Identification of germplasm resources based on metabolomics and DNA barcoding.

Introduction: radix et rhizoma (Danshen) is a crucial medicinal material for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the presence of adulterants and intraspecific variability poses challenges to its clinical safety.

Methods: This study collected samples of from various regions and commonly encountered adulterants.

The genomic pattern of insertion/deletion variations during rice improvement.

Background: Rice, as one of the most important staple crops, its genetic improvement plays a crucial role in agricultural production and food security. Although extensive research has utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data to explore the genetic basis of important agronomic traits in rice improvement, reports on the role of other types of variations, such as insertions and deletions (INDELs), are still limited.

Results: In this study, we extracted INDELs from resequencing data of 148 rice improved varieties.

Insight into the enhanced removal of dimethoate by ferrate(Ⅵ)/biochar system: Contributions of adsorption and active oxidants.

Dimethoate is a toxic organophosphorus insecticide and its contamination of water poses a threat to the surrounding ecosystem. In order to enhance the removal effect of ferrate (Fe(VI)) on dimethoate, modified graphene-like biochar (SIZBC) with reduction and adsorption properties was prepared in this study. Compared with Fe(VI) alone, the removal of dimethoate by Fe(VI)/SIZBC increased from 26 % to more than 97 %, and the reaction rate was accelerated by 34 times.

Further exploration of the physicochemical nature of μ-bridge-relevant deprotonations the elucidation of four kinds of alditol complexes.

Single-crystal structures of four alditol complexes are presented. In LuCl/galactitol and ScCl/-inositol complexes, μ-bridge-relevant deprotonations were observed. The polarization from two rare earth ions in the μ-bridge activates the chemically inert OH and promotes deprotonation.

[Chemical constituents from petroleum ether fraction of Artemisia stolonifera].

The chemical constituents in the petroleum ether fraction of Artemisia stolonifera were investigated. Twenty compounds(1-20) were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of A. stolonifera by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC.

Integrated microbiomic and metabolomic dynamics of Yi traditional fermented liquor.

This study examines the microbial community composition, metabolite characteristics, and the relationship between the two during the fermentation process of Yi traditional fermented liquor. Yi traditional fermented foods have a profound historical and cultural background, with significant ethnic characteristics. As a case in point, Yi traditional fermented liquor is typically prepared using local plants or traditional Chinese herbs as fermentation substrates and undergoes a lengthy fermentation process, resulting in a fermented beverage that is reputed to have beneficial effects on human health.

Multi-scale structural influence of starch on their interaction of caffeic acid and starch after freeze-thaw: Taking potato starch and lotus seed starch as examples.

Interactions between polyphenols and starch affect the quality of starch-based products. In this study, we investigated the interaction between caffeic acid (CA) and starches with different structures (lotus seed starch (LSS) and potato starch (PS)) after freeze-thaw, and the effects of CA on the physicochemical properties of starch. The results show that CA has distinct effects on starch, driven by differences in the multiscale structure.

Multi-scale asynchronous correlation and 2D convolutional autoencoder for adolescent health risk prediction with limited fMRI data.

Introduction: Adolescence is a fundamental period of transformation, encompassing extensive physical, psychological, and behavioral changes. Effective health risk assessment during this stage is crucial for timely intervention, yet traditional methodologies often fail to accurately predict mental and behavioral health risks due to the intricacy of neural dynamics and the scarcity of quality-annotated fMRI datasets.

Methods: This study introduces an innovative deep learning-based framework for health risk assessment in adolescents by employing a combination of a two-dimensional convolutional autoencoder (2DCNN-AE) with multi-sequence learning and multi-scale asynchronous correlation information extraction techniques.

Polystyrene nanoplastics enhance thrombosis through adsorption of plasma proteins.

Plastic products offer remarkable convenience for modern life. However, growing concerns are emerging regarding the potential health hazards posed by nanoplastics, which formed as plastics break down. Currently, the biological effects and mechanisms induced by nanoplastics are largely underexplored.

Increased global warming potential during freeze-thaw cycle is primarily due to the contribution of NO rather than CO.

While freeze-thaw cycle (FTC) can influence greenhouse gas emissions, the specific greenhouse gas that responds most strongly to FTC, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the responses of global warming potential (GWP) and the fluxes of CO and NO to FTC. Our results showed that FTC treatment significantly increased GWP, NO flux, cumulative GWP, and cumulative NO emissions by 23.

Identifying the pollution risk pattern from industrial production to rural settlements and its countermeasures in China.

Impacted by large-scale and rapid rural industrialization in the past few decades, China's rural settlements are confronted with the risk of heavy metal pollution stemming from industrial production, which might pose a significant threat to the rural habitat and the well-beings. This study devised a relative risk model for industrial heavy metal pollution to the rural settlements based on the source-pathway-receptor risk theory. Using this model, we assessed the risk magnitudes of heavy metal pollution from industrial production at a 10 km × 10 km grid scale and identified the characteristics of the risk pattern in China.

Contact Toxicity and Repellent Effects of Essential Oils from Toddalia asiatica Against Two Stored-Product Insects.

Insect infestations continually endanger stored goods, underscoring the significance of discovering eco-friendly insecticides for pest management. Essential oils (EOs) from different parts of Toddalia asiatica (leaf, fruit and branch) were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Carvene, p-cymene and muurolene are the principal compounds of T.

[Quality evaluation and grading standard discussion on Cinnamomi Ramulus].

This study explored the relationship between the appearance traits and internal components of Cinnamomi Ramulus pieces, so as to provide a reference for the quality evaluation and the formulation of grade standards. This study determined the appearance traits and index component contents of 41 batches of Cinnamomi Ramulus pieces in the core producing areas of Guangxi and Guangdongand established the HPLC characteristic map method. The weight of the pieces, the narrowest diameter, and the widest diameter of the tr ansverse section were used as the indices of appearance traits.

Osteoblast-specific down-regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by aptamer-functionalized liposome nanoparticles improves bone quality in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats.

NLRP3 inflammasome is critical in the development and progression of many metabolic diseases driven by chronic inflammation, but its effect on the pathology of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) remains poorly understood. We here firstly examined the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome in PMOP patients by ELISA. Then we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome on PMOP by RNA sequencing of osteoblasts treated with NLRP3 siRNA and qPCR.

Development and characterization of pectin-based composite film incorporated with cannabidiol/2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex for food packaging.

To reduce environmental pollution and improve human health, developing green active food packaging materials is very necessary. In this study, a novel antioxidant and antibacterial composite film was produced by incorporating inclusion complex (CDIC) of cannabidiol (CBD) with 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) into pectin. The pectin films loaded with CBD and hemp leaf water extract (HLE) were prepared for comparison.

Parental and Adolescents' Anxiety during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Rural China: The role of Parent-child Communication.

Purpose: It has been suggested that the intergenerational transmission of anxiety may be an important contributor to the high prevalence of anxiety in adolescents. The objectives of this study are to examine whether and how parental anxiety is related to adolescent's anxiety and to explore the associations of parental anxiety and parent-child communication with adolescents' anxiety across different grades.

Methods: The current survey was conducted online from February 8th to February 27th, 2020.

Metabolomics for Clinical Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Target Identification.

As links between genotype and phenotype, small-molecule metabolites are attractive biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, classification, drug screening and treatment, insight into understanding disease pathology and identifying potential targets. Metabolomics technology is crucial for discovering targets of small-molecule metabolites involved in disease phenotype. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has implemented in applications in various fields including target discovery, explanation of disease mechanisms and compound screening.

The Landscape of Presence/Absence Variations during the Improvement of Rice.

Rice is one of the most important staple crops in the world; therefore, the improvement of rice holds great significance for enhancing agricultural production and addressing food security challenges. Although there have been numerous studies on the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rice improvement with the development of next-generation sequencing technologies, research on the role of presence/absence variations (PAVs) in the improvement of rice is limited. In particular, there is a scarcity of studies exploring the traits and genes that may be affected by PAVs in rice.

Therapeutic Implications of Phenolic Acids for Ameliorating Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder, and its complex etiology makes prevention and treatment challenging. Research on new drugs and treatment strategies is currently a focal point. Phenolic acids are widely present in plant-based diets and have demonstrated the potential to alleviate colitis due to their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Synergism of jet milling and deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on grapevine lignin fractionation and enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis.

Herein, we investigated the synergistic effects of jet milling (JM) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment on the fractionation of grapevine lignin and the consequent enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis. Grapevine, a substantial byproduct of the wine industry, was subjected to JM pretreatment to produce finely powdered particles (median diameter D = 98.90), which were then further treated with acidic ChCl-LA and alkaline KCO-EG DESs.