Heterogeneous Electron-Transfer Rates for the Reduction of Viologen Derivatives at Platinum and Bismuth Electrodes in Acetonitrile.

The standard heterogeneous rate constants for the reduction of a series of viologen derivatives with a range of inter-ring torsion angles were measured at Bi and Pt electrodes. The electrode potentials for the first one-electron reduction of the viologens vary from -684 mV to -1070 mV vs. Ag/0.