Hamiltonian learning for 300 trapped ion qubits with long-range couplings.

Quantum simulators with hundreds of qubits and engineerable Hamiltonians have the potential to explore quantum many-body models that are intractable for classical computers. However, learning the simulated Hamiltonian, a prerequisite for any quantitative applications of a quantum simulator, remains an outstanding challenge due to the fast increasing time cost with the qubit number and the lack of high-fidelity universal gate operations in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. Here, we demonstrate the Hamiltonian learning of a two-dimensional ion trap quantum simulator with 300 qubits.

Century-long West Antarctic snow accumulation changes induced by tropical teleconnections.

Ice core measurements reveal dipole-like snow accumulation trends over West Antarctica throughout the 20th century, with an increase of >2000 billion metric tons over the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land but a decrease of ~500 billion metric tons over Marie Byrd Land. Although atmospheric teleconnections were frequently revealed, linking variability between tropics and higher latitudes on interannual and decadal timescales, centennial-scale teleconnection is absent from literature. Here, using statistical analysis and numerical experiments, we reveal that changes of tropical oceans throughout the 20th century drive the long-term Antarctic snowfall trend.

Room-temperature continuous-wave pumped exciton polariton condensation in a perovskite microcavity.

Microcavity exciton polaritons (polaritons) as part-light part-matter quasiparticles garner considerable attention for Bose-Einstein condensation at elevated temperatures. Recently, halide perovskites have emerged as promising room-temperature polaritonic platforms because of their large exciton binding energies and superior optical properties. However, currently, inducing room-temperature nonequilibrium polariton condensation in perovskite microcavities requires optical pulsed excitations with high excitation densities.

Calcination-Induced Tight Nano-Heterointerface for Highly Effective Eradication of Rib Fracture-Related Infection by Near-Infrared Irradiation.

Rib fracture-related infection is a challenging complication of thoracic trauma due to the difficulty of treating it with antibiotics alone and the need for a second operation to remove the infected fixator and sterilize the surrounding infected tissue. In this study, inspired by the photocatalytic performance of and ion release from silver-based materials, including AgPO and AgS, a hybrid AgPO-AgS heterojunction was prepared based on anion exchange and a one-step calcination process to design a nonantibiotic coating aimed at preventing and treating rib fracture-related infection with short-term 808 nm near-infrared irradiation. Calcination at 250 °C enhanced the inductive effect of the phosphate radical and led to the formation of a tight nanoheterogeneous interface between AgPO and AgS, thereby promoting interfacial electron transfer and reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers.

Strong precursor softening in cubic CaSiO perovskite.

CaSiO[Formula: see text] perovskite (CaPv) is the last major mineral in the Earth's lower mantle whose elasticity remains largely unresolved. Here, we investigate the elasticity of CaPv using ab initio machine-learning force fields (MLFF). At room temperature, the elasticity of tetragonal CaPv determined by MLFF molecular dynamics (MD) agrees well with experimental measurements after considering temperature induced variations in the hydrostatic structure, proving the effectiveness of the method.

Bidirectional transparency in human-agent communications: effects of direction and level of transparency.

This study investigated whether bidirectional transparency, compared to agent-to-human transparency, improved human-agent collaboration. Additionally, we examined the optimal transparency levels for both humans and agents. We assessed the impact of transparency direction and level on various metrics of a human-agent team, including performance, trust, satisfaction, perceived agent's teaming skills, and mental workload.

An Immune Subtype Classification System Enables the Development of Strategies to Predict and Enhance Immunotherapy Responses in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. While immunotherapeutic approaches are effective in a subset of CRC patients, the majority of CRC cases receive limited benefits from immunotherapy. This study developed an immune subtype classification system based on diverse immune cells and pathways.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Homogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Naphthol Derivatives.

Due to their strong aromaticity and difficulties in chemo-, regio-, and enantioselectivity control, asymmetric hydrogenation of naphthol derivatives to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthols has remained a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report the first example of homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of naphthol derivatives catalyzed by tethered rhodium-diamine catalysts, affording a wide array of optically pure 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthols in high yields with excellent regio-, chemo-, and enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield and >99% ee). Mechanistic studies with experimental and computational approaches reveal that fluorinated solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) plays vital roles in the control of reactivity and selectivity, and 1-naphthol is reduced via a cascade reaction pathway, including dearomative tautomerization, 1,4-hydride addition, and 1,2-hydride addition in sequence.

Competitive Effect of Surface Hydrophobicity-Hydrophilicity and the Number of Accessible Protons on Water-Assisted Proton Conductivity in Metal-Organic Frameworks: Dielectric σ-Relaxation Triggered by Disordered Guest Ionic Migration and Its Mechanism.

The rapid upsurge of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has sparked profound interest in their potential as proton conductors for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, proton-conducting behaviors of hydrophobic MOFs remain poorly understood compared with their hydrophilic counterparts, largely due to the absence of a microscopic phase separation structure akin to that found in Nafion membranes. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for regulating the structures and proton conductivities of MOFs by separately incorporating hydrophobic -C(CF)- group alongside hydrophilic -O- and -SO- groups into organic ligands as linkers.

Extended Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Multibody Densities.

Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is widely used for understanding and predicting properties and behaviors of matter. As one of the fundamental theorems in TDDFT, Van Leeuwen theorem [Phys. Rev.

Dressed Majorana Fermion in a Hybrid Nanowire.

In hybrid systems where nanowires are proximity-coupled with superconductors, the low-energy theory fails to determine the topological phase with Majorana fermion (MF) when the magnetic field or proximity coupling is much stronger. To overcome this limitation, we propose a holistic approach that defines MF by considering both the motion of electrons in the nanowire and the quasiparticle excitations in the superconductor. This approach transcends the constraints of low-energy theory and offers broad applicability.

Upper Limit on the Photoproduction Cross Section of the Spin-Exotic π_{1}(1600).

The spin-exotic hybrid meson π_{1}(1600) is predicted to have a large decay rate to the ωππ final state. Using 76.6  pb^{-1} of data collected with the GlueX detector, we measure the cross sections for the reactions γp→ωπ^{+}π^{-}p, γp→ωπ^{0}π^{0}p, and γp→ωπ^{-}π^{0}Δ^{++} in the range E_{γ}=8-10  GeV.

Laser Wakefield Acceleration of Ions with a Transverse Flying Focus.

The extreme electric fields created in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions could generate energetic ions far more compactly than traditional accelerators. Despite this promise, laser-plasma accelerator experiments have been limited to maximum ion energies of ∼100  MeV/nucleon. The central challenge is the low charge-to-mass ratio of ions, which has precluded one of the most successful approaches used for electrons: laser wakefield acceleration.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from Threshold to 4.95 GeV.

Using the e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, at center-of-mass energies from the threshold to 4.95 GeV, we present precise measurements of the cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{+}D_{s}^{-} using a single-tag method. The resulting cross section line shape exhibits several new structures, thereby offering an input for a future coupled-channel analysis and model tests, which are critical to understand vector charmonium-like states with masses between 4 and 5 GeV.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Measurement of Λ_{b}^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Λ Decay Parameters Using Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-} Decays.

A comprehensive study of the angular distributions in the bottom-baryon decays Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-}(h=π,K), followed by Λ_{c}^{+}→Λh^{+} with Λ→pπ^{-} or Λ_{c}^{+}→pK_{S}^{0} decays, is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9  fb^{-1} collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The decay parameters and the associated charge-parity (CP) asymmetries are measured, with no significant CP violation observed. For the first time, the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ_{c}^{+}h^{-} decay parameters are measured.

Experimental Equivalence Checking of Quantum Circuits by Nonlocality.

The quantum circuit model is the most widely used theoretical model for quantum computing. Therefore, determining whether two quantum circuits whose internal structures cannot be seen have the same functionality will be a fundamental problem in future quantum industries, which however turns out to be QMA-hard. Here, based on a photonic system we experimentally implement the equivalence checking of two unknown quantum circuits with real unitary matrix representations, where quantum nonlocality plays a key role and allows us to measure an "average-case" distance between the two quantum circuits very efficiently.

The association between preoperative lacunar infarcts and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: The primary goal was to investigate whether the presence of preoperative lacunar infarcts (LACI) was associated with postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: Patients aged ≥ 65 years from a tertiary level A hospital in China.

Preclinical evaluation of zirconium-89 labeled anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (Trodelvy) for imaging in gastric cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is overexpressed in various solid tumors and contributes to tumor progression, while its expression remains low in normal tissues. Trop2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (Trodelvy), has shown efficacy in targeting this antigen. Leveraging the enhanced specificity of ADCs, we conducted the first immunoPET imaging study of Trop2 expression in gastric cancer (GC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models using Zr-labeled Trodelvy ([Zr]Zr-DFO-Trodelvy).

Causal associations between immune cells and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis.

Extensive researches illuminate a potential interplay between immune traits and psychiatric disorders. However, whether there is the causal relationship between the two remains an unresolved question. We conducted a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization by utilizing summary data of 731 immune cell traits from genome-wide association studies (GCST90001391-GCST90002121)) and 11 psychiatric disorders including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BIP), anorexia nervosa (AN), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome (TS), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and substance use disorders (cannabis) (SUD) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC).

Molecularly imprinted hydrogels embedded with two-dimensional photonic crystals for the detection of dexamethasone/betamethasone sodium phosphate.

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP) imprinted hydrogels embedded with two-dimensional photonic crystals (2DPC) were developed as hormones-sensitive photonic hydrogel sensors with highly sensitive, selective, anti-interference and reproducible recognition capability. The DSP/BSP molecularly imprinted photonic hydrogels (denoted as DSP-MIPH and BSP-MIPH) can specifically recognize DSP/BSP by rebinding the DSP/BET molecules to nanocavities in the hydrogel network. This recognition is enabled by the similar shape, size, and binding sites of the nanocavities to the target molecules.

Formulation of Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Osthole Provides Long-Lasting Plant Protection against a Major Pest Mite.

The broader use of botanical pesticides has been limited by shorter residual activity on plants, slower onset of action, and higher costs compared with conventional pesticides. These challenges could be overcome by the development of simple, cost-effective, and long-lasting preventive nanocomposites for botanical pesticides. In this study, we successfully developed a low-cost ethyl cellulose (EC)-based delivery system for the botanical pesticide osthole (OST), designed to provide extended preventive protection against infestations.

Tranexamic dosing for major joint arthroplasty in adult patients with chronic kidney disease: A pharmacokinetic study and new dosing regimen.

Background: Tranexamic acid is an anti-fibrinolytic agent routinely used during hip and knee joint replacement surgery to minimize bleeding. Chronic kidney disease is a common chronic health problem seen among adults requiring major arthroplasty surgery. Tranexamic acid is renally cleared and may accumulate in chronic kidney disease.

Stereoselective Reaction Enabling Simultaneous Analysis of Carbon-Carbon Double-Bond Configuration and the Position of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids through UHPLC-ESI-MRM-MS.

Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are an important class of nutrients and are involved in lipid metabolism. The positions of the C=C bond and cis-trans isomerism have a significant influence on their physiological activity. However, simultaneously detecting these two structural properties has been challenging due to multiple isomers of MUFA.