Role of Inflammation in Short Sleep Duration Across Childhood and Psychosis in Young Adulthood.

Importance: Short sleep duration over a prolonged period in childhood could have a detrimental impact on long-term mental health, including the development of psychosis. Further, potential underlying mechanisms of these associations remain unknown.

Objective: To examine the association between persistent shorter nighttime sleep duration throughout childhood with psychotic experiences (PEs) and/or psychotic disorder (PD) at age 24 years and whether inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) potentially mediate any association.

Rates and associations of relapse over 5 years of 2649 people with bipolar disorder: a retrospective UK cohort study.

Background: Evidence regarding the rate of relapse in people with bipolar disorder (BD), particularly from the UK, is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the rate and associations of clinician-defined relapse over 5 years in a large sample of BD patients receiving routine care from a UK mental health service.

Method: We utilised de-identified electronic health records to sample people with BD at baseline.

Impact of anxiety and depression across childhood and adolescence on adverse outcomes in young adulthood: a UK birth cohort study.

Background: Little is still known about the long-term impact of childhood and adolescent persistent depression and anxiety in adulthood.

Aims: To investigate the impact of persistent anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression across childhood and adolescence on the development of multiple adverse outcomes in young adulthood.

Method: This study used data from 8122 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort.

The role of inflammation in the prospective associations between early childhood sleep problems and ADHD at 10 years: findings from a UK birth cohort study.

Background: Several underlying mechanisms potentially account for the link between sleep and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including inflammation. However, studies so far have been cross sectional. We investigate (a) the association between early childhood sleep and probable ADHD diagnosis in childhood and (b) whether childhood circulating inflammatory markers mediate these prospective associations.

Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on young patients with tic disorders: findings from a case-control study.

Background: Little is known about the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures on young patients with tic disorders. Previous studies focused on clinician and parent ratings of tic severity, whereas the only international self-report data are available for adult populations. We present the first findings from a case-control study on children and adolescents with tics during lockdown in Italy.

Persistent Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety and Risk for Psychosis: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Persistent anxiety in childhood and adolescence could represent a novel treatment target for psychosis, potentially targeting activation of stress pathways and secondary nonresolving inflammatory response. Here, we examined the association between persistent anxiety through childhood and adolescence with individuals with psychotic experiences (PEs) or who met criteria for psychotic disorder (PD) at age 24 years. We also investigated whether C-reactive protein mediated any association.

Understanding the Relationship Between Sleep Problems in Early Childhood and Borderline Personality Disorder: A Narrative Review.

Objective: Recent research indicates that sleep problems in childhood precede the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms, but the mechanisms by which sleep problems associate with BPD are still unknown. This narrative review aims to provide some potential explanations for how early sleep problems might associate with BPD.

Methods: We used the biosocial developmental model of BPD as a framework to discuss how sleep problems may associate with BPD.

Understanding Psychiatric Disorders in Idiopathic and Inherited (Monogenic) Forms of Isolated and Combined Dystonia: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The relationship between idiopathic and inherited (monogenic) forms of isolated and combined dystonia and psychiatric disorders remains unclear. In the present review, the authors aimed to provide increased clarity on this association through a systematic review of all controlled quantitative studies using a structured or semi-structured psychiatric interview to diagnose psychiatric disorders in individuals with these conditions.

Methods: Three databases were searched to identify 20 eligible studies, with a total of 1,275 participants fulfilling inclusion criteria.

Association of Parent-Reported Sleep Problems in Early Childhood With Psychotic and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Adolescence.

Importance: Persistent nightmares in childhood have been prospectively associated with psychosis and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescence. However, the extent to which this association is also true for behavioral sleep problems is still unknown, and the potential mechanisms are unexplored.

Objective: To examine the prospective associations between several parent-reported sleep problems in early childhood and psychotic and BPD symptoms at 11 to 13 years of age and the potential mediation of the associations by depression at 10 years of age.

Indicated prevention interventions for anxiety in children and adolescents: a review and meta-analysis of school-based programs.

Anxiety disorders are among the most common youth mental health disorders. Early intervention can reduce elevated anxiety symptoms. School-based interventions exist but it is unclear how effective targeted approaches are for reducing symptoms of anxiety.

Pharmacotherapy for tics in adult patients with Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders.

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) and persistent motor/vocal tic disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions characterised by the chronic presence of motor and/or vocal tics. Patients with TS often present with co-morbid disorders, especially attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (which tends to improve after childhood), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (which can persist in adulthood). We set out to explore pharmacotherapy for tics in adult patients with TS and persistent motor/vocal tic disorders, as well as its relationship with the presence of co-morbid conditions.

Late Diagnosis of Narcolepsy With Cataplexy: A Novel Case of Cataplectic Facies Presenting in an Elderly Woman.

Cataplectic facies is an unusual feature described in children with narcolepsy and cataplexy. The typical manifestations of cataplectic facies consist of repetitive mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and ptosis. An interesting observation is that the usual emotional triggers associated with cataplexy such as laughter and joking are not always present, thus hampering diagnosis of the underlying syndrome.

The impact of postpartum psychosis on partners.

Background: Postpartum Psychosis is a severe mental health condition following childbirth, with a psychosis and associated mood disturbance. Research to date has primarily focused on mothers' experiences, and on identifying risk factors, aetiology, and intervention efficacy. Within both research and clinical communities, there has been little acknowledgement of partners' experiences of Postpartum Psychosis, nor the important support role that partners can provide.

Qualitative exploration of the effect of a television soap opera storyline on women with experience of postpartum psychosis.

Background: Postpartum psychosis has recently been the focus of an in-depth storyline on a British television soap opera watched by millions of viewers.

Aims: This research explored how the storyline and concomitant increase in public awareness of postpartum psychosis have been received by women who have recovered from the condition.

Method: Nine semistructured, one-to-one interviews were conducted with women who had experienced postpartum psychosis.

Habitual sleep durations and subjective sleep quality predict white matter differences in the human brain.

Self-imposed short sleep durations are increasingly commonplace in society, and have considerable health and performance implications for individuals. Reduced sleep duration over multiple nights has similar behavioural effects to those observed following acute total sleep deprivation, suggesting that lack of sleep affects brain function cumulatively. A link between habitual sleep patterns and functional connectivity has previously been observed, and the effect of sleep duration on the brain's intrinsic functional architecture may provide a link between sleep status and cognition.

Systematic review of severity scales and screening instruments for tics: Critique and recommendations.

Background: Several clinician, informant, and self-report instruments for tics and associated phenomena have been developed that differ in construct, comprehensiveness, and ease of administration.

Objective: A Movement Disorders Society subcommittee aimed to rate psychometric quality of severity and screening instruments for tics and related sensory phenomena.

Methods: Following the methodology adopted by previous Movement Disorders Society subcommittee papers, a review of severity and screening instruments for tics was completed, applying a classification as "recommended," "suggested," or "listed" to each instrument.

Health-related quality of life in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome at the transition between adolescence and adulthood.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by tics and co-morbid behavioural problems, affecting predominantly male patients. Tic severity typically fluctuates over time, with a consistent pattern showing improvement after adolescence in a considerable proportion of patients. Both tics and behavioural co-morbidities have been shown to have the potential to affect patients' health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in children and adults with persisting symptoms.

Altered thalamocortical and intra-thalamic functional connectivity during light sleep compared with wake.

The transition from wakefulness into sleep is accompanied by modified activity in the brain's thalamocortical network. Sleep-related decreases in thalamocortical functional connectivity (FC) have previously been reported, but the extent to which these changes differ between thalamocortical pathways, and patterns of intra-thalamic FC during sleep remain untested. To non-invasively investigate thalamocortical and intra-thalamic FC as a function of sleep stage we recorded simultaneous EEG-fMRI data in 13 healthy participants during their descent into light sleep.

Variability in Cumulative Habitual Sleep Duration Predicts Waking Functional Connectivity.

Study Objectives: We examined whether interindividual differences in habitual sleep patterns, quantified as the cumulative habitual total sleep time (cTST) over a 2-w period, were reflected in waking measurements of intranetwork and internetwork functional connectivity (FC) between major nodes of three intrinsically connected networks (ICNs): default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN).

Methods: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using seed-based FC analysis combined with 14-d wrist actigraphy, sleep diaries, and subjective questionnaires (N = 33 healthy adults, mean age 34.3, standard deviation ± 11.

Triangles, tricks and tics: Hyper-mentalizing in response to animated shapes in Tourette syndrome.

Tourette syndrome (TS) can feature complex tics involving socially inappropriate behaviours. Adults with TS can also demonstrate differences to healthy controls when reasoning about mental states. This study investigated spontaneous mentalizing in TS.

Interpersonal reactivity differences in Tourette syndrome.

Tourette syndrome (TS) frequently involves complex tics with social significance, including imitation or socially inappropriate behaviour. This study explored every-day perspective taking and empathic tendencies in 95 patients with TS and 60 healthy controls. Analyses indicated that both males and females with TS exhibited a different interpersonal reactivity profile to controls, characterised by a reduced tendency to take other people's perspectives, and elevated personal distress in response to intense emotional situations (e.

Interaction without intent: the shape of the social world in Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative condition. Patients with this movement disorder can exhibit deficits on tasks involving Theory of Mind (ToM): the ability to understand mental states such as beliefs and emotions. We investigated mental state inference in HD in response to ambiguous animations involving geometric shapes, while exploring the impact of symptoms within cognitive, emotional and motor domains.