Optic Nerve Sheath Measurement on Ultrasound: A Novel Diagnostic Test for Giant Cell Arteritis.

Objective: Optic nerve sheath enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging has been reported in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), with or without visual manifestations. Whether similar findings can be documented on ultrasound is unknown. Optic nerve ultrasound is a point-of-care, easy to learn, rapid, and noninvasive technique.

Ocular Pigmentation Impact on Retinal Versus Choroidal Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Preterm Infants.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of fundus pigmentation with the visibility of retinal versus choroidal layers on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in preterm infants.

Methods: For infants enrolled in BabySTEPS, ophthalmologists recorded fundus pigmentation (blond, medium, or dark) at the first retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examination. Bedside OCT imaging was performed at each examination, and a masked grader evaluated all OCT scans from both eyes of each infant for visibility (yes/no) of all retinal layers and of the chorio-scleral junction (CSJ).

Optic Nerve Ultrasound Evaluation in Children: A Review.

Managing patients with neurocritical illness requires monitoring and treating elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), especially in cases in children. In terms of precise and real-time measurements, invasive ICP measurements are presently the gold standard for the initial diagnosis and follow-up ICP assessments. As a rapid and non-invasive way to detect elevated ICP, point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been proposed.

Online Learning versus Hands-On Learning of Basic Ocular Ultrasound Skills: A Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial.

Background and objectives: Ocular ultrasound is a core application of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to assist physicians in promptly identifying various ocular diseases at the bedside; however, hands-on POCUS training is challenging during a pandemic. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted in an academic emergency department from October 2020 to April 2021. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups.

Minute Zero: an essential assessment in peri-operative ultrasound for anaesthesia.

In recent years, ultrasonography has gained unmatched importance in medical practice. After the initial use for central vascular access placement and regional anaesthesia, its application has expanded to airway, ocular, abdominal, lung and cardiac ultrasound, with the concept of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) gaining acceptability and applicability in the most diverse situations. In fact, it has recently been acclaimed as the fifth pillar to bedside evaluation [1].

Ultrasound virtual skills based workshop: An African experience in the COVID era.

Telemedicine has emerged as a valuable tool for medical training, now more than ever. It involves exchanging healthcare or healthcare information digitally across large distances. This form of teaching has become more common due to significant advances in communication technology and increased access to the internet at more affordable costs.

Development and evaluation of the focused assessment of sonographic pathologies in the intensive care unit (FASP-ICU) protocol.

Background: The use of ultrasonography in the intensive care unit (ICU) is steadily increasing but is usually restricted to examinations of single organs or organ systems. In this study, we combine the ultrasound approaches the most relevant to ICU to design a whole-body ultrasound (WBU) protocol. Recommendations and training schemes for WBU are sparse and lack conclusive evidence.

Diagnosis of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in the Emergency Department Using POCUS: A Case Series.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion is a cause of vision loss that warrants emergent evaluation. Ocular Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is a non-invasive, inexpensive, and rapid modality to establish diagnosis with reduced time to consultation and treatment. This was a retrospective case series of patients evaluated at seven hospitals with diagnosis of CRAO over a two-year period.

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter: Correlation With Intra-Ventricular Intracranial Measurements in Predicting Dysfunctional Intracranial Compliance.

Background Ultrasonographic (USG) measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been proposed as a non-invasive, bedside method to detect raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in various clinical settings. We aimed to correlate the ONSD obtained from ultrasonography with the gold standard, intraventricular ICP, and to find out the cut-off point which predicts ICP accurately at different levels. Methodology A prospective double-blind study was carried out by performing ocular ultrasounds in 30 adult patients with features of intracranial hypertension.

Dynamic Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) guided management of raised intracranial pressure in pediatric acute liver failure.

Background And Aims: The objectives were to evaluate the role of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) to detect raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF), study the variations in ONSD with ICP-lowering measures and to evaluate its prognostic role.

Methods: PALF with clinical evidence of raised ICP were enrolled as cases, while those without raised ICP were control group A. ONSD was measured at admission and repeated regularly.

A Unique Case of Valsalva Retinopathy: Preretinal Hemorrhage Identified on Bedside Ultrasound.

Background: Emergency physicians frequently evaluate patients with vision changes. The differential for this chief symptom is broad. We present a unique cause of a fixed scotoma that started while the patient was running sprints.

Bedside sonographic measurements of optic nerve sheath diameter in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Background: Bedside sonographic assessment of the optic nerve sheath has gained popularity for evaluating intracranial pressure in recent years.

Objective: To investigate the bedside sonographic measurements of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and ONSD/eyeball diameter ratios, which are related with cerebral edema (CE), in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) before and after treatment.

Methods: Children aged 12 months to 18 years, who were diagnosed with DKA were included.

Sonographic Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Following Seizure Prophylaxis in Pre-Eclamptic Parturients With Severe Features: A Prospective, Observational Study.

Objectives: Neurological manifestations, including raised intracranial pressures, are a hallmark of worsening pre-eclampsia. Invasive methods for measuring intracranial pressure, though a gold standard, are not always a viable option. Maternal ocular sonography is a promising bedside tool, which serves as a noninvasive, cost-effective means for measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), a surrogate marker of raised intracranial pressures.

Evaluation of Bedside Sonographic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Assessment of Raised Intracranial Pressure in Adult Head Trauma Patients.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the use of bedside sonographic measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in the assessment of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with head injury coming to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: A prospective study of ED patients presenting with a history of acute head injury, an ocular ultrasound was performed for ONSD measurement, followed by a computed tomography (CT) of the brain. Three measurements were taken for each eye, then, the mean binocular ONSD measurement for each patient was obtained to ensure accuracy.

Emergency Ocular Ultrasound - Common Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Emergencies Diagnosed with Bedside Ultrasound.

Point-of-care ocular ultrasound (POCOUS) in the ambulatory and critical care setting has become an invaluable diagnostic tool for patients presenting with traumatic or atraumatic vision and ocular complaints. Sonographic bedside evaluation is intuitive and easy to perform and can accurately diagnose a variety of pathologies. These include detachment or hemorrhage of the retina or vitreous, lens dislocation, retrobulbar hematoma or air, as well as ocular foreign bodies, infections, tumors, and increased optic nerve sheath diameter that can be assessed in the setting of suspected increased intracranial pressure.

Orbital Compartment Syndrome without Evidence of Orbital Mass or Ocular Compression After Pterional Craniotomy for Removal of Meningioma of the Frontal Lobe: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is a rare post operative complication of Neurosurgery. It presents typically acutely with loss of vision, loss of pupillary reaction, and limitation of extraocular movement. The etiology of OCS is most typically associated with increased pressure from a mass lesion in the orbit compromising the blood supply of orbital structures.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Acutely Painful Red Eye.

Background: Visual loss, ocular pain, and red eye are common presentations to front-line physicians in the emergency department, urgent care centers, or the primary care office. In recent decades, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been used by clinicians at the bedside in the evaluation and management of a vast array of patients, including those with ocular complaints.

Case Report: A 33-year-old man presented to the emergency department with left eye pain for 4 weeks' duration.

Diagnosis of Traumatic Eye Injuries With Point-of-Care Ocular Ultrasonography in the Emergency Department.

Study Objective: Traumatic eye injuries are common emergency department presentations worldwide, and diagnosis may be delayed because of concurrent injuries and lack of guidelines in regard to the utility of clinical examination, computed tomography (CT), and point-of-care ultrasonography. In this study, we compare point-of-care ultrasonography with ophthalmologist clinical examination and CT for 6 types of traumatic eye injury.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study evaluating patients with suspected traumatic eye injury who were recruited at an academic medical center in Tabriz, Iran.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: An Uncommon Cause of Papilledema on Bedside Ocular Ultrasound.

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare, difficult-to-diagnose form of venous thromboembolic disease and is considered a type of stroke. Its presentation is highly variable and may be easily confused for more common and less debilitating or life-threatening diagnoses such as migraine, seizure, or idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Case Report: A 25-year-old woman presented with a complaint of bifrontal throbbing headache and blurry vision.

Elevated Optic Disc Height and Increased Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter on Bedside Ultrasound in a Pediatric Patient With Orbital Cellulitis: More Than Meets the Eye.

Background: Orbital cellulitis is an uncommon ophthalmological emergency in children, but rapid emergency department (ED) diagnosis is essential.

Case Report: A 13-year-old boy presented to our pediatric ED with left orbital cellulitis secondary to pansinusitis. Emergency bedside ocular ultrasonography was used to evaluate and expedite his management.

The value of bedside ocular ultrasound assessment of optic nerve sheath diameter in the detection of increased intracranial pressure in patients presenting to the emergency room with headache.

Introduction: Headache is one of the most important complaints in emergency room (ER) admissions, and the rate of the increase in intracranial pressure in these cases should not be overlooked. This study was performed to investigate the value of the measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by ocular ultrasound in ER patients with the complaint of headache and increase in intracranial pressure regarding this.

Materials And Methods: : A total of 100 patients who applied to the ER with the complaint of headache were included in this prospective study.

Ultrasonographic Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter as a Surrogate Measure of Raised Intracranial Pressure in Severe Pregnancy-induced Hypertension Patients.

Context: It is a well-known fact that severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) can be disastrous at times as it can cause a lot of complications to both pregnant women and her baby. Hence, it is always desirable to know the extent of severity by a real-time and easily accessible modality like ultrasound.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia patients using ocular ultrasonography with optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement.

Bedside optical coherence tomography for Terson's syndrome screening in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pilot study.

Objective: Approximately 10% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) become permanently, legally blind. The average cost of lifetime support and unpaid taxes for each blind person amounts to approximately $900,000. This study evaluates the feasibility and potential role of bedside optical coherence tomography (OCT) in Terson’s syndrome (TS) in patients with acute SAH (aSAH) and its potential role in blindness prevention.