4-1BBL-Armed Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Exerts Antitumor Effects in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor with a notably poor response to therapy due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and intrinsic drug resistance. The oncolytic virus (OV) represents a promising therapeutic strategy capable of transforming the "cold" immunological profile of PDAC tumors to a "hot" one by reshaping the TME. 4-1BB (CD137), a crucial member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, plays a significant role in T-cell activation and function.

Supramolecular Coassembly Activated Dual-Excitation Fluorescent Sensing Platform for Precise Detection of Aflatoxin B.

The development of a sensory signal amplification approach is very crucial for rapid and precise detection of aflatoxin B (AFB). However, such approaches remain scarce due to the weak interactions between AFB and the sensing probes. Herein, the first example of a dual-excitation fluorescent platform for antibody-free AFB detection is reported, which is assembled by an ordered π-π stack of cationic perylene derivative (PTHA) and tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)].

Single-cell data-driven design of armed oncolytic virus and combination therapy to activate a cooperative innate-adaptive immunity against cancer.

Oncolytic viruses have been considered promising cancer immunotherapies. However, oncovirotherapy agents impart durable responses in only a subset of cancer patients. Thus, exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous responses in patients can provide guidance to develop more effective oncolytic virus therapies.

Liposome-loaded dissolvable microneedle patches for more efficient intradermal antigen delivery of Hepatitis B vaccine.

The aim of this study was to improve the efficacy of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccination via liposome-loaded dissolvable microneedle (Lipo-dMN) patches. HBsAg liposomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and subsequently incorporated into dissolvable microneedle patches via a pre-vacuum approach. Liposomes, dissolvable microneedle patches (dMN), and Lipo-dMN were characterized for encapsulation efficiency, mechanical properties, morphology, skin insertion, in vitro release, cellular uptake, and in vivo vaccination studies.

The Unveiled Novel regulator of Adeno-associated virus production in HEK293 cells.

The field of gene therapy using Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector delivery is rapidly advancing in the biotherapeutics industry. Despite its successes, AAV manufacturing remains a challenge due to limited production yields. The triple plasmid transfection of HEK293 cells represents the most extensively utilized system for AAV production.

Development of highly adaptable RT-PCR methods for identifying Delta and BA.1 variants in inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.

Background The emergence and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a significant threat to human health and public safety. While next-generation sequencing (NGS) is capable of detecting and tracking new COVID-19 variants for disease diagnosis and prevention, its high cost and time-consuming nature limit its widespread use. In this study, our aim was to develop a highly adaptable and accurate RT-PCR method for identifying the Delta or BA.

Progress in research and development of preventive vaccines for children in China.

The infant and child stage is an important stage for the continuation and development of human society. The initial years of life have a lasting impact on a child's future. Children under the age of 5 have an immature immune system, especially infants and young children under 6 months of age.

Application prospects of the 2BS cell-adapted China fixed rabies virus vaccine strain 2aG4-B40.

Background: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and vaccination is the only effective method for protecting against rabies virus infection. Most inactivated vaccines are produced using Vero cells, which are African green monkey kidney cells, to achieve large-scale production. However, there is a potential carcinogenic risk due to nonhuman DNA contamination.

Nonclinical safety and immunogenicity assessment of a combined DTacP vaccine in animal models.

The (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis [acellular, component] [DTacP]) vaccine is a combined vaccine designed to prevent three potentially fatal diseases including pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria in both children and adults. We utilized advanced technology to develop a novel DTacP vaccine that was previously unavailable in China. The nonclinical studies were performed to evaluate the immunogenicity, potential toxicity, and local tolerance of the vaccine in animal models.

Alum/CpG adjuvant promotes immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron vaccine through enhanced humoral and cellular immunity.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which was classified as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization on 26 November 2021, has attracted worldwide attention for its high transmissibility and immune evasion ability. The existing COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to be less effective in preventing Omicron variant infection and symptomatic infection, which brings new challenges to vaccine development and application. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an Omicron variant COVID-19 inactivated vaccine containing aluminum and CpG adjuvants in a variety of animal models.

Structural basis of the recognition of adeno-associated virus by the neurological system-related receptor carbonic anhydrase IV.

Carbonic anhydrase IV (Car4) is a newly identified receptor that allows adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9P31 to cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve efficient infection in the central nervous system (CNS) in mouse models. However, the molecular mechanism by which engineered AAV capsids with 7-mer insertion in the variable region (VR) VIII recognize these novel cellular receptors is unknown. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of AAV9P31 and its complex with Mus musculus Car4 at atomic resolution by utilizing the block-based reconstruction (BBR) method.

The Screening and Mechanism of Influenza-Virus Sensitive MDCK Cell Lines for Influenza Vaccine Production.

Influenza is a potentially fatal acute respiratory viral disease caused by the influenza virus. Influenza viruses vary in antigenicity and spread rapidly, resulting in seasonal epidemics. Vaccination is the most effective strategy for lowering the incidence and fatality rates of influenza-related disorders, and it is also an important method for reducing seasonal influenza infections.

Targeting IL-17A enhances imatinib efficacy in Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Dysregulated hematopoietic niches remodeled by leukemia cells lead to imbalances in immunological mediators that support leukemogenesis and drug resistance. Targeting immune niches may ameliorate disease progression and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-ALL (Ph B-ALL). Here, we show that T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and IL-17A expression are distinctively elevated in Ph B-ALL patients.

Enhancing Inactivated Yellow Fever 17D Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses in Balb/C Mice Using Alum/CpG.

There are some concerns about the safety of live attenuated yellow fever vaccines (YF-live), particularly viscerotropic adverse events, which have a high mortality rate. The cellular production of the vaccine will not cause these adverse effects and has the potential to extend applicability to those who have allergic reactions, immunosuppression, and age. In this study, inactivated yellow fever (YF) was prepared and adsorbed with Alum/CpG.

Immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of the sabin-strain-based inactivated poliovirus vaccine, the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine to healthy infants aged 18 months in China.

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decline in vaccine coverage, and the implementation of combined vaccines and co-administration strategies emerged as potential solutions to alleviate this predicament. Our objective is to delve into the concurrent administration of the sabin-strain-based inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV), the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR), with the intention of bridging the evidentiary gap pertaining to vaccine co-administration in Chinese infants, and to ensure a safe and effective vaccination strategy, ultimately leading to an augmentation in immunization coverage.

Methods: This study was a follow-up trial of the "Immunogenicity and safety of concomitant administration of the sIPV with the DTaP vaccine in children: a multicenter, randomized, non-inferiority, controlled trial.

Claudin18.2 bispecific T cell engager armed oncolytic virus enhances antitumor effects against pancreatic cancer.

Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) represent a promising immunotherapy, but their efficacy against immunologically cold tumors such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can transform the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment into the active state and also serve as transgene vectors to selectively express the desired genes in tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate whether the therapeutic benefits of tumor-targeting Claudin18.

Physicochemical properties and adsorption state of aluminum adjuvants with different processes in vaccines.

Aluminum salts are by far the most widely used adjuvants for human vaccines, showing acceptable safety and efficacy. Previous studies have shown that each aluminum adjuvant have different charges and morphologies, but whether the manufacturing and production processes affects the physicochemical properties of aluminum adjuvant has not yet been reported. In this study, we explored the physical and chemical properties of different aluminum adjuvants and Hib, sIPV antigens through particle size, zeta potential and morphological characteristics.

Discovery and characterization of potent pan-variant SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies from individuals with Omicron breakthrough infection.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evades most currently approved neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and caused drastic decrease of plasma neutralizing activity elicited by vaccination or prior infection, urging the need for the development of pan-variant antivirals. Breakthrough infection induces a hybrid immunological response with potentially broad, potent and durable protection against variants, therefore, convalescent plasma from breakthrough infection may provide a broadened repertoire for identifying elite nAbs. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and BCR sequencing (scBCR-seq) of B cells from BA.

Immuno-persistence of the different primary polio vaccine schedules and immunogenicity of the booster dose by sabin inactivated or bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in children aged 4 years: an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 4 trial in China.

Background: Sabin inactivated and bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (sIPV, bOPV) were commonly used in China since 2016. We conducted an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 4 trial to assess immune persistence following sequential immunisation with sIPV or bOPV, and immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of poliovirus vaccine in children aged 4 years.

Methods: Participants from a previous clinical trial with three different sequential schedules with sIPV (I) or bOPV (B) at ages 2, 3, and 4 months (Groups I-B-B, I-I-B, I-I-I) in 2017 were followed-up.

Correction: Yu et al. Comparison of Physical and Biochemical Characterizations of SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated by Different Treatments. 2022, , 1938.

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Efficacy and Safety of a Booster Vaccination with Two Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults: Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial in Abu Dhabi.

Importance: The protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations has declined over time such that booster doses are required.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of booster doses of two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.

Design: This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial aiming to evaluate the protective efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cells) after inoculation with booster doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.

Comparative Study on MNVT of OPV Type I and III Reference Products in Different Periods.

Widespread vaccination using the oral live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) and Sabin strain inactivated vaccine (sIPV) have greatly reduced the incidence of polio worldwide. In the period post-polio, the virulence of reversion of the Sabin strain makes the use of OPV gradually becoming one of the major safety hazards. The verification and release of OPV has become the top priority.