Generalizable, Reproducible, and Neuroscientifically Interpretable Imaging Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease.

Precision medicine for Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitates the development of personalized, reproducible, and neuroscientifically interpretable biomarkers, yet despite remarkable advances, few such biomarkers are available. Also, a comprehensive evaluation of the neurobiological basis and generalizability of the end-to-end machine learning system should be given the highest priority. For this reason, a deep learning model (3D attention network, 3DAN) that can simultaneously capture candidate imaging biomarkers with an attention mechanism module and advance the diagnosis of AD based on structural magnetic resonance imaging is proposed.

Friction and mechanical properties of amino-treated graphene-filled epoxy composites: modification conditions and filler content.

It remains a challenge for graphene to reach its full potential as a lubricant and wear-resistant material in thermosetting resin composites. In this study, the mechanical properties and friction properties of amino-treated graphene-filled epoxy composites, which were influenced by the conditions for the modification of graphene and filler content, were investigated. The mechanical properties were measured by tensile examination and the tribological properties were determined using a ball-on-disk tribometer.

Exploring high-energy and mechanically robust anode materials based on doped graphene for lithium-ion batteries: a first-principles study.

In this study, the adsorption of Li atoms on various types of doped graphene with substituents, including boron, nitrogen, sulfur and silicon atoms, has been theoretically investigated by first-principles calculations, based on the density functional theory. We discovered that the boron-doped graphene had a greatly enhanced Li-binding energy than those of graphene with other doped atoms as well as pristine graphene, which is helpful in preventing the Li atoms from clustering during charging. The Li atom preferred to be close to the doped B or Si atom, but farther away from the substituted N and S atoms, with different stable adsorption sites.

The synthesis of monodispersed M-CeO/SiO nanoparticles and formation of UV absorption coatings with them.

CeO/polymer nanoparticles have drawn considerable attention for their excellent UV absorption properties. However, many challenges still exist in the successful incorporation of ceria into the polymer matrix for the easy agglomeration and photocatalytic activity of CeO nanoparticles. Herein, we address these issues by constructing three-layer structured nanoparticles (M-CeO@SiO) and incorporating them into a polymer matrix through a mini-emulsion polymerization process.

Analytical modeling framework for performance degradation of PEM fuel cells during startup-shutdown cycles.

Startup-shutdown cycling is one of the main factors that contribute to fuel cell deterioration related to high cathode potential. In this study, a coupled model with the carbon corrosion model and agglomerate model of the cathode catalyst layer is built to predict performance degradation during startup-shutdown cycles. The carbon corrosion model calculates the carbon loading loss through the rate equations and material balance expressions of seven reactions, while the agglomerate model describes the catalyst layer performance according to the computed structural parameters.

Thermal effect of annealing-temperature on solution-processed high- ZrO dielectrics.

In this paper, a solution-processed zirconium oxide (ZrO) dielectric was deposited by spin coating with varying pre-annealing temperatures and post-annealing temperatures. The thermal effect of the pre-annealing and post-annealing process on the structural and electrical properties of ZrO films was investigated. The result shows that the pre-annealing process had a significant impact on the relative porosity and internal stress of ZrO film.

Long-term stably dispersed functionalized graphene oxide as an oil additive.

In oil lubrication systems, it is essential to continuously supply lubricant to the contact surface during practical applications. Herein, to realize its long-term stable dispersion in oil, graphene oxide was modified with polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBS, trade name T154), which is an effective dispersant for lubricating oils. Characterization of the T154-modified graphene oxide (GO-T154) by FTIR, XPS, and XRD revealed that the surface of the graphene platelets was covered by the T154 chains, and the dimensions of the graphene platelets had obviously decreased.

Synthesis of graphene electrochemical exfoliation in different electrolytes for direct electrodeposition of a Cu/graphene composite coating.

Directly dispersing graphene into an electrolyte still remains a crucial difficulty in electrodepositing a graphene enhanced composite coating onto electrical contact materials. Herein, graphene was synthesized electrochemical exfoliation in an ,-dimethylformamide (DMF)/HO solution containing (NH)SO. The electrochemically exfoliated graphene nanosheets (GNs) were directly dispersed by sonication.

Pressure-induced enhancement of thermoelectric power factor in pristine and hole-doped SnSe crystals.

We evaluate the influence of pressure on the thermoelectric power factors PF ≡ of pristine and Na-doped SnSe crystals by measuring their electrical conductivity () and Seebeck coefficient () up to ∼22 kbar with a self-clamped piston-cylinder cell. For both cases, () is enhanced while () reduced with increasing pressure as expected, but their imbalanced variations lead to a monotonic enhancement of PF under pressure. For pristine SnSe, (290 K) increases by ∼4 times from ∼10.

An eco-friendly route for template-free synthesis of high specific surface area mesoporous CeO powders and their adsorption for acid orange 7.

An eco-friendly route was developed for the synthesis of mesoporous CeO powders without any additional template. The original cerium precursors were separated from Ce aqueous solution by (NH)CO or NaCO a chemical precipitation method, then HO was introduced to induce the phase transformation from original cerium precursors to CeO precursors with initial porous structures, finally the crystallinities of CeO precursors were improved by a hydrothermal treatment, meanwhile the mesoporous structures of final CeO powders were formed. The BET surface areas of mesoporous CeO powders synthesized using (NH)CO and NaCO as precipitants were 106.

Degradation and biocompatibility of a series of strontium substituted hydroxyapatite coatings on magnesium alloys.

There has been a surge in the research on magnesium (Mg) alloys as a promising selection for biomaterials application. However, as a foremost drawback, the fast degradation of Mg alloys limits its clinical use. In this study, a series of Sr-HA coatings with the Sr content ranging between 10-100% were prepared on Mg alloys, in order to control the degradation and enhance the osteoblast response.

The energy band structure analysis and 2 μm Q-switched laser application of layered rhenium diselenide.

Layered rhenium diselenide (ReSe) has triggered strong interest because of its outstanding optical and electrical properties. In this paper, we prepared a high-quality multilayer ReSe saturable absorber with a liquid-phase exfoliation method and characterized its saturable absorption properties around 2 μm. During the Q-switching regime, a maximum average output power of 1.

Mechano-fluorochromic behavior of AEE polyurethane films and their high sensitivity to halogen acid gas.

Three polyurethanes with different contents of tetraaryl-buta-1,3-diene derivatives in the soft segment (STMPU-25/STMPU-50/STMPU-75) have been synthesized and found to present aggregation-enhanced emission features. The fluorescence intensity of polymer films was greatly enhanced with increasing tensile stress. Also, polyurethanes with higher aggregation-induced emission fluorogen content had stronger mechano-fluorochromic behavior in the same tension state.

Slippery Surface Based on Photoelectric Responsive Nanoporous Composites with Optimal Wettability Region for Droplets' Multifunctional Manipulation.

The development of responsive slippery surfaces is important because of the high demand for such materials in the fields of liquid manipulation on biochips, microfluidics, microreactions, and liquid-harvesting devices. Although great progress has been achieved, the effect of substrate wettability on slippery surfaces stability is overlooked by scientists. In addition, current responsive slippery surfaces generally function utilizing single external stimuli just for imprecisely controlling liquid motion, while advanced intelligences are always expected to be integrated into one smart interface material for widespread multifunctional applications.

Catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate over LaBO (B = Co, Mn, Ni, Fe) perovskites supported silver catalysts.

A series of silver catalysts supported on lanthanum based perovskites LaBO (B = Co, Mn, Ni, Fe) were synthesized and evaluated in the catalytic oxidation of ethyl acetate. XRD, BET, TEM/HRTEM, HAADF-STEM, XPS and H-TPR were conducted, and the results indicate that redox activity of the catalysts is of great importance to the oxidation reaction. Activity tests demonstrated that Ag/LaCoO was more active than the other samples in ethyl acetate oxidation.

Conversion of dilute nitrous oxide (NO) in N and N-O mixtures by plasma and plasma-catalytic processes.

A coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor has been developed for plasma and plasma-catalytic conversion of dilute NO in N and N-O mixtures at both room and high temperature (300 °C). The effects of catalyst introduction, O content and inlet NO concentration on NO conversion and the mechanism involved in the conversion of NO have been investigated. The results show that NO in N could be effectively decomposed to N and O by plasma and plasma-catalytic processes at both room and high temperature, with much higher decomposition efficiency at 300 °C than at room temperature for the same discharge power.

In Situ Atomic-Scale Study of Particle-Mediated Nucleation and Growth in Amorphous Bismuth to Nanocrystal Phase Transformation.

Understanding classical and nonclassical mechanisms of crystal nucleation and growth at the atomic scale is of great interest to scientists in many disciplines. However, fulfilling direct atomic-scale observation still poses a significant challenge. Here, by taking a thin amorphous bismuth (Bi) metal nanosheet as a model system, direct atomic resolution of the crystal nucleation and growth initiated from an amorphous state of Bi metal under electron beam inside an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope is provided.

A CO-tunable plasmonic nanosensor based on the interfacial assembly of gold nanoparticles on diblock copolymers grafted from gold surfaces.

A general stepwise strategy for the fabrication of CO-tunable plasmonic nanosensors was described for the first time, based on gold surface functionalization by CO-responsive poly(,-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) brushes a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) method, then the extremity of PDEAEMA was functionalized by linking the polyacrylamide (PAAm) brushes ATRP, where they were assembled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) efficiently by altering the deposition time. The swelling-shrinking states of the PDEAEMA brushes can be tuned just by passing CO and N through a solution alternately. The unique plasmonic surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing properties of these stimulable substrates were investigated using 4-mercaptophenol (4MPh) as a molecular probe.

Sulfur-doped mesoporous carbon thermal reduction of CS by Mg for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes and Li-ion battery anodes.

This paper demonstrates a facile method based on vapor-solid reaction between magnesium powder and carbon disulfide vapor to produce S-doped porous carbon. The property of the as-prepared carbon is tunable by varying the synthesis temperature. The sample synthesized at 600 °C shows the highest specific surface area, suitable for supercapacitor electrodes.

Self-Assembled Biomolecular 1D Nanostructures for Aqueous Sodium-Ion Battery.

Aqueous sodium-ion battery of low cost, inherent safety, and environmental benignity holds substantial promise for new-generation energy storage applications. However, the narrow potential window of water and the enlarged ionic radius because of hydration restrict the selection of electrode materials used in the aqueous electrolyte. Here, inspired by the efficient redox reaction of biomolecules during cellular energy metabolism, a proof of concept is proposed that the redox-active biomolecule alizarin can act as a novel electrode material for the aqueous sodium-ion battery.

Intrinsic structural distortion and exchange interactions in SmFe Cr O compounds.

The effect of substituting different amounts of magnetic metal Fe on the magnetic properties of SmFe Cr O (0 < < 0.5) is reported here in order to probe the relation between the structural distortion and magnetism in these materials. The structural properties of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinements, and Raman spectroscopy carried out at ambient temperature.

Preparation of reduced graphene oxide coated flaky carbonyl iron composites and their excellent microwave absorption properties.

In this study, a novel absorber with a high performance microwave absorption property was prepared by innovatively coupling flaky carbonyl iron (FCI) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets into a homogenous composite. The rGO nanosheets are tightly coated on the surface of FCI, which gives typical dielectric dispersion behavior of complex permittivity and resultantly optimizes characteristic impedance matching. Meanwhile, the introduction of rGO as a dielectric lossy material endows FCI with improved dielectric loss ability and unfading magnetic loss ability.

Porous Pt-NiO nanostructures with ultrasmall building blocks and enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the ethanol oxidation reaction.

Oxidized species on surfaces would significantly improve the electrocatalytic activity of Pt-based materials. Constructing three-dimensional porous structures would endow the catalysts with good stability. Here, we report a simple strategy to synthesize porous Pt-NiO nanostructures composed of ultrasmall (about 3.

Oxygen vacancy and doping atom effect on electronic structure and optical properties of CdSnO.

The electronic structure and optical properties of oxygen vacancy and La-doped CdSnO were calculated using the plane-wave-based pseudopotential method based on the density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The formation energy of different oxygen vacancies showed that the V oxygen vacancy was easy to obtain in experiments. The Bader charge analysis is implemented to directly observe the electron transfer and distribution for each atom.