The visual experience dataset: Over 200 recorded hours of integrated eye movement, odometry, and egocentric video.

We introduce the Visual Experience Dataset (VEDB), a compilation of more than 240 hours of egocentric video combined with gaze- and head-tracking data that offer an unprecedented view of the visual world as experienced by human observers. The dataset consists of 717 sessions, recorded by 56 observers ranging from 7 to 46 years of age. This article outlines the data collection, processing, and labeling protocols undertaken to ensure a representative sample and discusses the potential sources of error or bias within the dataset.

Sex-Specific Effects of Anxiety on Cognition and Activity-Dependent Neural Networks: Insights From (Female) Mice and (Wo)men.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, are observed in 90% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), two-thirds of whom are women. Neuropsychiatric symptoms usually manifest long before AD onset creating a therapeutic opportunity. Here, we examined the impact of anxiety on AD progression and the underlying brainwide neuronal mechanisms.

Behavioral variability in physiological synchrony during future-based conversations between romantic partners.

Physiological synchrony-or similarity between two people's physiological responses-is thought to have important consequences for health and well-being and has been observed in social relationship contexts. The present study investigated variability in dyads' physiological synchrony as a function of both partners' behaviors during an emotionally salient discussion. We examined concurrent covariation in cardiac interbeat intervals in a sample of young adult romantic couples ( = 79 dyads) who discussed the coordination of a personal goal with the future of their relationship (data collected from 2013 to 2015).

A Special Issue Introduction: The Intersection of Metacognition and Intelligence.

What makes someone intelligent [...

Inhibition of striatal indirect pathway during second postnatal week leads to long-lasting deficits in motivated behavior.

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder with postulated neurodevelopmental etiology. Genetic and imaging studies have shown enhanced dopamine and D2 receptor occupancy in the striatum of patients with schizophrenia. However, whether alterations in postnatal striatal dopamine can lead to long-lasting changes in brain function and behavior is still unclear.

Variation in moment-to-moment brain state engagement changes across development and contributes to individual differences in executive function.

Neural variability, or variation in brain signals, facilitates dynamic brain responses to ongoing demands. This flexibility is important during development from childhood to young adulthood, a period characterized by rapid changes in experience. However, little is known about how variability in the engagement of recurring brain states changes during development.

Learning depends on the information conveyed by temporal relationships between events and is reflected in the dopamine response to cues.

Contemporary theories guiding the search for neural mechanisms of learning and memory assume that associative learning results from the temporal pairing of cues and reinforcers resulting in coincident activation of associated neurons, strengthening their synaptic connection. While enduring, this framework has limitations: Temporal pairing-based models of learning do not fit with many experimental observations and cannot be used to make quantitative predictions about behavior. Here, we present behavioral data that support an alternative, information-theoretic conception: The amount of information that cues provide about the timing of reward delivery predicts behavior.

GluN2B on Adult-Born Granule Cells Modulates (R,S)-Ketamine's Rapid-Acting Effects in Mice.

Background: Standard antidepressant treatments often take weeks to reach efficacy and are ineffective for many patients. (R,S)-ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been shown to be a rapid-acting antidepressant and to decrease depressive symptoms within hours of administration. While previous studies have shown the importance of the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor on interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, no study to our knowledge has investigated the influence of GluN2B-expressing adult-born granule cells.

A 27-country test of communicating the scientific consensus on climate change.

Communicating the scientific consensus that human-caused climate change is real increases climate change beliefs, worry and support for public action in the United States. In this preregistered experiment, we tested two scientific consensus messages, a classic message on the reality of human-caused climate change and an updated message additionally emphasizing scientific agreement that climate change is a crisis. Across online convenience samples from 27 countries (n = 10,527), the classic message substantially reduces misperceptions (d = 0.

Correlates of verbal and physical violence experienced and perpetrated among cisgender college women: serial cross-sections during one year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Violence against women is a prevalent, preventable public health crisis. COVID-19 stressors and pandemic countermeasures may have exacerbated violence against women. Cisgender college women are particularly vulnerable to violence.

Mice Condition Cephalic-Phase Insulin Release to Flavors Associated with Postoral Actions of Concentrated Glucose.

Rats can condition cephalic-phase insulin responses (CPIRs) to specific sounds or times of the day that predict food availability. The present study asked whether mice can condition a CPIR to the flavor of sapid solutions that produce postoral glucose stimulation. To this end, we subjected C57BL/6 mice to one of six experimental protocols.

Sex and mental health are related to subcortical brain microstructure.

Some mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are more common in females, while others such as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity (AD/H) are more common in males. However, the neurobiological origins of these sex differences are poorly understood. Animal studies have shown substantial sex differences in neuronal and glial cell structure, while human brain imaging studies have shown only small differences, which largely reflect overall body and brain size.

Fluorometric Methods to Measure Bioavailable and Total Heme.

Heme b (iron protoporphyrin IX) is an essential but potentially cytotoxic cofactor, signaling molecule, and nutritional source of iron. Its importance in cell biology and metabolism is underscored by the fact that numerous diseases, including various cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious diseases, anemias, and porphyrias, are associated with the dysregulation of heme synthesis, degradation, trafficking, and/or transport. Consequently, methods to measure, image, and quantify heme in cells are required to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology of heme.

Reading Reshapes Stimulus Selectivity in the Visual Word Form Area.

Reading depends on a brain region known as the "visual word form area" (VWFA) in the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex. This region's function is debated because its stimulus selectivity is not absolute, it is modulated by a variety of task demands, and it is inconsistently localized. We used fMRI to characterize the combination of sensory and cognitive factors that activate word-responsive regions that we precisely localized in 16 adult humans (4 male).

The role of maternal and child healthcare providers in identifying and supporting perinatal mental health disorders.

Background: Perinatal depression (PND) is underdiagnosed in the clinical setting. This study explores the role of obstetricians, and other primary care providers of maternal and child healthcare in detecting, screening, and referring women during the perinatal period identified as depressed, anxious, or exhibiting other symptoms of mental health disorders.

Method: Information was gathered from obstetricians (n = 16), and other primary care providers (pediatricians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants) (n = 85), on identifying and supporting childbearing women with symptoms of perinatal depression using an online survey.

Large-scale determinants of street tree growth rates across an urban environment.

Urban street trees offer cities critical environmental and social benefits. In New York City (NYC), a decadal census of every street tree is conducted to help understand and manage the urban forest. However, it has previously been impossible to analyze growth of an individual tree because of uncertainty in tree location.

DDX3X syndrome: From clinical phenotypes to biological insights.

DDX3X syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder accounting for up to 3% of cases of intellectual disability (ID) and affecting primarily females. Individuals diagnosed with DDX3X syndrome can also present with behavioral challenges, motor delays and movement disorders, epilepsy, and congenital malformations. DDX3X syndrome is caused by mutations in the X-linked gene DDX3X, which encodes a DEAD-box RNA helicase with critical roles in RNA metabolism, including mRNA translation.

Electrochemical Doping of Two-Dimensional Superatomic Materials.

We report an electrochemical method for doping two-dimensional (2D) superatomic semiconductor ReSeCl that significantly improves the material's electrical transport while retaining the in-plane and stacking structures. The electrochemical reduction induces the complete dissociation of chloride anions from the surface of each superatomic nanosheet. After the material is dehalogenated, we observe the electrical conductivity () increases by two orders of magnitude while the 3D electron carrier density () increases by three orders of magnitude.