Ligand guided in vivo crosslinking and affinity purification mass spectrometry for identifying membrane receptors of Tau.

Misfolded neurotoxic proteins, such as Tau protein, spread within the brain in many neurodegenerative diseases. Receptors play an important role in the recognition of spreading proteins for endocytosis. Blocking the receptors is essential to inhibit neurotoxic proteins spreading in the brain.

The invisible threat: A 30-year review of air pollution's impact on diarrhoea from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Diarrhoea remains a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years. This study aims to provide an updated assessment of diarrhoea deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: The deaths and DALYs data for diarrhoea attributable to air pollution were derived from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD).

Precise morphology control of all-organic core-shell droplets for synthesis of microencapsulated phase change materials through AC electric fields.

Hypothesis: Complex emulsions usually consist of aqueous phases, like oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) and water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w), serving foundational roles in colloid science. Oil-in-oil-oil (o/o/o) emulsions offer new avenues for non-aqueous reagents but face challenges in balancing the forces between multiple organic phases.

Experiments: In this work, we generate o/o/o emulsions by integrating an AC electric field with a double cross-junction microchannel.

Unveiling heterointerface activation effects with different titanium dioxide crystal phases for electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction.

Nitrate pollution poses severe risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) offers a promising environmental and economic solution for nitrate pollution treatment and nitrogen source recovery; however, it continues to experience limited efficiency in neutral electrolytes. This study explores the heterointerface activation effects of TiO/CuO heterogeneous catalysts with rutile (R-TiO) and anatase (A-TiO) phases and reveals that R-TiO is an active crystal phase with high nitrate reduction performance.

Long-term response mechanism of bacterial communities to chemical oxidation remediation in petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater.

The limited understanding of microbial response mechanism remains as a bottleneck to evaluate the long-term remediation effectiveness of in situ chemical oxidation in contaminated groundwater. In this study, we investigated long-term response of bacterial communities throughout five remediation stages of pre-oxidation, early-oxidation, late-oxidation, early-recovery and late-recovery. By analyzing bacterial biomass, taxa, diversity and metabolic functions, this work identified the consistently suppressed glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway and the enrichment of naphthalene degradation pathways for secondary products, suggesting persistent oxidation stress and enhanced microbial utilization of lower-molecular weight carbon sources at the oxidation and early-recovery stages.

Reconstruction of a microbial TNT deep degradation system and its mechanism for reshaping microecology.

This study is the first to use synthetic biological omics technology to analyze the molecular mechanism underlying deep degradation of TNT, to construct an artificial transformation system to create engineered Escherichia coli bacteria, and to use Bacillus subtilis as an expression host to explore the mechanism driving the reshaping of the deep degradation platform on microecology. Nitroreductase family protein, 2-oxoacid:acceptor oxidoreductase, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, monooxygenase, ring-cleaving dioxygenase, and RraA family protein significantly participated in the reduction-hydroxylation-ring opening cleavage of TNT, achieving deep transformation of TNT to produce pyruvic acid and other products that entered the cellular metabolic cycle. The key toxic metabolic pathways of TNT, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, 2,4,6-triaminotoluene, and 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene are pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.

Composition and metabolite patterns of caproic acid-producing bacteria during pH-mediated pitmud-Huangshui co-fermentation based on multi-database annotation.

The growth and metabolism of caproic acid - producing bacteria (CPBs) in the pit mud (PM) within the Huangshui (HS) are crucial for both the quality of Chinese Nongxiangxing Baijiu (NXXB) fermentation and the aging of the PM. Based on multi-database co-annotation and key affecting factors identification of CPBs, the growth and metabolites pattern of CPBs was studied through the pH-mediated PM-HS co-fermentation. CPBs in PM were mainly from Oscillospiraceae family.

Online extraction-LC-MS/MS is an alternative imaging tool for spatial-resolved metabolomics: Mint leaf as a pilot study.

An attempt was made here to a complemental analytical tool for classical MSI approach. OLE-LC-MS/MS imaging was proposed to plot the spatial-resolved metabolome through deploying mint leaf as a proof-of-concept. A dried leaf underwent chemical composition characterization using OLE-LC-Qtof-MS.

Targeting membrane integrity and imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase: Sanguinarine multifaceted approach against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen capable of readily forming biofilms, which can result in life-threatening infections involving different organs. Sanguinarine are benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids extracted from the Sanguinaria canadensis L. (Papaveraceae), which have a wide range of biological activities.

From dual nucleic acid co-extraction to co-sequencing: A highly integrated next-generation forensic DNA and RNA sequencing experimental workflow.

DNA and RNA markers are significant in forensic practices, such as individual and body fluid identification. However, forensic DNA and RNA markers were separately analyzed in most forensic experiments, which resulted in large amounts of sample consumption, complex procedures, and weak inter-evidence correlation. While several integrated methods based on capillary electrophoresis and next-generation sequencing technologies were reported, integrated procedures were mostly on nucleic acid co-extraction, co-electrophoresis, or co-sequencing, and the number and type of markers co-tested were limited.

Preterm Neonates Exhibit a "Catch-Up" Pattern in Motor Development During the Neonatal Period: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

Background: Preterm infants are at high risk for subsequent neurodevelopmental disability. Early developmental characterization of brain and neurobehavioral function is critical for identifying high-risk infants. This study aimed to elucidate the early evolution of sensorimotor function in preterm neonates by exploring postnatal age-related changes in the brain white matter (WM) and neurobehavioral abilities.

Squaramide-Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich/Hemiketalization Retro-Henry Cascade Reaction of -Hydroxy-α-Aminosulfones with α-Nitroketones.

A concise and efficient asymmetric Mannich/hemiketalization/retro-Henry cascade reaction between -hydroxy-α-aminosulfones and α-nitroketones was developed by utilizing a cinchona-derived bifunctional squaramide catalyst. This methodology provided access to β-nitro-substituted amino compounds with up to 95% yield and >99% ee. The practicality was demonstrated by scale-up and diverse derivatizations, including the synthesis of imidazolidinone and amino acid analogs.

Accurate operando measurement of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs channel temperature and optimization of thermal design.

The accurate estimation of the temperature distribution of the GaN based power devices and optimization of the device structure is of great significance to possibly solve the self-heating problem, which hinders the further enhancement of the device performances. We present here the operando temperature measurement with high spatial resolution using Raman spectroscopy of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different device structures and explore the optimization of the device thermal design accordingly. The lateral and depth temperature distributions of the single-finger HEMT were characterized.

Effectiveness of Different Intervention Modes in Lifestyle Intervention for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and the Reversion to Normoglycemia in Adults With Prediabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Lifestyle interventions have been acknowledged as effective strategies for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the accessibility of conventional face-to-face interventions is often limited. Digital health intervention has been suggested as a potential solution to overcome the limitation.

First-Line Mobocertinib Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III EXCLAIM-2 Trial.

Purpose: Mobocertinib is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This open-label, phase III trial (EXCLAIM-2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129502) compared mobocertinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of ex20ins+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Direct Assembly of Grooved Micro/Nanofibrous Aerogel for High-Performance Thermal Insulation via Electrospinning.

Maintaining human body temperature in both high and low-temperature environments is fundamental to human survival, necessitating high-performance thermal insulation materials to prevent heat exchange with the external environment. Currently, most fibrous thermal insulation materials are characterized by large weight, suboptimal thermal insulation, and inferior mechanical and waterproof performance, thereby limiting their effectiveness in providing thermal protection for the human body. In this study, lightweight, waterproof, mechanically robust, and thermal insulating polyamide-imide (PAI) grooved micro/nanofibrous aerogels were efficiently and directly assembled by electrospinning.

The first ornithocheiromorph humerus from Wuerho (Urho), China, with a new isotopic age of the Tugulu Group.

Pterosaur remains are rare from the lowermost Cretaceous, hampering our understanding of the taxonomic and morphological diversities of pterosaurs during this period. The Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group in Wuerho, China is renowned for hosting the Wuerho Pterosaurian Fauna (WPF), which has so far yielded numerous fossil remains of two dsungaripterid pterosaurs, Dsungaripterus weii and Noripterus complicidens. Here we report a partial ornithocheiromorph humerus from the WPF, representing a deeply divergent clade from Dsungaripteridae.

Inferring the genetic relationships between unsupervised deep learning-derived imaging phenotypes and glioblastoma through multi-omics approaches.

This study aimed to investigate the genetic association between glioblastoma (GBM) and unsupervised deep learning-derived imaging phenotypes (UDIPs). We employed a combination of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), and scPagwas (pathway-based polygenic regression framework) methods to explore the genetic links between UDIPs and GBM. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to identify causal relationships between UDIPs and GBM.

SnRK2 kinases sense molecular crowding and form condensates to disrupt ABI1 inhibition.

Plants sense and respond to hyperosmotic stress via quick activation of sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2). Under unstressed conditions, the protein phosphatase type 2C (PP2C) in clade A interact with and inhibit SnRK2s in subgroup III, which are released from the PP2C inhibition via pyrabactin resistance 1-like (PYL) abscisic acid receptors. However, how SnRK2s are released under osmotic stress is unclear.

Exploring the boundary of quantum correlations with a time-domain optical processor.

Contextuality is a hallmark feature of the quantum theory that captures its incompatibility with any noncontextual hidden-variable model. The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-type paradoxes are proofs of contextuality that reveal this incompatibility with deterministic logical arguments. However, the GHZ-type paradox whose events can be included in the fewest contexts and that brings the strongest nonclassicality remains elusive.

Massively parallel Hong-Ou-Mandel interference based on independent soliton microcombs.

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is the foundation of quantum optics to test the degree of indistinguishability of two incoming photons, playing a key role in quantum communication, sensing, and photonic quantum computing. Realizing high-visibility HOM interference with massively parallel optical channels is challenging due to the lack of available natural optical references for aligning independent arrayed laser pairs. Here, we demonstrate 50 parallel comb-teeth pairs of continuous-wave weak coherent photons HOM interference using two independently frequency post-aligned soliton microcombs (SMCs), achieving an average fringe visibility over 46%.

Hamiltonian learning for 300 trapped ion qubits with long-range couplings.

Quantum simulators with hundreds of qubits and engineerable Hamiltonians have the potential to explore quantum many-body models that are intractable for classical computers. However, learning the simulated Hamiltonian, a prerequisite for any quantitative applications of a quantum simulator, remains an outstanding challenge due to the fast increasing time cost with the qubit number and the lack of high-fidelity universal gate operations in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era. Here, we demonstrate the Hamiltonian learning of a two-dimensional ion trap quantum simulator with 300 qubits.

Century-long West Antarctic snow accumulation changes induced by tropical teleconnections.

Ice core measurements reveal dipole-like snow accumulation trends over West Antarctica throughout the 20th century, with an increase of >2000 billion metric tons over the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land but a decrease of ~500 billion metric tons over Marie Byrd Land. Although atmospheric teleconnections were frequently revealed, linking variability between tropics and higher latitudes on interannual and decadal timescales, centennial-scale teleconnection is absent from literature. Here, using statistical analysis and numerical experiments, we reveal that changes of tropical oceans throughout the 20th century drive the long-term Antarctic snowfall trend.

Room-temperature continuous-wave pumped exciton polariton condensation in a perovskite microcavity.

Microcavity exciton polaritons (polaritons) as part-light part-matter quasiparticles garner considerable attention for Bose-Einstein condensation at elevated temperatures. Recently, halide perovskites have emerged as promising room-temperature polaritonic platforms because of their large exciton binding energies and superior optical properties. However, currently, inducing room-temperature nonequilibrium polariton condensation in perovskite microcavities requires optical pulsed excitations with high excitation densities.

Calcination-Induced Tight Nano-Heterointerface for Highly Effective Eradication of Rib Fracture-Related Infection by Near-Infrared Irradiation.

Rib fracture-related infection is a challenging complication of thoracic trauma due to the difficulty of treating it with antibiotics alone and the need for a second operation to remove the infected fixator and sterilize the surrounding infected tissue. In this study, inspired by the photocatalytic performance of and ion release from silver-based materials, including AgPO and AgS, a hybrid AgPO-AgS heterojunction was prepared based on anion exchange and a one-step calcination process to design a nonantibiotic coating aimed at preventing and treating rib fracture-related infection with short-term 808 nm near-infrared irradiation. Calcination at 250 °C enhanced the inductive effect of the phosphate radical and led to the formation of a tight nanoheterogeneous interface between AgPO and AgS, thereby promoting interfacial electron transfer and reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers.