Three changes to reduce the loss of dual degree trainees from OMFS national specialty selection in the UK: evidence based proposals.

The training pathway for oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) has remained relatively stable for around 30 years. Circumstances surrounding the training pathway have changed including the priorities of individuals considering entering OMFS training. Run-through Specialty Training (ST1) OMFS posts (which include core surgical training) are oversubscribed while direct entry to Specialty Training (ST3) OMFS specialty recruitment rounds have unfilled posts, including places declined by appointable candidates.

Elucidating the resonance Raman spectra of psittacofulvins.

Spectroscopic studies into the identification and characterisation of psittacofulvins were performed using resonance Raman spectroscopy. It was confirmed that red colour regions display Raman band wavenumber shifts with excitation wavelength, whereas yellow regions do not. There was, however, one yellow region (Calyptorhynchus banksii) that did display wavenumber shifting with excitation wavelength.

Functional hypogonadism in middle-aged and older men: testosterone treatment or not?

Clinicians commonly encounter middle-aged and older men who present with functional hypogonadism, that is, with clinical features compatible with androgen deficiency and lowered serum testosterone, but without evidence of organic hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis pathology. Whether, and when, testosterone therapy should be offered to such men remains uncertain and controversial, in part due to the lack of definitive evidence regarding long-term patient-important health outcomes with testosterone treatment. In this debate, we address this controversy and provide two opposing points of view on the role of testosterone treatment in older men with functional hypogonadism.

Early postnatal growth and subsequent neurodevelopment in children delivered at term: The ELFE cohort study.

Background: Despite the limited evidence, accelerated early postnatal growth (EPG) is commonly believed to benefit neurodevelopment for term-born infants, especially those small for gestational age.

Objectives: To investigate the existence of critical time windows in the association of EPG with neurodevelopment, considering birth size groups.

Study Design: In the French ELFE birth cohort, 12,854 term-born neonates were classified as small, appropriate or large for gestational age (SGA, AGA, LGA, respectively).

Prospective observational study to examine health-related quality of life and develop models to predict long-term patient-reported outcomes 6 months after hospital discharge with blunt thoracic injuries.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the long-term outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with blunt thoracic injuries over 6 months from hospital discharge and develop models to predict long-term patient-reported outcomes.

Design: A prospective observational study using longitudinal survey design.

Setting: The study recruitment was undertaken at 12 UK hospitals which represented diverse geographical locations and covered urban, suburban and rural areas across England and Wales.

Identifying key priorities for research to protect the consumer with food hypersensitivity: A UK Food Standards Agency Priority Setting Exercise.

Introduction: Food hypersensitivity (FHS), including food allergy, coeliac disease and food intolerance, is a major public health issue. The Food Standards Agency (FSA), an independent UK Government department working to protect public health and consumers' wider interests in food, sought to identify research priorities in the area of FHS.

Methods: A priority setting exercise was undertaken, using a methodology adapted from the James Lind Alliance-the first such exercise with respect to food hypersensitivity.

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health-2021 Update: Male Sexual Dysfunction.

Context: The present summary of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines is based on the latest guidelines on male sexual health published in March 2021, with a last comprehensive update in January 2021.

Objective: To present a summary of the 2021 version of the EAU guidelines on sexual and reproductive health.

Evidence Acquisition: A literature review was performed up to January 2021.

Lifetime climate impacts of diet transitions: a novel climate change accounting perspective.

Dietary transitions, such as eliminating meat consumption, have been proposed as one way to reduce the climate impact of the global and regional food systems. However, it should be ensured that replacement diets are indeed nutritious and that climate benefits are accurately accounted for. This study uses New Zealand food consumption as a case study for exploring the cumulative climate impact of adopting the national dietary guidelines and the substitution of meat from hypothetical diets.

Johan Forceps As a Knot Pusher for Extracorporeal Roeder Knot: An Inexpensive Alternative to an Endoloop Ligature in Laparoscopic Appendicectomy.

Securing of the appendix stump is one of the key steps in performing laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA). This can be achieved by a variety of methods including endoloops, stapler, and clips. An alternative technique, previously described by authors, is the use of Johan forceps as a knot pusher, to deploy an extracorporeal Roeder knot at the base of appendix.

What's new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2019. Part 2: treatment.

This review forms part of a series of annual evidence updates on atopic eczema (AE), and provides a summary of key findings from systematic reviews (SRs) published or indexed in 2019 related to AE treatment. Several SRs assessed the efficacy of topical corticosteroids (TCS), topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors and topical Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway inhibitors. However, there is a lack of good-quality trials comparing topical treatment agents with TCS, which remain the standard of care for patients with AE.

Thematic synthesis of the experiences of people with hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review.

Background: Although hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is known to affect quality of life, little summative knowledge exists on how HS impacts people living with the condition.

Objectives: To synthesize experiences of people with HS within published qualitative research.

Methods: Searches on databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL were conducted on 17 April 2020.

An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs.

Backgrounds & Aims: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease in which autoimmune destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts eventually leads to cirrhosis. Many patients have inadequate response to licensed medications, motivating the search for novel therapies. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses (GWMA) of PBC have identified numerous risk loci for this condition, providing insight into its aetiology.

Development of a parent experience measure for paediatric critical care transport teams.

Background: A third of children admitted to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the United Kingdom (UK) are transported by paediatric critical care transport services (PCCTs). Parents have described the transfer journey as particularly stressful. Critical care nurses have a key role in mitigating the impact of the journey on parents.

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial.

Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.

Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK.

Unravelling Magnetic Nanochain Formation in Dispersion for In Vivo Applications.

Self-assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) into 1D chains is appealing, because of their biocompatibility and higher mobility compared to 2D/3D assemblies while traversing the circulatory passages and blood vessels for in vivo biomedical applications. In this work, parameters such as size, concentration, composition, and magnetic field, responsible for chain formation of IONPs in a dispersion as opposed to spatially confining substrates, are examined. In particular, the monodisperse 27 nm IONPs synthesized by an extended LaMer mechanism are shown to form chains at 4 mT, which are lengthened with applied field reaching 270 nm at 2.

The effect of care provided by paediatric critical care transport teams on mortality of children transported to paediatric intensive care units in England and Wales: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Centralisation of paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) has the increased the need for specialist paediatric critical care transport teams (PCCT) to transport critically ill children to PICU. We investigated the impact of care provided by PCCTs for children on mortality and other clinically important outcomes.

Methods: We analysed linked national data from the Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet) from children admitted to PICUs in England and Wales (2014-2016) to assess the impact of who led the child's transport, whether prolonged stabilisation by the PCCT was detrimental and the impact of critical incidents during transport on patient outcome.

Stories From Children's Nurses in Flight: Exploring Experiences of Air Medical Transfers.

Objective: Nurses are immersed in stories, and nurses who participate in flight transfers have stories to tell that may hold interest and offer insight for air medical professionals around the world.

Methods: Using a narrative inquiry methodology, 5 nurses working for a children's transport service in England were invited to tell stories from their experiences of air medical transfers. The aim of this article was to describe the meanings the nurses assigned to their experiences of flight transfers and to develop an interpretation of the narrative accounts, investigating the implications of the stories.

Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial.

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 with both hypoxia and systemic inflammation.

Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Those trial participants with hypoxia (oxygen saturation <92% on air or requiring oxygen therapy) and evidence of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein ≥75 mg/L) were eligible for random assignment in a 1:1 ratio to usual standard of care alone versus usual standard of care plus tocilizumab at a dose of 400 mg-800 mg (depending on weight) given intravenously.

Examining the extent and factors associated with interprofessional teamwork in primary care settings.

Despite growing emphasis on adopting team-based models of primary care to facilitate patient access to a diverse range of care providers, our understanding of team functioning within primary care teams remains limited. This study examined interprofessional teamwork within primary care practices (Family Health Teams [FHT] and Community Health Centers - [CHC]) in Ontario and explored team-level and organizational factors associated with interprofessional teamwork. Interprofessional teamwork was measured using the Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT), which was completed by providers in each participating team.