Liquid biopsy in central nervous system tumors: the potential roles of circulating miRNA and exosomes.

The Central nervous system (CNS) tumor still remains the most lethal cancer, and It is hard to diagnose at an earlier stage on most occasions. It is found that recurrent disease is finally observed in patients who occurred chemo-resistance after completely primary treatment. It is a challenge that monitoring treatment efficacy and tumor recurrence of CNS tumors are full of risks and difficulties by brain biopsies.

Macrolide-Resistant Isolates Are Highly Concentrated in Two MLST Clonal Complexes -CCN10 and CC363.

To gain some insights into the molecular evolution of macrolide resistance, PCR and sequencing analysis of the 23S rRNA gene, typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed on 181 isolates. The isolates were obtained from children ( = 47) and adults ( = 134) presenting with respiratory disease in the years 2010-2014. Macrolide resistance was highly age-related, and nucleotide position alterations at A2330T could be detected in all macrolide-resistant isolates.