Phylogenetic Triage and Risk Assessment: How to Predict Emerging Phytoplasma Diseases.

Phytoplasma diseases pose a substantial threat to diverse crops of agricultural importance. Management measures are usually implemented only after the disease has already occurred. Early detection of such phytopathogens, prior to disease outbreak, has rarely been attempted, but would be highly beneficial for phytosanitary risk assessment, disease prevention and mitigation.

Editorial for Special Issue "Unleashing the Hidden Potential of Anaerobic Fungi".

Anaerobic fungi (AF) of the phylum are a very peculiar group of microorganisms [...

The importance of inspecting the inoculum's methane production for estimating kinetic parameters in biochemical methane potential tests.

The aim of this study was to improve the quality of estimations of the first-order kinetic constant k, in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests. The results showed that existing guidelines for BMP tests are not sufficient to improve the estimation of k. The methane production of the inoculum itself exerted a major influence on the estimation of k.

Genetic mapping of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm7 on oat chromosome 5D.

Three independent experiments with different genetic backgrounds mapped the resistance gene Pm7 in the oat genome to the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5D. Resistance of oat to Blumeria graminis DC. f.

Genetic Basis of Resistance to Yellow Rust Race at the Seedling Stage in Current Central and Northern European Winter Wheat Germplasm.

To evaluate genetic variability and seedling plant response to a dominating race of yellow rust in Northern and Central European germplasm, we used a population of 229 winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A wide variation in yellow rust disease severity (based on infection types 1-9) was observed in this panel. Four breeding lines, TS049 (from Austria), TS111, TS185, and TS229 (from Germany), and one cultivar, TS158 (KWS Talent), from Germany were found to be resistant to and .

Alternative scoring methods of fusarium head blight resistance for genomic assisted breeding.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease of wheat (.L) that causes yield losses and produces mycotoxins which could easily exceed the limits of the EU regulations. Resistance to FHB has a complex genetic architecture and accurate evaluation in breeding programs is key to selecting resistant varieties.

The Development of the Bacterial Community of Brown Trout () during Ontogeny.

Brown trout () is an important aquaculture species in Germany, but its production faces challenges due to global warming and a high embryo mortality. Climate factors might influence the fish's bacterial community (BC) and thus increase embryo mortality. Yet, knowledge of the physiological BC during ontogeny in general is scarce.

Carbon farming: Are soil carbon certificates a suitable tool for climate change mitigation?

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in agricultural soils removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and contributes towards achieving carbon neutrality. For farmers, higher SOC levels have multiple benefits, including increased soil fertility and resilience against drought-related yield losses. However, increasing SOC levels requires agricultural management changes that are associated with costs.

Uncovering novel MHC alleles from RNA-Seq data: expanding the spectrum of MHC class I alleles in sheep.

Background: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I glycoproteins present selected peptides or antigens to CD8 + T cells that control the cytotoxic immune response. The MHC class I genes are among the most polymorphic loci in the vertebrate genome, with more than twenty thousand alleles known in humans. In sheep, only a very small number of alleles have been described to date, making the development of genotyping systems or functional studies difficult.

Association between Fatty Acid Composition in Hair and Energy Availability during Early Lactation in Simmental and German Holstein Cows.

This study examined (1) if fatty acids in bovine hair are influenced by dietary energy levels and (2) if the relationship between energy availability and fatty acids in hair persists across breeds and farms. Sixty-two and 59 Fleckvieh (Simmental), and 55 German Holstein cows from three farms, respectively, were fed two levels of energy concentration of roughage (6.1 and 6.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Unveils the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Sepal Colour Changes under Acidic pH Substratum in Hydrangea macrophylla.

The hydrangea ( (Thunb). Ser.), an ornamental plant, has good marketing potential and is known for its capacity to change the colour of its inflorescence depending on the pH of the cultivation media.

Above and belowground traits impacting transpiration decline during soil drying in 48 maize (Zea mays) genotypes.

Background And Aims: Stomatal regulation allows plants to promptly respond to water stress. However, our understanding of the impact of above and belowground hydraulic traits on stomatal regulation remains incomplete. The objective of this study was to investigate how key plant hydraulic traits impact transpiration of maize during soil drying.

Abundance of selected bacterial groups in healthy calves and calves developing diarrhea during the first week of life: Are there differences before the manifestation of clinical symptoms?

Background: Diarrhea is still the most common and economically most significant disease of newborn calves.

Objective: Analysis of the development of selected bacterial groups in the feces of neonatal calves and its significance regarding diarrhea.

Animals: A total of 150 newborn Simmental calves reared in 13 Bavarian farms were included in the study.

Effect of Growth Media on the Diversity of from Non-Rumen Habitats.

Anaerobic fungi (AF), belonging to the phylum are a pivotal component of the digestive tract microbiome of various herbivorous animals. In the last decade, the diversity of AF has rapidly expanded due to the exploration of numerous (novel) habitats. Studies aiming at understanding the role of AF require robust and reliable isolation and cultivation techniques, many of which remained unchanged for decades.

No time to die: Comparative study on preservation protocols for anaerobic fungi.

Anaerobic fungi (AF, phylum Neocallimastigomycota) are best known for their ability to anaerobically degrade recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass through mechanic and enzymatic means. While their biotechnological potential is well-recognized, applied research on AF is still hampered by the time-consuming and cost-intensive laboratory routines required to isolate, maintain, and preserve AF cultures. Reliable long-term preservation of specific AF strains would aid basic as well as applied research, but commonly used laboratory protocols for AF preservation can show erratic survival rates and usually exhibit only moderate resuscitation success for up to one or two years after preservation.

Genetic parameters for dry matter intake, energy balance, residual energy intake, and liability to diseases in German Holstein and Fleckvieh dairy cows.

Selection for feed efficiency (FE) is a hot topic in dairy cow breeding. Dry matter intake (DMI) and residual energy intake (REI) are mostly discussed as new selection traits. Selection for lower DMI or REI seems to increase FE if other traits, such as milk yield or health, are not affected negatively.

Simultaneous Metabarcoding and Quantification of from Environmental Samples: Insights into Community Composition and Novel Lineages.

Anaerobic fungi from the herbivore digestive tract () are primary lignocellulose modifiers and hold promise for biotechnological applications. Their molecular detection is currently difficult due to the non-specificity of published primer pairs, which impairs evolutionary and ecological research with environmental samples. We developed and validated a -specific PCR primer pair targeting the D2 region of the ribosomal large subunit suitable for screening, quantifying, and sequencing.

Future development of Good Agricultural Practice in China under globalization of traditional herbal medicine trade.

Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine culture. Due to its high medicinal potential, it should not only serve for the Chinese people's medical use, but also contribute to the world medicine, THM for the international market must be standardized and large-scale, and produced according to the "Good Agriculture Practice" (GAP). The quality of THM directly affects the patient's treatment status and safety of use.

Content and gain of macro minerals in the empty body and body tissues of growing bulls.

This research aimed to generate basic data for specifying the macro mineral requirements of beef bulls. Hence, the contents of the macro minerals calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, and magnesium in the empty body and body tissue fractions of growing Fleckvieh (German Simmental) bulls with 120-780 kg live weight were determined. Results were used to calculate mineral gain rates in bulls within a wide weight range from 100 to 800 kg live weight.

Fine-mapping and identification of candidate causal genes for tail length in the Merinolandschaf breed.

Docking the tails of lambs in long-tailed sheep breeds is a common practice worldwide. But this practice is associated with pain. Breeding for a shorter tail could offer an alternative.

Genome-wide association study and genomic prediction of resistance to stripe rust in current Central and Northern European winter wheat germplasm.

We found two loci on chromosomes 2BS and 6AL that significantly contribute to stripe rust resistance in current European winter wheat germplasm. Stripe or yellow rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.

Genetics of the Inverse Relationship between Grain Yield and Grain Protein Content in Common Wheat.

Grain protein content (GPC) is one of the most important criteria to determine the quality of common wheat (). One of the major obstacles for bread wheat production is the negative correlation between GPC and grain yield (GY). Previous studies demonstrated that the deviation from this inverse relationship is highly heritable.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Kernel Traits Using a 35K SNP Array in Bread Wheat ( L.).

Kernel size and weight are crucial components of grain yield in wheat. Deciphering their genetic basis is essential for improving yield potential in wheat breeding. In this study, five kernel traits, including kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel diameter ratio (KDR), kernel perimeter (KP), and thousand-kernel weight (TKW), were evaluated in a panel consisting of 198 wheat accessions under six environments.