Curriculum as Change Agent: Promoting Inclusivity through an Advanced Feedback Curriculum.

Feedback curricula in medical education typically cover only the uncontextualized basics of feedback. We created a self-paced, online course that covered advanced feedback techniques with intentional inclusion of social dynamics that can influence feedback processes. Results revealed significant improvements in participant feedback orientation, feedback-seeking behaviors, and perceptions of feedback environment.

Evidence-Based Medicine in Otolaryngology Part 17: A Qualitative Research Primer.

As qualitative data analysis becomes more frequently applied within the fields of medicine and surgery, it is beneficial to expand our knowledge of the utility, methodology, and interpretation of these techniques. While qualitative research serves a distinct purpose and differs from quantitative research, both can be approached with diligence, with careful techniques that are similarly maintained and respected. In advance of this installment in the Evidence-Based Medicine in Otolaryngology series, we presented a comparison between qualitative and quantitative methods.

Imagine, Discover, Inspire: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society.

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 (T21) is present in a significant number of children and adults around the world and is associated with cognitive and medical challenges. Through research, the T21 Research Society (T21RS), established in 2014, unites a worldwide community dedicated to understanding the impact of T21 on biological systems and improving the quality of life of people with DS across the lifespan. T21RS hosts an international conference every two years to support collaboration, dissemination, and information sharing for this goal.

Can clinical findings at admission allow withholding of antibiotics in patients hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia when a test for a respiratory virus is positive?

Background: Current guidelines recommend empiric antibiotic therapy for patients who require hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We sought to determine whether clinical, imaging or laboratory features in patients hospitalized for CAP in whom PCR is positive for a respiratory virus enable exclusion of bacterial coinfection so that antibiotics can be withheld.

Methods: For this prospective study, we selected patients in whom an etiologic diagnosis was likely to be reached, namely those who provided a high-quality sputum sample at or shortly after admission, and in whom PCR was done to test for a respiratory virus.

Targeting Siglec-E facilitates tumor vaccine-induced antitumor immunity in renal carcinoma.

Background: Siglec-E is an immune checkpoint inhibitory molecule. Expression of Siglec-E on the immune cells has been shown to promote tumor regression. This study aimed to develop an adenovirus (Ad) vaccine targeting Siglec-E and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) (Ad-Siglec-E/CAIX) and to evaluate its potential antitumor effects in several preclinical renal cancer models.

Reliability and reproducibility of systematic reviews informing the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: a pilot study.

Background: Although high-quality nutrition systematic reviews (SRs) are important for clinical decision making, there remains debate on their methodological quality and reporting transparency.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and reproducibility of a sample of SRs produced by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team to inform the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs).

Methods: We evaluated a sample of 8 SRs from the DGA dietary patterns subcommittee for methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool and for reporting transparency using the PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA literature search extension (PRISMA-S) checklists.

Insect Allergy: Barriers in Training and Practice: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Anaphylaxis Committee.

Background: The evaluation and management of insect sting allergy is a complex core competency taught in Allergy and Immunology fellowship programs. It is unclear if current training on insect allergy is sufficient to meet the needs of the field, and what training barriers exist.

Objective: To investigate the extent of training on stinging insect allergy, and factors currently impacting stinging insect allergy clinical practice through a pilot needs-assessment survey.

Efficacy and safety of psilocybin in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): A dose-response network meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Selecting the optimal dose of psilocybin for treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) is crucial for clinical development and regulatory approval. This meta-analysis evaluates psilocybin's efficacy and safety in treating MDD to determine the optimal dose and timing for clinical trials. A systematic review and Dose-Response Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials (RCTs) registered with PROSPERO was conducted.

ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).

Infiltrating plasma cells maintain glioblastoma stem cells through IgG-Tumor binding.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) enforcing the intra-tumoral hierarchy. Plasma cells (PCs) are critical effectors of the B-lineage immune system, but their roles in glioblastoma remain largely unexplored. Here, we leverage single-cell RNA and B cell receptor sequencing of tumor-infiltrating B-lineage cells and reveal that PCs are aberrantly enriched in the glioblastoma-infiltrating B-lineage population, experience low level of somatic hypermutation, and are associated with poor prognosis.

Characterizing features affecting local ancestry inference performance in admixed populations.

In recent years, significant efforts have been made to improve methods for genomic studies of admixed populations using local ancestry inference (LAI). Accurate LAI is crucial to ensure that downstream analyses accurately reflect the genetic ancestry of research participants. Here, we test analytic strategies for LAI to provide guidelines for optimal accuracy, focusing on admixed populations reflective of Latin America's primary continental ancestries-African (AFR), Amerindigenous (AMR), and European (EUR).

The Prognostic Role of HPV or p16INK4a Status in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: HPV infection is implicated in approximately half of global penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) cases. Previous studies on HPV DNA and p16INK4a status in PSCC have yielded inconclusive prognostic findings. This meta-analysis aims to elucidate the prognostic role of HPV in PSCC by pooling data on disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS).

Cost-effectiveness analysis of deep brain stimulation versus treatment as usual for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective neurosurgical option for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite being more costly than neuroablative procedures of comparable efficacy, DBS has gained popularity over the years for its reversibility and adjustability. Although the cost-effectiveness of DBS has been investigated extensively in movement disorders, few economic analyses of DBS for psychiatric disorders exist.

The Pelvic Floor Disorders Network: Evolution Over Two Decades of Female Pelvic Floor Research.

Importance: This review aimed to describe research initiatives, evolution, and processes of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-supported Pelvic Floor Disorders Network (PFDN). This may be of interest and inform researchers wishing to conduct multisite coordinated research initiatives as well as to provide perspective to all urogynecologists regarding how the PFDN has evolved and functions.

Study Design: Principal investigators of several PFDN clinical sites and Data Coordinating Center describe more than 20 years of development and maturation of the PFDN.

The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guideline on Indications for Continuous Electroencephalography Monitoring in Neonates.

Purpose: Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring is increasingly used in the management of neonates with seizures. There remains debate on what clinically relevant information can be gained from cEEG in neonates with suspected seizures, at high risk for seizures, or with definite seizures, as well as the use of cEEG for prognosis in a variety of conditions. In this guideline, we address these questions using American Clinical Neurophysiology Society structured methodology for clinical guideline development.