5,595 results match your criteria: "Beckman Research institute[Affiliation]"

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that confers anti-tumorigenic properties in prostate cells. Serum vitamin D deficiency has been associated with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), particularly affecting African American (AA) men. Therefore, elucidating the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D on signaling pathways, essential to maintaining non-malignancy, may provide additional drug targets to mitigate disparate outcomes for men with PCa, especially AA men.

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Reversal of diabetes by an oral Salmonella-based vaccine in acute and progressive diabetes in NOD mice.

PLoS One

May 2024

Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated hyperglycemia develops, in part, from loss of insulin-secreting beta cells. The degree of glycemic dysregulation and the age at onset of disease can serve as indicators of the aggressiveness of the disease. Tracking blood glucose levels in prediabetic mice may demonstrate the onset of diabetes and, along with animal age, also presage disease severity.

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Crosstalk between histone/DNA modifications and RNA N-methyladenosine modification.

Curr Opin Genet Dev

June 2024

Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510005, China. Electronic address:

N-methyladenosine (mA) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), regulating gene expression at the transcription and post-transcription levels. Complex interplay between mA and other well-studied epigenetic modifications, including histone modifications and DNA modification, has been extensively reported in recent years. The crosstalk between RNA mA modification and histone/DNA modifications plays a critical role in establishing the chromatin state for the precise and specific fine-tuning of gene expression and undoubtedly has profound impacts on both physiological and pathological processes.

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Variation in DNA methylation (DNAmet) in white blood cells and other cells/tissues has been implicated in the etiology of progressive diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the specific mechanisms linking DNAmet variation in blood cells with risk of kidney failure (KF) and utility of measuring blood cell DNAmet in personalized medicine are not clear. We measured blood cell DNAmet in 277 individuals with type 1 diabetes and DKD using Illumina EPIC arrays; 51% of the cohort developed KF during 7 to 20 years of follow-up.

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Unlabelled: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus-8, is the causal agent of Kaposi sarcoma, a cancer that appears as tumors on the skin or mucosal surfaces, as well as primary effusion lymphoma and KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease, which are B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against KSHV infection and its associated diseases are needed. To develop these strategies, it is crucial to identify and target viral glycoproteins involved in KSHV infection of host cells.

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Article Synopsis
  • RNA helicases, particularly the DDX family, play essential roles in various biological processes, with DDX21 being significant for gene expression regulation and genome stability.* -
  • DDX21 contributes to DNA damage repair, interacts with transcription factors, and is involved in RNA metabolism, along with being regulated by post-translational modifications that impact its function.* -
  • The review explores DDX21's potential as a clinical marker for diseases, suggesting its use in developing new molecular therapies.*
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Article Synopsis
  • The study examined the relationship between tea and coffee consumption and the incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) using data from 15 studies.
  • Drinking tea was linked to a lower risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) and possibly intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBDC), while coffee consumption was associated with a higher risk of GBC.
  • The findings suggest that tea might be protective against certain types of BTC, whereas coffee could increase the risk of GBC, warranting further investigation into these associations.
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Structural and practical identifiability of contrast transport models for DCE-MRI.

PLoS Comput Biol

May 2024

Division of Mathematical Oncology and Computational Systems Biology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America.

Contrast transport models are widely used to quantify blood flow and transport in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. These models analyze the time course of the contrast agent concentration, providing diagnostic and prognostic value for many biological systems. Thus, ensuring accuracy and repeatability of the model parameter estimation is a fundamental concern.

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The risk of skin cancer in women who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

Hered Cancer Clin Pract

May 2024

Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background: It has not been clearly established if skin cancer or melanoma are manifestations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier status. Estimating the risk of skin cancer is an important step towards developing screening recommendations.

Methods: We report the findings of a prospective cohort study of 6,207 women from North America who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

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Bayesian network models identify cooperative GPCR:G protein interactions that contribute to G protein coupling.

J Biol Chem

June 2024

Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA. Electronic address:

Cooperative interactions in protein-protein interfaces demonstrate the interdependency or the linked network-like behavior and their effect on the coupling of proteins. Cooperative interactions also could cause ripple or allosteric effects at a distance in protein-protein interfaces. Although they are critically important in protein-protein interfaces, it is challenging to determine which amino acid pair interactions are cooperative.

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Circadian Clock in Muscle Disease Etiology and Therapeutic Potential for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Int J Mol Sci

April 2024

Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.

Circadian clock and clock-controlled output pathways exert temporal control in diverse aspects of skeletal muscle physiology, including the maintenance of muscle mass, structure, function, and metabolism. They have emerged as significant players in understanding muscle disease etiology and potential therapeutic avenues, particularly in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This review examines the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and muscle physiology, highlighting how disruptions of circadian regulation may contribute to muscle pathophysiology and the specific mechanisms linking circadian clock dysregulation with DMD.

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TIICs are critical components of the TME and are used to estimate prognostic and treatment responses in many malignancies. TIICs in the tumor microenvironment are assessed and quantified by categorizing immune cells into three subtypes: CD66b+ tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In addition, many cancers have tumor-infiltrating M1 and M2 macrophages, neutrophils (Neu), CD4+ T cells (T-helper), CD8+ T cells (T-cytotoxic), eosinophils, and mast cells.

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Exosomes are secreted vesicles of ~30 to 150 nm diameter that play important roles in human health and disease. To better understand how cells release these vesicles, we examined the biogenesis of the most highly enriched human exosome marker proteins, the exosomal tetraspanins CD81, CD9, and CD63. We show here that endocytosis inhibits their vesicular secretion and, in the case of CD9 and CD81, triggers their destruction.

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Model discovery approach enables noninvasive measurement of intra-tumoral fluid transport in dynamic MRI.

APL Bioeng

June 2024

Division of Mathematical Oncology and Computational Systems Biology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, California 91010, USA.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a routine method to noninvasively quantify perfusion dynamics in tissues. The standard practice for analyzing DCE-MRI data is to fit an ordinary differential equation to each voxel. Recent advances in data science provide an opportunity to move beyond existing methods to obtain more accurate measurements of fluid properties.

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Mammalian IRE1α dynamically and functionally coalesces with stress granules.

Nat Cell Biol

June 2024

Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activation of the ER-resident transmembrane protein kinase/endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) initiates a key branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) through unconventional splicing generation of the transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s). Activated IRE1 can form large clusters/foci, whose exact dynamic architectures and functional properties remain largely elusive. Here we report that, in mammalian cells, formation of IRE1α clusters is an ER membrane-bound phase separation event that is coupled to the assembly of stress granules (SGs).

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Nucleases are a super family of enzymes that hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds present in genomes. They widely vary in substrates, causing differentiation in cleavage patterns and having a diversified role in maintaining genetic material. Through cellular evolution of prokaryotic to eukaryotic, nucleases become structure-specific in recognizing its own or foreign genomic DNA/RNA configurations as its substrates, including flaps, bubbles, and Holliday junctions.

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4S-fluorination of ProB29 in insulin lispro slows fibril formation.

J Biol Chem

June 2024

Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA. Electronic address:

Recombinant insulin is a life-saving therapeutic for millions of patients affected by diabetes mellitus. Standard mutagenesis has led to insulin variants with improved control of blood glucose; for instance, the fast-acting insulin lispro contains two point mutations that suppress dimer formation and expedite absorption. However, insulins undergo irreversible denaturation, a process accelerated for the insulin monomer.

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Sex and adrenal hormones in association with insecticide biomarkers among adolescents living in ecuadorian agricultural communities.

Int J Hyg Environ Health

June 2024

The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Scientists studied how certain insecticides might affect hormones in young people in Ecuador.
  • They looked at 522 teens and measured their insecticide levels and various hormones in their bodies.
  • They found that some insecticides seemed to increase certain hormones like testosterone and estrogen, while others had no effect.
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Functional metabolomics characterizes the contribution of farnesoid X receptor in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.

Arch Toxicol

August 2024

The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.

Consumption of herbal products containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) is one of the major causes for hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS), a deadly liver disease. However, the crucial metabolic variation and biomarkers which can reflect these changes remain amphibious and thus to result in a lack of effective prevention, diagnosis and treatments against this disease. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of HSOS caused by PA exposure, and to translate metabolomics-derived biomarkers to the mechanism.

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Emerging biomarkers and molecular targets for precision medicine in cervical cancer.

Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer

May 2024

Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. Electronic address:

Cervical cancer remains a significant global health burden, necessitating innovative approaches for improved diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies. Precision medicine has emerged as a promising paradigm, leveraging biomarkers and molecular targets to tailor therapy to individual patients. This review explores the landscape of emerging biomarkers and molecular targets in cervical cancer, highlighting their potential implications for precision medicine.

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Introduction: Cancer combination treatments involving immunotherapies with targeted radiation therapy are at the forefront of treating cancers. However, dosing and scheduling of these therapies pose a challenge. Mathematical models provide a unique way of optimizing these therapies.

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Epistatic interactions between NMD and TRP53 control progenitor cell maintenance and brain size.

Neuron

July 2024

Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • - Mutations in NMD factors are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, and deleting the NMD factor Upf2 in mouse neural progenitor cells leads to microcephaly, showing NMD's importance in early brain development.
  • - Upf2 knockout extends the cell cycle for radial glia progenitor cells and hampers the formation of upper-layer neurons, indicating that NMD plays a significant role in regulating these cells.
  • - Using CRISPRi, researchers found that knocking down Trp53 can mitigate the effects of Upf2KO without completely reversing NMD inhibition, highlighting a specific pathway where NMD affects cell cycle dynamics and brain size through TRP53 target degradation.
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