The Current State and Progress of Mpox Vaccine Research.

On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the monkeypox (mpox) outbreak a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern." Since 2022, outbreaks of mpox in many countries around the world have primarily resulted in fatalities among immunocompromised individuals, such as untreated HIV/AIDS patients. Since the eradication of smallpox was declared by the WHO in 1980, the global vaccination against smallpox has been gradually discontinued.

Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced liver injury: an update.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important adverse drug reaction that can lead to acute liver failure or even death in severe cases. Currently, the diagnosis of DILI still follows the strategy of exclusion. Therefore, a detailed history taking and a thorough and careful exclusion of other potential causes of liver injury is the key to correct diagnosis.

Elevated hyaluronic acid levels in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in the post-COVID-19 era.

Objective: Human identical sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) promoted the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression by upregulating hyaluronic acid (HA) via NamiRNA-enhancer network, based on previous experimental research. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of HA for the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the post-COVID-19 era.

Methods: A total of 217 consecutive patients with COVID-19 were enrolled at Beijing Ditan Hospital between July 2023 and October 2023.

Prevalence and factors associated with fertility desires among HIV-positive MSM.

The National surveillance data showed that homosexual transmission played a considerable role in new HIV infections in China. The emphasis on antiretroviral therapy and prevention of mother-to-child transmission provided chances for reproduction among people living with HIV/AIDS. Issues of fertility desire have a paucity of data among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM).

A novel nomogram to predict the overall survival of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients following ablation therapy.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess factors affecting the prognosis of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing ablation therapy and create a nomogram for predicting their 3-, 5-, and 8-year overall survival (OS).

Methods: The research included 881 early-stage HCC patients treated at Beijing You'an Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, from 2014 to 2022. A nomogram was developed using independent prognostic factors identified by Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Large-Scale Proteome Profiling Identifies Biomarkers Associated with Suspected Neurosyphilis Diagnosis.

Neurosyphilis (NS) is a central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum). NS can occur at any stage of syphilis and manifests as a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms.

A field diagnostic method for rapid and sensitive detection of mpox virus.

The mpox outbreak has subdued with fewer reported cases at the present in high-income countries. It is known that mpox virus (MPXV) infection has been epidemic for more than 50 years in African countries. The ancestral MPXV strain has changed into multiple clades, indicating the ongoing evolution of MPXV, which reflects the historical neglect of mpox in Africa, especially after smallpox eradication, and bestows the danger of more severe mpox epidemics in the future.

Detection of HIV-1 DNA/RNA in Peripheral Blood, Bone Marrow and Femoral Head of Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Background: With the increasing life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) following antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is a growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Compared with the more accessible blood, the viral infection profile in bone marrow and necrotic femoral heads in PLWH remains inadequately characterized.

Methods: Femoral head and bone marrow were collected from 15 PLWH undergoing total hip arthroplasty.

Regression-based Chinese norms of number connection test A and digit symbol test for diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Number connection test A (NCT-A) and digit symbol test (DST), the preferential neuropsychological tests to detect minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in China, haven't been standardized in Chinese population. We aimed to establish the norms based on a multi-center cross-sectional study and to detect MHE in cirrhotic patients. NCT-A and DST were administered to 648 healthy controls and 1665 cirrhotic patients.

Pan-cancer analysis predicts CANT1 as a potential prognostic, immunologic biomarker.

Background: CANT1, calcium-activated nucleotidase 1, was reported to be upregulated in certain tumors. However, the function mechanism of CANT1 in pan-cancer is still unclear.

Methods: We utilized the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and UALCAN databases to analyze CANT1 expression at the level of mRNA, protein, and promoter methylation in pan-cancer, and the cBioportal database to study the frequency of gene changes for CANT1.

Efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingwen granule in the treatment of non-influenza viral pneumonia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical study.

Objective: To observe the effectiveness and safety of Lianhua Qingwen granule in the treatment of non-influenza viral pneumonia.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were clinically diagnosed with viral pneumonia (negative for influenza virus) were randomly divided into the Lianhua Qingwen granule trial group and placebo control group.

Lenvatinib combined with sintilimab plus transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Recently, combination therapy has shown a better trend towards improved tumour response and survival outcomes than monotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, research on triple therapy [lenvatinib + sintilimab + transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)] as a first-line treatment for advanced HCC is limited.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of triple therapy as a first-line treatment for advanced HCC.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of patients with HIV and glioma: A case series and literature review.

Cerebral glial tumors have become increasingly common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. The present study aimed to report a series of such cases, explore their clinical and pathological characteristics and subject all the reported cases to a survival analysis. The characteristics, management and prognosis of 10 HIV-positive patients with brain gliomas enrolled in a single hospital were investigated in detail.

Identification of CCL20 as a Prognostic Predictor for Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Based on Plasma Proteomics.

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a lethal tick-borne hemorrhagic fever, prompted our investigation into prognostic predictors and potential drug targets using plasma Olink Proteomics.

Methods: Employing the Olink assay, we analyzed 184 plasma proteins in 30 survivors and 8 nonsurvivors of SFTS. Validation was performed in a cohort of 154 patients with SFTS via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The first reported cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from domestic sick camel to humans in China.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with an increasing annual incidence rate. In this case report, we presented two patients infected with the SFTS virus, suggesting a potential direct transmission route from camels to humans through blood contact. Both patients developed symptoms after engaging in the slaughtering of one sick camel, while their family members living in the same environment or co-diners remained unaffected.

Mitochondrial disturbance related to increased caspase-1 of CD4T cells in HIV-1 infection.

Background: In HIV-1 infection, more than 95% of CD4T cells die of caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis. What governs the increased susceptibility of CD4T cells to pyroptosis is poorly understood.

Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 31 untreated HIV-infected patients (UNT), 29 antiretroviral therapy treated HIV-infected patients (ART), and 21 healthy control donors (HD).

A model based on meta-analysis to evaluate poor prognosis of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

Background: Early identification of risk factors associated with poor prognosis in Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) patients is crucial to improving patient survival.

Method: Retrieve literature related to fatal risk factors in SFTS patients in the database, extract the risk factors and corresponding RRs and 95% CIs, and merge them. Statistically significant factors were included in the model, and stratified and assigned a corresponding score.

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase level predicts the severity and prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective multicenter study.

Background: Identifying the diagnosis as well as prognosis for patients presented with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains challenging. We aimed to identify the role of lysophosphatidylcholine acyl-transferase (LPCAT) for CAP along with assessing this protein's effectiveness as a biomarker for severity of disease and mortality.

Methods: Prospective multicenter research study was carried out among hospitalized patients.

Intestinal microbiome-targeted therapies improve liver function in alcohol-related liver disease by restoring bifidobacteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To systematically evaluate the efficacy of intestinal microbiome-targeted therapies (MTTs) in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). With pre-specified keywords and strategies, we searched databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and Weipu for RCTs on intestinal MTTs in ALD patients from January 2000 to May 2021. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation according to the eligible criteria.

The Enhancement of Hepatic Parenchyma and Portal Vein in different CLD Groups: A Comparative Study of Gadoxetic Acid and Gadopentetate Dimeglumine.

Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) will affect the enhancement of hepatic parenchyma and portal vein on abdominal-enhanced MRI.

Objective: To investigate the difference in liver parenchyma and portal vein enhancement in patients with CLD of different liver function grades between Gd- EOB-DTPA and Gd-DPTA in the portal venous phase (PVP).

Methods: This retrospective study included 218 patients with CLD who had undergone abdominal enhanced MRI from January 2019 to June 2020.

PreS1BP mediates inhibition of Hepatitis B virus replication by promoting HBx protein degradation.

Background: PreS1-binding protein (PreS1BP), recognized as a nucleolar protein and tumor suppressor, influences the replication of various viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Its role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and the underlying mechanisms, however, remain elusive.

Methods: We investigated PreS1BP expression levels in an HBV-replicating cell and animal model and analyzed the impact of its overexpression on viral replication metrics.

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study.

Background: The incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is 10-100 times higher than that in the general population. However, the specific bone microstructure and extent of damage within the femoral head in PWH are still unclear.

Methods: Femoral head samples were obtained by total hip arthroplasty, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was employed to investigate the microstructure of trabecular bone across 4 representative regions within necrotic femoral heads, and quantitative analysis was performed.

Supervised machine learning algorithms to predict the duration and risk of long-term hospitalization in HIV-infected individuals: a retrospective study.

Objective: The study aimed to use supervised machine learning models to predict the length and risk of prolonged hospitalization in PLWHs to help physicians timely clinical intervention and avoid waste of health resources.

Methods: Regression models were established based on RF, KNN, SVM, and XGB to predict the length of hospital stay using RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and , while classification models were established based on RF, KNN, SVM, NN, and XGB to predict risk of prolonged hospital stay using accuracy, PPV, NPV, specificity, sensitivity, and kappa, and visualization evaluation based on AUROC, AUPRC, calibration curves and decision curves of all models were used for internally validation.

Results: In regression models, XGB model performed best in the internal validation (RMSE = 16.

Development and validation of a prognostic model for 90-day survival in patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis and acute decompensation.

Background/purpose: Patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis and acute decompensation are considered critically ill and have a higher risk of short-term mortality. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to evaluate their 90-day survival and identify factors that affect disease progression.

Methods: We included patients from September 2008 to December 2016 (n = 387 in the derivation group) and from January 2017 to August 2020 (n = 157 in the validation group).