Cardiac events among a cohort of 17,389 patients receiving cancer chemotherapy: short and long term implications.

Background: The association between cardiovascular disease and carcinogenesis is bidirectional and well-established. Furthermore, cancer treatment improves overall patient survival, potentially at the cost of incremental and fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Aim: To evaluate (a) In a real-world cohort, the proportion of patients offered cancer chemotherapy who have antecedent CVD (CVD); (b) The rates of patient admission with subsequent development of CVD (CVD) requiring hospital admission post assignment to chemotherapy; (c) The impact of CVD and CVD on mortality rates relative to those seen in patients without overt CVD (CVD) and (d) The time course of mortality in CVD versus CVD patients.

Clinico-radiological features of optic nerve sheath schwannoma: Review and illustrative case.

The optic nerve sheath is a rare site for schwannoma, to our knowledge 19 optic nerve sheath schwannoma (ONSS) cases have been reported. Difficulty can arise in diagnosis as imaging findings can be relatively non-specific. We describe a case of ONSS that mimicked orbital cavernous venous malformation pre-operatively.

Differential proteomic expression in non-functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumours and pituitary glands.

Introduction: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) are common accounting for 10 to 25 % of all intracranial tumours. This project describes the feasibility of developing a novel membrane-based biomarker that could be used for fluorescent guided surgery. The aim was to catalogue the differential expression of membrane proteins between non-functional PitNETs and pituitary glands.

Pilot Validation of a 3-Dimensional Printed Pituitary Adenoma, Vascular Injury, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Surgical Simulator.

Background And Objectives: Endoscopic skull base surgery is a subspecialty field which would benefit significantly from high-fidelity surgical simulators. Giving trainees the opportunity to flatten their learning curve by practicing a variety of procedures on surgical simulators will inevitably improve patient outcomes.

Methods: Four neurosurgeons, 8 otolarynologists, and 6 expert course faculty agreed to participate.

Neuronavigation in endoscopic skull base surgery and the accuracy of different MRI sequences.

Objective: Neuronavigation is common technology used by skull base teams when performing endoscopic endonasal surgery. A common practice of MRI imagining is to obtain 3D isotopic gadolinium enhanced T1W magnetisation prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequences. These are prone to distortion when undertaken on 3 T magnets.

An infratentorial dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking cervical myelopathy: A case report.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas may have insidious clinical presentations and are often challenging to diagnose. A small number of cases have been associated with perimedullary venous congestion and cord oedema, mimicking common pathologies, such as cervical myelopathy. We describe a case report of a patient presenting with a constellation of symptoms and radiological signs mimicking C5/6 cervical myelopathy secondary to disc herniation.

'What's in a name', a systematic review of the pterional craniotomy for aneurysm surgery and its many modifications with a proposal for simplified nomenclature.

Background: The pterional or frontosphenotemporal craniotomy has stood the test of time and continues to be a commonly used method of managing a variety of neurosurgical pathology. Already described in the beginning of the twentieth century and perfected by Yasargil in the 1970s, it has seen many modifications. These modifications have been a normal evolution for most neurosurgeons, tailoring the craniotomy to the patients' specific anatomy and pathology.

The risk of fractures after entering long-term care facilities.

Background: Stratifying residents at increased risk for fractures in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) can potentially improve awareness and facilitate the delivery of targeted interventions to reduce risk. Although several fracture risk assessment tools exist, most are not suitable for individuals entering LTCF. Moreover, existing tools do not examine risk profiles of individuals at key periods in their aged care journey, specifically at entry into LTCFs.

The learning curve for endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery: a systematic review.

Recent literature demonstrates that a learning curve exists for endoscopic pituitary surgery. However, there is significant variability in the way these studies report their outcomes. This study aims to systematically review the literature regarding outcomes for endoscopic pituitary surgery and how this may be related to a surgical learning curve.

Coronary "Microvascular Dysfunction": Evolving Understanding of Pathophysiology, Clinical Implications, and Potential Therapeutics.

Until recently, it has been generally held that stable angina pectoris (SAP) primarily reflects the presence of epicardial coronary artery stenoses due to atheromatous plaque(s), while acute myocardial infarction (AMI) results from thrombus formation on ruptured plaques. This concept is now challenged, especially by results of the ORBITA and ISCHEMIA trials, which showed that angioplasty/stenting does not substantially relieve SAP symptoms or prevent AMI or death in such patients. These disappointing outcomes serve to redirect attention towards anomalies of small coronary physiology.

Olfaction preservation in olfactory groove meningiomas: a systematic review.

Olfactory groove meningiomas (OGM) are a skull base neoplasm that represents between 8 and 13% of all intracranial meningiomas. Approach selection focuses on achieving frontal lobe decompression, gross total resection and vision preservation. Recently, there has been a focus on olfaction and considering its preservation as a quality-of-life outcome measure.

Haemostatic efficacy and inflammatory response of a novel beta-chitin patch in a cerebral small vessel injury model - A pilot study.

Objective: Rapid and efficacious haemostasis is paramount in neurosurgery. Assessing the efficacy and short- and long-term safety of haemostatic agents utilised within cerebral tissue is essential. This pilot study investigates the haemostatic efficacy and long-term safety of a novel beta-chitin patch against traditionally used agents, bipolar and Floseal, within cerebral tissue.

Effects of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulators and Activators on Anti-Aggregatory Signalling in Patients with Coronary Artery Spasm.

Impairment of the nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase (NO)/sGC) signalling cascade is associated with many forms of cardiovascular disease, resulting not only in compromised vasodilatation but also loss of anti-aggregatory homeostasis. Myocardial ischaemia, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation are associated with moderate impairment of NO/sGC signalling, and we have recently demonstrated that coronary artery spasm (CAS) is engendered by severe impairment of platelet NO/sGC activity resulting in combined platelet and vascular endothelial damage. We therefore sought to determine whether sGC stimulators or activators might normalise NO/sGC homeostasis in platelets.

Subpopulations in Strains of Provide Antibiotic Tolerance.

The ability of to colonise different niches across the human body is linked to an adaptable metabolic capability, as well as its ability to persist within specific tissues despite adverse conditions. In many cases, as proliferates within an anatomical niche, there is an associated pathology. The immune response, together with medical interventions such as antibiotics, often removes the cells that are causing this disease.

Development of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Risk of Hospitalization With Pressure Injury After Entering Residential Aged Care.

Objectives: Although largely preventable, pressure injury is a major concern in individuals in permanent residential aged care (PRAC). Our study aimed to identify predictors and develop a prognostic model for risk of hospitalization with pressure injury (PI) using integrated Australian aged and health care data.

Design: National retrospective cohort study.

Rapamycin and inulin for booster vaccine response stimulation (RIVASTIM)-rapamycin: study protocol for a randomised, controlled trial of immunosuppression modification with rapamycin to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in kidney transplant recipients.

Unlabelled: Kidney transplant recipients are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19-associated hospitalisation and death. Vaccination has been a key public health strategy to reduce disease severity and infectivity, but the effectiveness of COVID vaccines is markedly reduced in kidney transplant recipients. Urgent strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy are needed.

TakoTsubo Syndrome: First an Acute Coronary Vasculitis and Then Prolonged Myocarditis?

Since its initial description by Japanese investigators 30 years ago, TakoTsubo Syndrome (TTS) has variously been regarded as a form of acute coronary syndrome and also as a form of cardiomyopathy (or more accurately, a myocarditis). There is actually good evidence that TTS embodies both of these concepts, and the main purpose of this review is to present data that they occur sequentially. The initial phase of the disorder (over perhaps the first 48 hours post onset of symptoms) represents a form of vasculitis, with associated damage to the endothelial glycocalyx and associated permeabilization of blood vessels.

Angina due to coronary artery spasm (variant angina): diagnosis and intervention strategies.

Introduction: Since Prinzmetal first described a 'variant' form of angina pectoris, with predominantly resting episodes of pain and cyclic severity variations, it has gradually become apparent that this clinical presentation is caused by episodes of coronary artery spasm (CAS) involving focal or diffuse changes in large and/or small coronary arteries in the presence or absence of 'fixed' coronary artery stenoses. However, most clinicians have only limited understanding of this group of disorders.

Areas Covered: We examine the clinical presentation of CAS, associated pathologies outside the coronary vasculature, impediments to making the diagnosis, provocative diagnostic tests, available and emerging treatments, and the current understanding of pathogenesis.

Association of sleep apnea with outcomes in peripheral artery disease: Insights from the PORTRAIT study.

Background: Sleep apnea is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcome in many cardiovascular diseases but whether it is associated with worse health status outcomes or mortality in peripheral artery disease (PAD) is unknown.

Methods: PORTRAIT is an international (US, Netherlands, Australia) prospective PAD registry that consecutively enrolled patients who presented with new-onset or recent exacerbations of PAD symptoms to any of 16 vascular specialty clinics. Health status was assessed upon presentation and at 12 months with the disease-specific Peripheral Artery Questionnaire (PAQ).

Randomized controlled trial of perhexiline on regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (RESOLVE-HCM trial).

Background: The presence and extent of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a major determinant of symptoms in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). There is increasing evidence to suggest that myocardial energetic impairment represents a central mechanism leading to LVH in HCM. There is currently a significant unmet need for disease-modifying therapy that regresses LVH in HCM patients.

Population pharmacokinetic model of subcutaneous fentanyl in older acute care patients.

Purpose: Subcutaneous fentanyl injection is commonly prescribed to manage acute pain in older patients; however, there is a gap in the literature describing the pharmacokinetic parameters for this route of administration in this population. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a population pharmacokinetic model for subcutaneous fentanyl injection in older patients.

Methods: Twenty-one patients who received subcutaneous fentanyl injections (50 to 75 μg) were recruited.