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1,576 results match your criteria: "Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope[Affiliation]"
Animals (Basel)
December 2024
National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Despite identifying genes regulating the coat colour in Western pig breeds, the genetic basis of the coat colour in Chinese indigenous pigs is still not understood due to the diversity of indigenous breeds and their genetic differences from exotic pigs. In this study, 215 Wuzhishan pigs with three coat colour patterns (white, black, and black-back/white-belly) were used to conduct a genome-wide association analysis. We found that genes responsible for the coat colour in the Wuzhishan breed are located on chromosome 8.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Hypomethylating agents (HMAs), such as decitabine and 5-azacytidine (AZA), are valuable treatment options for patients with acute myeloid leukemia that are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Despite providing significant extensions in survival when used alone or in combination, eventual relapse and resistance to HMAs are observed. The mechanisms leading to these outcomes are still not well defined and may, in part, be due to a focus on leukemic populations with limited information on the effects of HMAs on non-leukemic cells in the blood and other tissue compartments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) endocytosis is canonically associated with β-arrestins. Here, we delineate a β-arrestin-independent endocytic pathway driven by the cytoskeletal motor, myosin VI. Myosin VI engages GIPC, an adaptor protein that binds a PDZ sequence motif present at the C-terminus of several GPCRs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDNA Repair (Amst)
November 2024
Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. Electronic address:
Biomolecules
November 2024
Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Desmoplasia is a hallmark feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that contributes significantly to treatment resistance. Approaches to enhance drug delivery into fibrotic PDAC tumors continue to be an important unmet need. In this study, we have engineered a tumor-colonizing -based agent that expresses both collagenase and hyaluronidase as a strategy to reduce desmoplasia and enhance the intratumoral perfusion of anticancer agents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
November 2024
Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1218 S 5th Ave, Monrovia, CA 91016.
Bayesian network modeling (BN modeling, or BNM) is an interpretable machine learning method for constructing probabilistic graphical models from the data. In recent years, it has been extensively applied to diverse types of biomedical datasets. Concurrently, our ability to perform long-timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on proteins and other materials has increased exponentially.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Genet
November 2024
Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America.
Mammalian RAD52 is a DNA repair factor with strand annealing and recombination mediator activities that appear important in both interphase and mitotic cells. Nonetheless, RAD52 is dispensable for cell viability. To query RAD52 synthetic lethal relationships, we performed genome-wide CRISPR knock-out screens and identified hundreds of candidate synthetic lethal interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep
November 2024
Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. Electronic address:
T helper (Th)17 cells mediate both protective anti-bacterial immune responses and autoimmune pathogenesis, but the distinct pathways regulating these Th17 responses remain unclear. Retinoid-related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt) is a master transcription factor that governs Th17 cell generation and effector functions. We found that a K256R mutation in RORγt impairs Th17-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) without affecting the clearance of Citrobacter rodentium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
November 2024
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
How the olfactory system detects and distinguishes odorants with diverse physicochemical properties and molecular configurations remains poorly understood. Vertebrate animals perceive odours through G protein-coupled odorant receptors (ORs). In humans, around 400 ORs enable the sense of smell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncogene
November 2024
Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
In this investigation, we explored the molecular dynamics guiding the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) influenced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages through the IL-17RA/CTSK/EMT axis. An 830-patient clinical trial categorized subjects into hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) and CRPC groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Syst Biol Appl
October 2024
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA, USA.
Cytokines operate in concert to maintain immune homeostasis and coordinate immune responses. In cases of ER breast cancer, peripheral immune cells exhibit altered responses to several cytokines, and these alterations are correlated strongly with patient outcomes. To develop a systems-level understanding of this dysregulation, we measured a panel of cytokine responses and receptor abundances in the peripheral blood of healthy controls and ER breast cancer patients across immune cell types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
September 2024
Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
bioRxiv
August 2024
Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010 USA.
A key step of Canonical Nonhomologous End Joining (C-NHEJ) is synapsis of DNA double strand break (DSB) ends for ligation. The DNA-PKcs dimer mediates synapsis in a long-range complex with DSB ends remaining apart, whereas the XLF homodimer can mediate synapsis in both long-range and short-range complexes. Recent structural studies found the PAXX homodimer may also facilitate synapsis in long-range complexes with DNA-PKcs via its interactions with Ku70.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2024
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
There are two main families of G protein-coupled receptors that detect odours in humans, the odorant receptors (ORs) and the trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). Their amino acid sequences are distinct, with the TAARs being most similar to the aminergic receptors such as those activated by adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine and histamine. To elucidate the structural determinants of ligand recognition by TAARs, we have determined the cryo-EM structure of a murine receptor, mTAAR7f, coupled to the heterotrimeric G protein G and bound to the odorant N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) to an overall resolution of 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
October 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
Unlabelled: Identifying improved treatments for severe and refractory coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) is needed. This endemic fungal disease is common in North and South America, and cases have increased substantially over the last 30 years. The current standard of care, oral daily fluconazole, often fails to completely eradicate infection; however, the high cost of identifying new compounds effective in treating Valley fever is a barrier to improving treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFbioRxiv
August 2024
Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
Repeat-mediated deletions (RMDs) are a type of deletion rearrangement that utilizes two repetitive elements to bridge a DNA double-strand break (DSB) that leads to loss of the intervening sequence and one of the repeats. Sequence divergence between repeats causes RMD suppression and indeed this divergence must be resolved in the RMD products. The mismatch repair factor, MLH1, was shown to be critical for both RMD suppression and a polarity of sequence divergence resolution in RMDs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Extracell Vesicles
August 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
High-sensitivity flow cytometers have been developed for multi-parameter characterization of single extracellular vesicles (EVs), but performance varies among instruments and calibration methods. Here we compare the characterization of identical (split) EV samples derived from human colorectal cancer (DiFi) cells by three high-sensitivity flow cytometers, two commercial instruments, CytoFLEX/CellStream, and a custom single-molecule flow cytometer (SMFC). DiFi EVs were stained with the membrane dye di-8-ANEPPS and with PE-conjugated anti-EGFR or anti-tetraspanin (CD9/CD63/CD81) antibodies for estimation of EV size and surface protein copy numbers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2024
Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Many neurotransmitter receptors activate G proteins through exchange of GDP for GTP. The intermediate nucleotide-free state has eluded characterization, due largely to its inherent instability. Here we characterize a G protein variant associated with a rare neurological disorder in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Renal Physiol
September 2024
Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California.
Diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, is associated with significantly accelerated complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which increases morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia and other diabetes-related environmental factors such as overnutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and hyperlipidemia can induce epigenetic changes. Working alone or with genetic factors, these epigenetic changes that occur without alterations in the underlying DNA sequence, can alter the expression of pathophysiological genes and impair functions of associated target cells/organs, leading to diabetic complications like DKD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
June 2024
Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
The intracellular loops of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to play a key role in G protein coupling and selectivity. We recently showed that the intrinsically disordered third intracellular loop (ICL3) of β2-adrenergic receptor is dynamic and equilibrates between open and closed conformations to regulate the G protein coupling. In this study, using the extensive molecular dynamics simulations in multi-lipid bilayer models, we show that the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) stabilizes the active state of β2-adrenergic receptor by keeping ICL3 in an open conformation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
June 2024
Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
While there are currently over 40 replicated genes with mapped risk alleles for Late Onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the Apolipoprotein E locus E4 haplotype is still the biggest driver of risk, with odds ratios for neuropathologically confirmed E44 carriers exceeding 30 (95% confidence interval 16.59-58.75).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Struct Mol Biol
November 2024
Département de Chimie, LBM, CNRS UMR 7203, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
In mammalian cells, DNA double-strand breaks are predominantly repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). During repair, the Ku70-Ku80 heterodimer (Ku), X-ray repair cross complementing 4 (XRCC4) in complex with DNA ligase 4 (X4L4) and XRCC4-like factor (XLF) form a flexible scaffold that holds the broken DNA ends together. Insights into the architectural organization of the NHEJ scaffold and its regulation by the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) were recently obtained by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Surg Oncol
September 2024
Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Background: Gastric cancer poses a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as surgical resection provides the only opportunity for a cure. Specific labeling of gastric cancer could distinguish resectable and nonresectable disease and facilitate an R0 resection, which could improve survival.
Methods: Two patient-derived gastric cancer lines, KG8 and KG10, were established from surgical specimens of two patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma.
Crit Rev Immunol
June 2024
City of Hope.
Steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family members (SRC1, SRC2 and SRC3) are transcriptional co-regulators. SRCs orchestrate gene transcription by inducing transactivation of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. Overexpression of SRCs is widely implicated in a range of cancers, especially hormone-related cancers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Protoc
November 2024
The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.