Pulmonary Nodules After Leflunomide Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder with both articular and extra-articular manifestations, including rare pulmonary complications. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with long-standing RA who developed multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules following prolonged leflunomide therapy. Diagnostic evaluation excluded infectious, neoplastic, and autoimmune causes.

The effect of online training based on stroke educational program on patient's quality of life and caregiver's care burden: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Stroke is considered one of the leading causes of both mortality and morbidity on a global scale. The significant impact on the health and quality of life of stroke survivors and their caregivers is well-acknowledged due to the stressful consequences of dependency and the need for home care. This study aims to examine the impact of online training utilizing a stroke educational program on the patient's quality of life and their caregivers' care burden.

Determining the minimum data elements to develop a child malnutrition registry system.

Background: Today, malnutrition is one of the biggest health crises for children in the world. Access to accurate and high-quality data is very important to establish policies to deal with it. Registries are considered valuable tools for data collection and management of child malnutrition.

Androgen deprivation therapy use and the risk of heart failure in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aim: We aimed in this study to investigate the relationship between Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) use and the risk of heart failure in patients with prostate cancer. In this research, the negative or positive effects of ADT in the development of cardiovascular diseases or its exacerbation in people with prostate cancer have been investigated.

Materials And Methods: For this research, we reviewed articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until February 2024.

Development of a Thermoresponsive Core-Shell Hydrogel for Sequential Delivery of Antibiotics and Growth Factors in Regenerative Endodontics.

Background: Regenerative endodontics requires an innovative delivery system to release antibiotics/growth factors in a sequential trend. This study focuses on developing/characterizing a thermoresponsive core-shell hydrogel designed for targeted drug delivery in endodontics.

Methods: The core-shell chitosan-alginate microparticles were prepared by electrospraying to deliver bone morphogenic protein-2 for 14 days and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) for 7-14 days.

Molecular Tracking of in an Archived Spleen Sample in Iran: A Case Report.

Rodents are the primary reservoir hosts for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by . Knowing reservoir hosts is crucial for leishmaniasis surveillance and control programs in endemic areas. In this study, we examined an archived spleen of obtained during a pest control program in 2000 in Tehran, the capital of Iran.

Association between changes in thyroid hormones and incident type 2 diabetes using joint models of longitudinal and time-to-event data: more than a decade follow up in the Tehran thyroid study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a significant public health challenge, contributing to considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, which necessitates urgent preventive measures. Thyroid disorders, prevalent in many individuals, are intricately linked to metabolic health, yet studies on their relationship with T2DM yield inconsistent results-some suggesting an increased risk with abnormal thyroid hormone levels, while others indicate potential protective effects. This study investigated the association between changes in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cardiac tissue regeneration by microfluidic generated cardiac cell-laden calcium alginate microgels and mesenchymal stem cell extracted exosomes on myocardial infarction model.

Regenerative medicine is one of the effective approaches for myocardial infarcted (MI) tissue due to the low capacity of heart for regeneration. However, cell therapy with local administration has shown poor cell retention in the targeted area and limited engraftment capacity at the intended location, resulting in inadequate tissue regeneration. The present study involves mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and encapsulated cells in small and injectable calcium alginate microgels by a specialized microfluidic device to decrease inflammation and increase cell retention in the infarcted tissue.

Toxicity Effect of Hypnea flagelliformis Algae on Cancerous Mitochondria Obtained from Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recognized as one of the major public health problems and deadly malignancies worldwide. Today, the use of compounds of natural origin in the treatment of cancer and other diseases has been of interest to researchers. Marine compounds such as algae have anti-cancer effects.

The G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Related Gene Signatures for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Glioblastoma: A Deep Learning Model Using RNA-Seq Data.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive cancer in the central nervous system in glial cells. Finding novel biomarkers in GBM offers numerous advantages that can contribute to early detection, personalized treatment, improved patient outcomes, and advancements in cancer research and drug development. Integrating machine learning with RNAseq data in medicine holds significant potential for identifying novel biomarkers in various diseases, including cancer.

Adipose MSCs response to breast cancer cell-derived factors in conditioned media and extracts.

Interactions between MSCs and cancer cells are complex and multifaceted and have been shown to exhibit both pro-tumor and antitumor effects. This study investigated the effects of conditioned medium (CM) and cell extract (CE) from two different ERα statuses, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Findings showed that CM and CE increased cellular metabolic activity and viability of ASCs, upregulated angiogenic factors VEGF and HIF-1α, and cytokine TGF-β expression levels.

Explainable artificial intelligence for stroke prediction through comparison of deep learning and machine learning models.

Failure to predict stroke promptly may lead to delayed treatment, causing severe consequences like permanent neurological damage or death. Early detection using deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models can enhance patient outcomes and mitigate the long-term effects of strokes. The aim of this study is to compare these models, exploring their efficacy in predicting stroke.

Impact of saline irrigation on the early mechanical characteristics and microstructure of bone cement.

Very high heat is generated during the polymerization of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, which is used for implant fixation in orthopedic surgery. As such, it has been suggested that irrigating the bone cement layer in the surgical site with a saline solution is a way of cooling the layer. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of irrigation with a saline solution on the flexural strength and the microstructure of the test specimens of two PMMA bone cement brands: Simplex P and FIX 1.

Identification of RN7SK LncRNA as a novel biomarker in Alzheimer's disease using bioinformatics and expression analysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative illness that accounts for the common type of dementia among adults over the age of 65. Despite extensive studies on the pathogenesis of the disease, early diagnosis of AD is still debatable. In this research, we performed bioinformatics approaches on the AD-related E-MTAB 6094 dataset to uncover new potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis.

ERCPMP: an endoscopic image and video dataset for colorectal polyps morphology and pathology.

This dataset contains demographic, morphological and pathological data, endoscopic images and videos of 191 patients with colorectal polyps. Morphological data is included based on the latest international gastroenterology classification references such as Paris, Pit and JNET classification. Pathological data includes the diagnosis of the polyps including Tubular, Villous, Tubulovillous, Hyperplastic, Serrated, Inflammatory and Adenocarcinoma with Dysplasia Grade & Differentiation.

Mobile-based peer-led theoretically-designed intervention on continued breastfeeding among Iranian mothers.

Background: This study addresses the determination of educational intervention-based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-effectiveness on continued breastfeeding among Iranian mothers attending health centers, considering low researchers' attention to the continued breastfeeding index despite its important impact on children's health.

Methods: The present study was conducted among 230 mothers with exclusively breastfed infant (115 in the intervention group and 115 in the control group). Sampling starts with randomly selecting 12 health centers among all health centers in Karaj, Alborz province, and allocating them randomly into two equal groups of intervention and control.

Investigating the effect of rAzurin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles enwrapped with chitosan-folic acid on breast tumor regression in BALB/ mice.

This study aimed to examine how mesoporous silica nanoparticles-chitosan-folic acid impacted the release of recombinant Azurin within the tumor environment. The goal was to trigger apoptosis and stimulate immune responses against both transformed and normal cells in BALB/c mice. The study found that the use of rAzu-MSNs-CS-FA, a specific formulation containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles-chitosan-folic acid, resulted in pH-responsive behavior and slower release of rAzurin compared to other groups.

Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis.

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck region. Combination therapy potentially enhances the effectiveness beyond that of each treatment alone. This study aimed to assess whether photodynamic therapy (PDT), using methylene blue as a photosensitizer in conjunction with doxorubicin, produces synergistic effects on the apoptosis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.

Viral infections in celiac disease: what should be considered for better management.

Following a gluten-free diet (GFD) is known as the main effective therapy available for celiac disease (CD) patients, which in some cases is not enough to heal all patients presentations completely. Accordingly, emerging researchers have focused on finding novel therapeutic/preventive strategies for this disorder. Moreover, previous studies have shown that celiac patients, especially untreated subjects, are at increased risk of developing viral and bacterial infections, which can become a challenge for the clinician.

Sensory neuropathy in patients with Pompe disease: a case series in Iran.

Background: Pompe disease is a glycogen storage disease primarily affecting striated muscles. Despite its main manifestation in muscles, patients with Pompe disease may exhibit non-muscle symptoms, such as hearing loss, suggesting potential involvement of sensory organs or the nervous system due to glycogen accumulation.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of concomitant small and large fiber neuropathy in patients with Pompe disease.

The diagnostic value of prolactin adjustment in bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling for differentiating Cushing's disease from the ectopic ACTH syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome can arise from a pituitary tumour (Cushing's disease) or an ectopic ACTH-secreting tumour, making precise differentiation essential for effective treatment. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is the gold standard for this differentiation, but false-negative results can limit its accuracy. Adding prolactin (PRL) measurement to BIPSS has been proposed to improve diagnostic precision.

Evaluation of prehospital care for neurotrauma in Iran.

Study Design: Narrative review.

Background: Neurotrauma has a considerable impact on healthcare, the economy, and human resources worldwide. In Iran, young males are especially vulnerable, with road traffic accidents (RTAs) being the major cause.

Outcomes and complications after long versus short gastric pouch Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with severe obesity.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the second most common metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) globally. The impact of pouch size on weight loss outcomes and complications remains unclear. This study aims to compare the weight loss outcomes and complications in long pouch versus short pouch RYGB in patients with severe obesity.

The Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with reported incidences ranging from 20-70% within the first 100 days post-transplant. AKI can adversely impact outcomes and survival in this patient population.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 110 pediatric patients who underwent HSCT at Mofid Children's Hospital, affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between 2016-2021.