Comparative Dosing of Adjunctive Corticosteroids Therapy for Pneumonia with ARDS in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patients.

Background: Adjuvant corticosteroids are effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated pneumonia (PCP) patients, but the effectiveness of adjuvant corticosteroids in non-HIV PCP remained controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of standard-dose compared with low-dose steroids in non-HIV PCP patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: This retrospective observational study included non-HIV PCP patients with ARDS admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from 2015 to 2022.

One-Pot and Gram-Scale Synthesis of Fe-Based Nanozymes with Tunable O Activation Pathway and Specificity Between Associated Enzymatic Reactions.

Nanozymes have recently gained attention for their low cost and high stability. However, unlike natural enzymes, they often exhibit multiple enzyme-like activities, complicating their use in selective bioassays. Since HO and O are common substrates in these reactions, controlling their activation-and thus reaction specificity-is crucial.

Development of RT-dPCR method and reference material for rotavirus G3P8 and G9P8.

The rotavirus (RV) is the predominant causative pathogen associated with acute gastroenteritis in children aged below 5 years, leading to an annual mortality rate of 200,000 infants globally. Despite the development of a vaccine, it exacerbates the medical burden around the world. Here, we have developed reverse transcription digital PCR (RT-dPCR) methods for precise and absolute quantification of nucleic acid in rotavirus G3P8 and G9P8.

High-throughput single-cell metabolites profiling reveals metabolic reprogramming confers cisplatin resistance in lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Platinum-containing two-drug regimens are the standard first-line chemotherapeutic regimen, but acquired resistance remains a major challenge. Cancer cells can evolve and adapt to therapeutic stress by reprogramming their metabolism and passing on drug resistance to neighboring drug-sensitive cancer cells through cell-to-cell interactions.

In situ carbon isotopic analyses of magnesium-rich carbonates by LA-MC-ICP-MS at low mass resolution using an iterative isobaric interference correction.

Accurate in situ carbon isotopic measurements of magnesium-rich carbonates using LA-MC-ICP-MS require effective correction for isobaric interference, particularly from doubly charged Mg ions that can induce δC deviations of several permil. This study focuses on optimizing gas parameters and developing robust correction strategies to improve the accuracy of δC measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 4-6 mL/min effectively doubles signal sensitivity while optimizing low helium (0.

Mitochondrial transplantation rescues Ca homeostasis imbalance and myocardial hypertrophy in SLC25A3-related hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

SLC25A3 encodes mitochondrial phosphate carrier (PiC), which is involved in inorganic phosphate transport. Clinical reports have found that most patients with homozygous or complex heterozygous mutations in SLC25A3 exhibit lactic acidosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and premature death. However, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear.

Evolving Emulsion Microcompartments via Enzyme-Mimicking Amyloid-Mediated Interfacial Catalysis.

Living organisms take in matter and energy from their surroundings, transforming these inputs into forms that cells can use to sustain metabolism and power various functions. A significant advancement in the development of protocells and life-like materials has been the creation of cell-like microcompartments capable of evolving into higher-order structures characterized by hierarchy and complexity. In this study, a smart emulsion system is designed to digests chemical substrates and generates organic or inorganic products, driving the self-organization and structuration of microcompartments.

Highly Dispersed AuCu Nanoparticles Confined in Zr-MOFs for Efficient Methanol Synthesis from CO Hydrogenation.

Making use of novel materials to develop efficient catalysts is one of the research hotspots for CO hydrogenation to methanol. Herein, UiO-66, a typical Zr-MOF, was modified by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) to serve as a substrate for the synthesis of AuCu bimetallic catalysts. The resultant AuCu@UiO-66-EDTA catalyst exhibited a superior methanol production rate, which delivered a high space-time yield of methanol (3.

Second-Shell Coordination Environment Modulation for MnN Active Sites by Oxygen Doping to Boost Oxygen Reduction Performance.

As a category of transition metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts, Mn-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) are considered as promising non-precious metal catalysts for stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their Fenton-inactive character (versus Fe) and more abundant earth reserves (versus Ni, Co). However, their ORR activity is unsatisfactory. Besides, the structure-activity relationship via tuning the coordination environment of the second coordination shell for transition metal single sites is still elusive.

Individual Variability in the Structural Connectivity Architecture of the Human Brain.

The human brain exhibits high degree of individual variability in both its structure and function, which underlies inter-subject differences in cognition and behavior. It was previously shown that functional connectivity is more variable in the hetero-modal association cortex but less variable in the unimodal cortices. Structural connectivity is the anatomical substrate of functional connectivity, but the spatial and temporal patterns of individual variability in structural connectivity (IVSC) remain largely unknown.

Microbial Synthesis of Nucleosides: Advances and Prospects.

Nucleosides and its derivatives are essential chemicals with extensive applications in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. Chemical synthesis of these compounds often faces problems such as harsh reaction conditions and environmental pollution, whereas microbial synthesis provides a promising and sustainable alternative. This review discusses recent advances in the biosynthesis of nucleosides and their derivatives.

The cGAS-STING/PERK-eIF2α: Individual or Potentially Collaborative Signaling Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Over the past several decades, a canonical pathway called the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) mediating type I interferon (IFN) release via TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1) / IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) pathway has been widely investigated and characterized. Unexpectedly, recent studies show that the cGAS-STING noncanonically activates the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), an essential branch of unfolded protein response (UPR), even before the activation of the TBK1/IRF3 signaling. Additionally, we found that the PERK could regulate the STING signaling besides being modulated by upstream cGAS-STING.

Erratum to "Phenylalanine deprivation inhibits multiple myeloma progression by perturbing endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis" [Acta Pharm Sin B 14 (2024) 3493-3512].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.

Eco-friendly fabrication of a delignified wood‑calcium alginate aerogel with improved mechanical properties for efficient thermal insulation and flame retardancy.

Wood based composites with low density and great flame retardancy are increasingly required as sustainable and low-carbon building materials for energy conservation. In this work, the symbiosis between bio-based calcium alginate (CaA) and delignified wood was fabricated to form delignified wood-CaA aerogel composites. The density of the delignified wood@CaA sample was dropped to only 89 kg/m from 120 kg/m of the control wood.

NIR-II Ratiometric Optical Theranostic Capsule for Diagnosis and Precise Therapy of Intestinal Inflammation.

Capsules were widely used in clinical settings for the oral delivery of various drugs, although it remains challenging to trace real-time drug release behavior and adjust dosages based on the therapeutic effect. To address these issues, we developed theranostic capsules that loaded two kinds of fluorescence nanoparticles, HO-responsive Janus Ag/AgS nanoparticles (Ag/AgS JNPs) and the downconversion nanoparticles (DCNPs), and the dexamethasone (Dex) drug. The Ag/AgS JNPs exhibit a highly sensitive fluorescence (FL) signal at 1250 nm in response to HO, while the FL signal from the DCNPs at 1550 nm remains stable under physiological conditions.

Satellite-Based Monitoring of Methane Emissions from China's Rice Hub.

Rice cultivation is one of the major anthropogenic methane sources in China and globally. However, accurately quantifying regional rice methane emissions is often challenging due to highly heterogeneous emission fluxes and limited measurement data. This study attempts to address this issue by quantifying regional methane emissions from rice cultivation with a high-resolution inversion of satellite methane observations from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI).

Topological regulation in polysilsesquioxanes for achieving super-hard and flexible membranes: insights from molecular simulation.

Cage-like and ladder-like polysilsesquioxane, named EPOSS and ELPSQ, were synthesized and employed as precursors to develop a UV-curable membrane exhibiting remarkable hardness, superior flexibility, exceptional transparency and excellent friction resistance. Nanoindentation analysis demonstrates that the precise control of the Silicane molecular frameworks by adding a small quantity of EPOSS to ELPSQ can significantly enhance the hardness of the membranes. The resulting hardness value reaches a record 1.

Understanding Healthcare Personnel's Perceptions About Reducing Low-Value Care: A Scoping Review.

Objective: To systematically and comprehensively search the studies describing healthcare personnel's perceptions about reducing low-value care.

Design: Scoping review.

Methods: Evidence sources included PubMed, ProQuest and CINAHL databases from inception to 13th September 2023, along with grey literature, expert suggestions and reference lists from the included articles.

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1-mediated dephosphorylation and degradation of Dusp1 disrupt mitochondrial quality control and exacerbate endotoxemia-induced myocardial dysfunction.

Endotoxemia, caused by lipopolysaccharides, triggers systemic inflammation and myocardial injury by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. This study examines the roles of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (Dusp1) and phosphoglycerate mutase family member 1 (Pgam1) in this process. This study utilized cardiomyocyte-specific knockout ( ) and transgenic ( ) mice, alongside knockout ( ) mice, subjected to LPS-induced endotoxemia.

Ultra-Long Lifespan Aqueous Zinc-Iodine Batteries Enabled by a Defect-Rich Covalent Triazine Framework.

Aqueous Zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs) are widely viewed as promising energy storage devices due to their high energy density and intrinsic safety. However, they encounter great challenges such as grievous polyiodides shuttle and sluggish iodine (I) redox reaction kinetics, thus undesirable cycling performance. Here a high-performance ZIB with an ultra-long lifespan is reported through the rational I cathode catalyst design.

Redesigning Berberines and Sanguinarines to Target Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase for Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy.

Amino-berberine has remained underexplored due to limited biological evaluation and total synthesis approaches. In inflammation therapy, soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) is a promising target, yet natural scaffolds remain underutilized. Our study advances the field by redesigning natural compounds─berberine and sanguinarine─with strategic urea modifications and hydrogenated frameworks, creating novel sEH inhibitors with enhanced efficacy.