Diagnosis and management of dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is extensively discussed in numerous expert consensus documents and international guidelines, with differing recommendations. To support clinicians in daily practice and decision-making, we conducted a systematic review of key guidelines and recommendations concerning the diagnosis and clinical management of DCM. Our research encompassed MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for relevant articles published, as well as the websites of relevant scientific societies.

Procedural factors influencing successful coronary sinus reducer implantation for refractory angina: A single-centre experience.

Background: Coronary sinus reducer (CSR) implantation is emerging as a novel effective percutaneous therapy for patients with refractory angina. Limited data exists examining the factors influencing successful CSR implantation. As CSR implantation becomes more widely adopted, a greater understanding of the procedural challenges which operators encounter is required.

Allograft versus autograft ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients: a systematic review.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children and adolescents with open physes are common.

Areas Of Agreement: Evidence of ACL reconstruction using allografts in children with open physes is limited.

Areas Of Controversy: Whether the outcomes of ACL allograft reconstruction in children and adolescents with open physes are superior to autograft ACL reconstruction is unclear, with contrasting evidence.

Predicting success with reduced dosing frequency of tralokinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Background: Approved tralokinumab maintenance dosing regimens for treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) include 300 mg every two weeks (Q2W) and every four weeks (Q4W), that clinicians may consider for patients who achieved clear or almost clear skin at Week 16 with initial Q2W dosing.

Objectives: To identify predictive factors associated with maintained response after switching to tralokinumab Q4W, evaluate recapture of treatment response after relapse on Q4W, and assess treatment-emergent immunogenicity with tralokinumab Q4W.

Methods: These post hoc analyses utilized machine learning to identify predictive factors for maintained treatment response at Week 52 using data from the Week 16 responder population (ie, patients who met Investigator's Global Assessment of clear/almost clear skin [IGA 0/1] and/or ≥75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) at Week 16 with tralokinumab Q2W monotherapy) of the phase 3 ECZTRA 1 and 2 trials.

London Major Trauma System: a review of an organised trauma system and the challenges it faces.

London Major Trauma System (LMTS) was the first organised trauma system in the United Kingdom. It was created in 2010 in response to multiple reviews that suggested a large number of deaths from trauma may have been preventable. LMTS has all the features of a modern organised trauma system, including regionalisation, integration of care, transfer services, trauma teams, and a world leading research service.

Gonadotropin therapy for mini-puberty induction in male infants with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a systematic review.

Context: Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is defined as an isolated deficiency of gonadotropin hormones. Mini-puberty, a transient postnatal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in healthy infants, provides a window of opportunity to diagnose and treat CHH. Currently, in male infants with CHH, testosterone is used to increase phallus size.

Integration of genetic testing into diagnostic pathways for cardiomyopathies: a clinical consensus statement by the ESC Council on Cardiovascular Genomics.

In the modern era, cardiologists managing patients and families with cardiomyopathies need to be familiar with every stage of the diagnostic pathway from clinical phenotyping to the prescription and interpretation of genetic tests. This clinical consensus statement from the ESC Council for Cardiovascular Genomics aims to promote the integration of genetic testing into routine cardiac care of patients with cardiomyopathies, as recommended in the 2023 ESC guidelines for cardiomyopathies. The document describes the types of genetic tests currently available and provides advice on their prescription and for counselling after the return of genetic findings, including the approach in patients and families with variants of unknown significance.

Percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon with one knot offers equivalent results as the same procedure with two knots. A comparative prospective study.

Purpose: The present prospective comparative study included patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) who underwent percutaneous repair with one knot compared to percutaneous repair with two knots.

Methods: All patients underwent the procedure under local anesthesia. A total of 29 patients underwent percutaneous repair with two knots (Group A), and 33 patients underwent percutaneous repair with one knot (Group B).

Tuberculosis in adult migrants in Europe: a TBnet consensus statement.

Introduction: Global migration has increased in recent decades due to war, conflict, persecutions, and natural disasters, but also secondary to increased opportunities related to work or study. Migrants' risk of tuberculosis (TB) differs by reasons for migration, socioeconomic status, mode of travel and TB risk in transit, TB incidence and healthcare provision in country of origin. Despite advances in TB care for migrants and new treatment strategies, decisions for the management of migrants at risk of TB often rely on expert opinions, rather than clinical evidence.

2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation.

In the last three decades, ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become an evidence-based safe and efficacious treatment for managing the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In 2007, the first joint expert consensus document was issued, guiding healthcare professionals involved in catheter or surgical AF ablation. Mounting research evidence and technological advances have resulted in a rapidly changing landscape in the field of catheter and surgical AF ablation, thus stressing the need for regularly updated versions of this partnership which were issued in 2012 and 2017.

The sedoheptulose kinase CARKL controls T-cell cytokine outputs and migration by promoting metabolic reprogramming.

Background: Immunometabolism is a crucial determinant of immune cell function, influencing cellular activation and differentiation through metabolic pathways. The intricate interplay between metabolism and immune responses is highlighted by the distinct metabolic programs utilized by immune cells to support their functions. Of particular interest is the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a key metabolic pathway branching out of glycolysis that plays a pivotal role in generating NADPH and pentose sugars crucial for antioxidant defense and biosynthesis.

Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric: Challenges for the Future.

Background: Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) emerged to improve the transparency of machine learning models and increase understanding of how models make actions and decisions. It helps to present complex models in a more digestible form from a human perspective. However, XAI is still in the development stage and must be used carefully in sensitive domains including paediatrics, where misuse might have adverse consequences.

Key Stakeholders' Views on Salt Intake Reduction and Barriers and Facilitators to Reducing Salt Intake in Malaysian Schools: A Qualitative Study.

Excessive salt or sodium intake is strongly linked to increased blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the views of key stakeholders on salt intake reduction and barriers and facilitators to reducing salt intake in Malaysian schools. The stakeholders in this study were school administrators, food operators, and consumers.

Reframing assisted dying through the civil law: possibilities and challenges for the UK.

Background: Current proposals for assisted dying in the UK are based on embedding it within a medical, healthcare model. This model is revealing challenges in safeguarding, monitoring and the impact on healthcare.

Objective: To explore if a different model is a safer, pragmatic and realistic alternative.

Joint British Societies' position statement on cardiology training in the United Kingdom.

Cardiology training in the UK is facing significant challenges due to a range of factors. Recent curriculum changes have further compounded this issue and significantly risk the ability to produce adequately trained consultants capable of managing patients with increasingly complex cardiovascular disease. The introduction of mandatory dual accreditation in general internal medicine (GIM) alongside cardiology, by design, results in significantly reduced training opportunities, including procedural and subspecialty exposure.

Human papillomavirus genotype and cycle threshold value from self-samples and risk of high-grade cervical lesions: A post hoc analysis of a modified stepped-wedge implementation feasibility trial.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing of self-collected vaginal samples has potential to improve coverage of cervical screening programmes, but current guidelines mostly require those HPV positive on a self-sample to attend for routine screening.

Methods And Findings: A pragmatic modified stepped-wedge implementation feasibility trial was conducted at primary care practices in England. Individuals aged 25 to 64 years who were at least 6 months overdue for cervical screening could provide a self-collected sample.

Effects of cladribine on intrathecal and peripheral B and plasma cells.

Introduction: Cladribine is a deoxyadenosine analogue that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanistic understanding of the effect of this highly effective therapy on B cells and plasma cells in the central nervous system compartment is limited.

Neonatal intracranial pathologies on ultrasound imaging in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Annually, 30 million children are affected by newborn conditions, most in low-income countries, with long-term implications for survivors. We aimed to evaluate neonatal intracranial pathologies identifiable on cranial ultrasound (CUS) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the spectrum of neonatal intracranial pathology, in nine databases, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Review Tools.