increasing population density and urban sprawl worldwide. However, so far urban turfgrasses are among the least understood of all terrestrial ecosystems concerning their impact on biogeochemical N cycling and associated nitrous oxide (NO) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes. In this study, we aimed to characterize and quantify annual NO and NO fluxes from urban turfgrasses dominated by either C4, warm-season species or C3, cool-season and shade-enduring species, based on year-round field measurements in Beijing, China.

Comparative Transcriptome and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Identify Key Transcription Factors of 'Old Blush' After Exposure to a Gradual Drought Stress Followed by Recovery.

Rose is one of the most fundamental ornamental crops, but its yield and quality are highly limited by drought. The key transcription factors (TFs) and co-expression networks during rose's response to drought stress and recovery after drought stress are still limited. In this study, the transcriptomes of leaves of 2-year-old cutting seedlings of 'Old Blush' from three continuous droughted stages (30, 60, 90 days after full watering) and rewatering were analyzed using RNA sequencing.

An updated phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis based on genome skimming data reveals convergent evolution of shrubby habit in Clematis in the Pliocene and Pleistocene.

Convergent evolution, often viewed as the inevitable outcome of natural selection, has received special attention since the time of Darwin. Clematis is well known for its climbing habit, but it has some shrubby species, known as sect. Fruticella s.

Metagenomic Analysis of Marigold: Mixed Infection Including Two New Viruses.

Marigold plants with symptoms of mosaic, crinkle, leaf curl and necrosis were observed and small RNA and ribo-depleted total RNA deep sequencing were conducted to identify the associated viruses. Broad bean wilt virus 2, cucumber mosaic virus, turnip mosaic virus, a new potyvirus tentatively named marigold mosaic virus (MMV) and a new partitivirus named as marigold cryptic virus (MCV) were finally identified. Complete genome sequence analysis showed MMV was 9811 nt in length, encoding a large polyprotein with highest aa sequence identity (57%) with the putative potyvirus polygonatumkingianum virus 1.

Small RNA and Transcriptome Sequencing of a Symptomatic Peony Plant Reveals Mixed Infections with Novel Viruses.

To identify the viruses in tree peony plants associated with the symptoms of yellowing, leaf rolling, stunted growth, and decline, high-throughput sequencing of small RNA and mRNA was conducted from a single symptomatic plant. Bioinformatic analyses and reconstruction of viral genomes indicated mixed viral infections involving cycas necrotic stunt virus, apple stem grooving virus, lychnis mottle virus, grapevine line pattern virus, and three new viruses designated as peony yellowing-associated citrivirus (PYaCV, in ), peony betaflexivirus 1 (PeV1, unclassified in ), and peony leafroll-associated virus (PLRaV, in ). PYaCV was 8,666 nucleotides (nt) in length, comprising three open reading frames (ORFs), and shared 63.

First Report of broad bean wilt virus-2 in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) in China.

Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2), a member of the genus Fabavirus in the family Secoviridae mainly transmitted by aphids, has been recognized as a severe pathogen affecting the production of horticultural and ornamental plants worldwide (Xia et al. 2020). The virus was reported to infect many plant species mostly belonging to the family Fabaceae in China (Wang et al.

Colchicine induction of 'Old Blush' 2n pollen for the hybridization and breeding of tetraploid rose.

Obtaining 2n pollen from the diploid Chinese old rose 'Old Blush' through artificial induction is one important means of hybridizing and breeding modern tetraploid roses. We used colchicine-induced 2n pollen to assess normal viability during hybridization and fructification. The results showed that the pollen mother cell had lagging chromosomes and parallel spindles at meiosis I stage, following which the 2n pollen was produced from dyads and triads with doubled chromosomes.

Global analysis of the AP2/ERF gene family in rose (Rosa chinensis) genome unveils the role of RcERF099 in Botrytis resistance.

Background: The AP2/ERFs belong to a large family of transcription factors in plants. The AP2/ERF gene family has been identified as a key player involved in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants, however, no comprehensive study has yet been carried out on the AP2/ERF gene family in rose (Rosa sp.), the most important ornamental crop worldwide.

Carotenoid metabolite and transcriptome dynamics underlying flower color in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.).

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is an important ornamental plant with a wide variety of flower colors. Despite its economic value, few biochemical and molecular studies have explored the generation of flower color in this species.

Development of a Large Gene-Associated SSR Marker Set and in-Depth Genetic Characterization in Scarlet Sage.

, scarlet or tropical sage, is a tender perennial herbaceous flowering plant popularly grown in public and private gardens all over the world. In this study, we developed a set of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) from genome-wide sequences to assess the genetic diversity and population structure among 112 cultivars. We obtained 364,379 SSRs by mining scarlet sage's recently published whole genome sequence; 14,545 gene-associated SSR loci were identified in 2 kb gene flanking regions.

In vitro production and distribution of flavonoids in Fisch.

Fisch. is known as a common Chinese medicinal herb used to harmonize the effects of other ingredients in most Chinese herbal prescriptions. The rapid production of flavonoids in vitro remains unknown in Fisch.

[Differences in atmospheric CO concentration and δC value between green spaces and its adjacent roads as well as the influencing factors in Beijing, China].

Near-surface atmospheric CO concentration and δC value in four greenspaces and on their adjacent roads in Beijing were measured by off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy to analyze the influence of urban greenspace on spatial distribution of near-surface atmospheric CO. The results showed that atmospheric CO concentration and δC value varied substantially both temporally and spatially. The highest CO concentration was found in the urban area, followed by the suburbs, and the lowest CO concentration was in the outer suburbs.

Characterization of a highly divergent Sugarcane mosaic virus from Canna indica L. by deep sequencing.

Background: Cannas are popular ornamental plants and widely planted for the beautiful foliage and flower. Viral disease is a major threaten to canna horticulture industry. In the city of Beijing, mosaic disease in canna was frequently observed, but the associated causal agent and its biological characterization is still unknown.

Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate Trunk Injection Against the Asian Long-Horned Beetle [Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)].

The efficacy of tree injected with emamectin benzoate (EB) against the Asian long-horned beetle (ALB) was tested in a heavily infested willow forest in Beijing, China. In a 1.7-ha plot, 240 out of 310 trees were treated with two EB formulations at various rates.

Complete Genome Sequence of sp. Strain CCBC3-3-1, an Antagonistic Endophytic Bacterium Isolated from a Branch.

sp. strain CCBC3-3-1, having antagonistic activity against , was isolated from We report the complete genome sequence of this strain determined by PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. The total genome size of CCBC3-3-1 is 5,159,767 bp, with a G+C content of 48.