RUL forecasting for wind turbine predictive maintenance based on deep learning.

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is increasingly pursued to reduce wind farm operation and maintenance costs by accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) and strategically scheduling maintenance. However, the remoteness of wind farms often renders current methodologies ineffective, as they fail to provide a sufficiently reliable advance time window for maintenance planning, limiting PdM's practicality. This study introduces a novel deep learning (DL) methodology for future-RUL forecasting.

Integrated optical probing scheme enabled by localized-interference metasurface for chip-scale atomic magnetometer.

Emerging miniaturized atomic sensors such as optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have attracted widespread interest due to their application in high-spatial-resolution biomagnetism imaging. While optical probing systems in conventional OPMs require bulk optical devices including linear polarizers and lenses for polarization conversion and wavefront shaping, which are challenging for chip-scale integration. In this study, an integrated optical probing scheme based on localized-interference metasurface for chip-scale OPM is developed.

Ultra-compact and high-precision differential detection method based on liquid crystal polarization grating for miniature atomic magnetometer.

Atomic magnetometers (AMs) that use alkali vapors, such as rubidium, are among the most sensitive sensors for magnetic field measurement. They commonly use polarization differential detection to mitigate common-mode noise. Nevertheless, traditional differential detection optics, including polarization beam splitters (PBS) and half-wave plates, are typically bulky and large, which restricts further reductions in sensor dimensions.

Impaired Attention in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Preliminary Study of Behavior Combined with Neuroelectrophysiology.

Objective: To investigate how attention is affected in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using the attention network test (ANT) combined with event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency analysis.

Methods: Eighty-seven children aged 6-11 years with symptoms of snoring or mouth breathing during sleep were recruited from the Sleep Center of Beijing Children's Hospital from May to July, 2023. All participants completed the Mini-mental State Examination and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder rating scale.

Cascade Design and Facile Fabrication of Cu/CuO/CuAl-Layered Double Hydroxides as Efficient Nitrate Reduction Electrocatalysts.

Nitrate (NO¯) reduction reaction (NITRR) presents a promising pathway for the production of renewable NH while concurrently decontaminating NO¯ wastewater. However, the multi-electron transfer sequence and complex reaction network involved in NO¯ conversion pose significant challenges to achieving high Faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, this work presents ternary Cu/CuO/CuAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) catalysts designed through a cascade approach and synthesized via a straightforward one-step electrodeposition method.

An in vitro experimental study on the synergistic pathogenicity analysis of pulsatile tinnitus involving venous flow velocity, sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence and sinus malformation.

Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is synchronous with patients' heartbeat, with various reported intracranial etiologies. Sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence (SSWD), sinus malformation and high venous flow velocity were common marks of PT and were generally treated as independent etiology in clinic, but their coupling effect remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic pathogenicity of these etiologies.

Nuclear Structure of Dripline Nuclei Elucidated through Precision Mass Measurements of ^{23}Si, ^{26}P, ^{27,28}S, and ^{31}Ar.

Using the Bρ-defined isochronous mass spectrometry technique, we report the first determination of the ^{23}Si, ^{26}P, ^{27}S, and ^{31}Ar masses and improve the precision of the ^{28}S mass by a factor of 11. Our measurements confirm that these isotopes are bound and fix the location of the proton dripline in P, S, and Ar. We find that the mirror energy differences of the mirror-nuclei pairs ^{26}P-^{26}Na, ^{27}P-^{27}Mg, ^{27}S-^{27}Na, ^{28}S-^{28}Mg, and ^{31}Ar-^{31}Al deviate significantly from the values predicted assuming mirror symmetry.

How do drivers perceive collision risk? A quantitative exploration in generalized two-dimensional scenarios.

Driving behavior is crucial in shaping traffic dynamics and serves as the foundation for safe and efficient autonomous driving. Despite the widespread interest in driving behavior modeling, existing models often focus on specific behaviors and cannot describe all types of vehicle movements, while vehicle status and driving scenarios are dynamic and infinite. That means comprehending and modeling generalized driving behavior mechanisms is essential.

Differences between two maximal principal strain rate calculation schemes in traumatic brain analysis with in-vivo and in-silico datasets.

Brain deformation caused by a head impact leads to traumatic brain injury (TBI). The maximum principal strain (MPS) was used to measure the extent of brain deformation and predict injury, and the recent evidence has indicated that incorporating the maximum principal strain rate (MPSR) and the product of MPS and MPSR, denoted as MPS × SR, enhances the accuracy of TBI prediction. However, ambiguities have arisen about the calculation of MPSR.

Spinless topological chirality from Umklapp scattering in twisted 3D structures.

Spinless systems exhibit unique topological characteristics compared to spinful ones, stemming from their distinct algebra. Without chiral interactions typically linked to spin, an intriguing yet unexplored interplay between topological and structural chirality may be anticipated. Here we discover spinless topological chiralities solely from structural chiralities that lie in the 3D spatial patterning of structureless units, exemplified using two types of twisted graphite systems.

Stretchable Multimodal Photonic Sensor for Wearable Multiparameter Health Monitoring.

Stretchable sensors that can conformally interface with the skins for wearable and real-time monitoring of skin deformations, temperature, and sweat biomarkers offer critical insights for early disease prediction and diagnosis. Integration of multiple modalities in a single stretchable sensor to simultaneously detect these stimuli would provide a more comprehensive understanding of human physiology, which, however, has yet to be achieved. Here, this work reports, for the first time, a stretchable multimodal photonic sensor capable of simultaneously detecting and discriminating strain deformations, temperature, and sweat pH.

The challenges and strategies towards high-performance anode-free post-lithium metal batteries.

With the merits of high theoretical energy density and ease of manufacture, anode-free post-lithium metal batteries have drawn extensive attention and have been rapidly emerging in recent years. However, the poor reversibility of metal anodes has severely hindered the realization of high-performance anode-free batteries. In this review, the critical challenges and strategies for achieving high-performance anode-free metal batteries are first elucidated.

Sub-Nanometer Pt Nanowires with Disordered Shells for Highly Active Elelctrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid.

Controlled synthesis of one-dimensional materials at atomic-scale dimensions represents a milestone in nanotechnology, offering the potential to maximize atom utilization while enhancing catalytic performance. However, achieving structural stability and durability at such fine scales requires precise control over material structure and local chemical environment. Here, we introduce dimethylamine (DMA) as a small-molecule modifier, in contrast to conventional long-chain surfactants, to interact with surface Pt atoms.

Epidural electrical stimulation combined with photobiomodulation restores hindlimb motor function in rats with thoracic spinal cord injury.

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) could restore motor function of paralyzed limbs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, its invasiveness limits its application in early stage of injury. Photobiomodulation (PBM) utilizes infrared light for percutaneous irradiation of the spinal cord to protect nerve tissue, delay muscle atrophy, and can be applied in early stage of SCI due to its non-invasiveness.

Long-Term Outcomes of Stenting for Pulsatile Tinnitus Caused by Cerebral Venous Sinus Stenosis.

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes of stenting for isolated pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by cerebral venous sinus stenosis.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital.

A density functional theory study of two-dimensional bismuth selenite: layer-dependent electronic, transport and optical properties with spin-orbit coupling.

Recently, atomic-thickness van der Waals (vdW) layered bismuth selenite (BiSeO) has been successfully synthesized, not only expanding the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, but also playing a pivotal role in the advancement of 2D electronics as a high- dielectric. In this work, we systematically study the basic properties of 2D BiSeO through first-principles calculations, focusing on the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect and layer-dependent behaviors. The results show that SOC can adjust the bandgap of bulk/2D BiSeO from direct to indirect, with the bandgap decreasing upon increasing the thickness due to quantum confinement.

Multistage Generation Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species and Reactive Chlorine Species in a Synergistic System of Anodic Oxidation Coupled with in Situ Free Chlorine and HO Production.

Electro-oxidation (EO) is an efficient approach to removing refractory organics in wastewater. However, the interference from chlorine ions (Cl) can generate reactive chlorine species (RCS), potentially leading to the production of undesirable chlorinated byproducts. A novel approach involving the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for in situ HO production has emerged as a promising strategy to counteract this issue.

Metabolic Dysfunction in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Current Theories and Updates.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease characterized by increased intracranial pressure (ICP) without identifiable secondary causes. While the increased ICP is a critical diagnostic feature, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Previous theories have suggested cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overproduction, impaired reabsorption, or circulatory obstruction as potential causes.

Mechanics of elliptical interlocking sutures in biological interfaces.

Biological materials, such as beetle elytra and bird beaks, exhibit complex interfaces with diverse morphologies that have evolved to enhance their mechanical properties. However, the relationships between their geometric forms and mechanical properties remain inadequately understood. Here, we develop a theoretical model, supported by finite element simulations and experiments, to explore the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of biological interfaces characterized by elliptical interlocking sutures.

Radiomics for differential diagnosis of Bosniak II-IV renal masses via CT imaging.

Rationale And Objectives: The management of complex renal cysts is guided by the Bosniak classification system, which may be inadequate for risk stratification of patients to determine the appropriate intervention. Radiomics models based on CT imaging may provide additional useful information.

Materials And Methods: A total of 322 patients with Bosniak II-IV cysts were included in the study from January 2010 to December 2019.

Drivers of environmental externality reduction in China's electric power industry: A spatial-temporal analysis.

China's electric power industry has made significant efforts to reduce environmental externality in the past two decades. However, the extent of the reduction, the driving factors behind it, and the regional performance are not well clarified. This study constructs a comprehensive framework that integrates the impact pathway approach with index decomposition analysis to explore the driving factors behind the reduction of environmental externality from a spatial-temporal perspective.

ω Meson from Lattice QCD.

Many excited states in the hadron spectrum have large branching ratios to three-hadron final states. Understanding such particles from first principles QCD requires input from lattice QCD with one-, two-, and three-meson interpolators as well as a reliable three-body formalism relating finite-volume spectra at unphysical pion mass values to the scattering amplitudes at the physical point. In this work, we provide the first-ever calculation of the resonance parameters of the ω meson from lattice QCD, including an update of the formalism through matching to effective field theories.