Synthesis of metallic magnesium nanoparticles by sonoelectrochemistry.

4 nm sized metallic magnesium particles were prepared by the sonoelectrochemical method.

Core-shell nanorods of SnS-C and SnSe-C: synthesis and characterization.

The straightforward, efficient, solventless, RAPET (reactions under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature) approach was explored for the fabrication of core-shell nanomaterials. Carbon-encapsulated SnS and SnSe nanorods were synthesized by a one-step thermal decomposition of tetramethyltin in the presence of either S or Se powder in a closed reactor at 700 degrees C for 40 min, under their autogenic pressure in an inert atmosphere. The powder X-ray diffraction measurements provided structural evidence for the formation of pure orthorhombic phases of SnS or SnSe particles.

Preparation and properties of proteinaceous microspheres made sonochemically.

In 1990, Suslick and co-workers developed a method in which they used high-intensity ultrasound to make aqueous suspensions of proteinaceous microcapsules filled with water-insoluble liquids, and demonstrated the chemical mechanism of their formation. Suslick's paper opened up a new field that is reviewed in the current manuscript, and this article will attempt to review the experiments that have been conducted since the discovery of this phenomenon. It will answer questions regarding the mechanism of the formation of the microspheres, whether the sonication denaturates the protein or if its biological activity is maintained, and, finally, will address possible applications of the proteinaceous microspheres.

Synthesis of WO(3) nanoparticles using a biopolymer as a template for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Tungsten trioxide nanoparticles were prepared by a simple approach using chitosan biopolymer as a template. These nanoparticles were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The average size of the WO(3) nanoparticles is 42 nm, and they intercalate a larger amount of hydrogen than tungsten trioxide, which is prepared without chitosan.

Microwave-Assisted Coating of PMMA beads by silver nanoparticles.

Microwave (MW) irradiation was found to be a new technique for coating silver nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 31 nm onto the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA beads (3 mm diameter). The microwave polyol reduction was carried out under an argon atmosphere. Silver nanoparticles were obtained by the MW irradiation of a solution mixture containing silver nitrate (or silver acetate), poly(ethylene glycol), ethanol, water, and 24 wt % aqueous ammonia for 5 min in the presence of PMMA beads, yielding a PMMA-nanosilver composite.

External magnetic field-induced mesoscopic organization of Fe3O4 pyramids and carbon sheets.

The current investigation is centered on the thermal decomposition of iron(II) acetyl acetonate, Fe(C5H7O2)2, in a closed cell at 700 degrees C, which is conducted under a magnetic field (MF) of 10 T. The product is compared with a similar reaction that was carried out without a MF. This article shows how the reaction without a MF produces spherical Fe3O4 particles coated with carbon.

Difference in the bonding scheme of calix(6)arene and p-sulfonic calix(6)arene to nanoparticles of Fe(2)O(3) and Fe(3)O(4).

Calix(6)arene (C6) and p-sulfonic calix(6)arene (p-C6) formed chemical bonds with Fe(2)O(3) and Fe(3)O(4), respectively. The complexes exhibit different nature of bonding of C6 and p-C6 to the substrates.

Doping nanoparticles into polymers and ceramics using ultrasound radiation.

In materials science, sonochemistry is mostly used for the fabrication of nanomaterials, but it has also been used for the polymerization of monomers. The current review is aimed at introducing a new application of sonochemistry to materials science, i.e.

MnO octahedral nanocrystals and MnO@C core-shell composites: synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalytic properties.

We present a simple and facile synthesis of MnO octahedral nanocrystals and MnO@C core-shell composite nanoparticles. The synthesis is accomplished by a single-step direct pyrolysis of cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate in specially made Let-lock union cells. The products are characterized by HRSEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV).

Loading magnetic nanoparticles into sperm cells does not affect their functionality.

The spontaneous loading of magnetite nanoparticles into sperm cell was carried out by mixing an aqueous colloidal solution of Fe3O4-PVA with sperm cells (10(8) cells/ml) for 2 h at 37 degrees C suspended in glucose-free modified Tyrode solution. The penetration of the magnetite nanoparticles into the sperm cells was monitored by conventional analytical chemistry. We have demonstrated that the motility and the ability to undergo the acrosome reaction (i.

Pulsed sonoelectrochemical synthesis of size-controlled copper nanoparticles stabilized by poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone).

A novel sonoelectrochemical method for the size-controlled synthesis of spherical copper nanoparticles in an aqueous phase was developed. In this study, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as the stabilizer for the copper clusters. The copper nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, UV-vis, IR, DLS, TEM, and HRTEM.

Sonochemically prepared Pt/CeO2 and its application as a catalyst in ethyl acetate combustion.

Highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles were incorporated in CeO2 nanopowders by an ultrasound-assisted reduction procedure. The activity of the Pt/CeO2 catalysts was studied in the reaction of the ethyl acetate combustion, and complete conversion was achieved at low temperature. It was demonstrated that the higher dispersion of the CeO2 support, the better the performance of the Pt/CeO2 catalysts.

Fabrication and magnetic properties of Ni nanospheres encapsulated in a fullerene-like carbon.

A very simple, efficient, and economical synthetic technique, which produces fascinating fullerene-like Ni-C (graphitic) core-shell nanostructures at a relatively low temperature, is reported. The thermal dissociation of Ni acetylacetonate is carried out in a closed vessel cell (Swagelok) that was heated at 700 degrees C for 3 h. The encapsulation of ferromagnetic Ni nanospheres into the onion structured graphitic layers is obtained in a one-stage, single precursor reaction, without a catalyst, that possesses interesting magnetic properties.

Applied magnetic field rejects the coating of ferromagnetic carbon from the surface of ferromagnetic cobalt: RAPET of CoZr2(acac)2(OiPr)8.

We present the results of the RAPET (reaction under autogenic pressure at elevated temperatures) dissociation of CoZr(2)(acac)(2)(O(i)Pr)(8) at 700 degrees C in a closed Swagelok cell under an applied magnetic field of 10 T. It produces a mixture of carbon-coated and noncoated metastable ZrO(2) nanoparticles, bare metallic Co nanoparticles, and bare carbon. The same reaction in the absence of a magnetic field produces spherical Co and ZrO(2) particles in sizes ranging from 11 to 16 nm and exhibiting, at room temperature, metastable phases: fcc for cobalt and a tetragonal phase for zirconia.

Synthesis of a conducting SiO2-carbon composite from commercial silicone grease and its conversion to paramagnetic SiO2 particles.

The thermal decomposition of commercial silicone grease was carried out in a closed reactor (Swagelok) that was heated at 800 degrees C for 3 h, yielding a SiO2-carbon composite with a BET surface area of 369 m2/g. The bulk conductivity (5.72 x 10(-6) S x cm(-2)) of the SiO2-carbon composite was determined by impedance measurements.

Thermal decomposition of commercial silicone oil to produce high yield high surface area SiC nanorods.

This article reports on the synthesis of high surface area (563m2/g) beta-SiC nanorods by thermal decomposition of commercial silicone oil at a relatively low reaction temperature (800 degrees C) in a closed Swagelok cell. High yield (75%) of SiC nanorods are obtained in this one-stage, solvent-, catalyst-, and template-free synthesis technique that runs at a relative low temperature and employs cheap single-precursor. The morphological (TEM, HR-SEM), compositional (CHNS, EDX, SAEDX]), structural (XRD, HR-TEM, and ED), thermal (TGA) characterizations and surface area analysis are carried out for the obtained SiC nanorods.

Formation of a three-dimensional microstructure of Fe3O4-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite by evaporating the hydrosol under a magnetic field.

In this paper, we report on the self-assembly formation of three-dimensional microstructures of Fe3O4 hydrosol. First, we perform new, facile, and direct fabrication of a stable hydrosol of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, based on the sonolysis of an aqueous solution of iron acetate in the presence of PVA-100,000. This is then followed by investigations of the formation of different microstructures obtained on drying a drop of the water suspension on a glass microscope substrate.

A microwave route for the synthesis of nanoflakes and dendrites-type beta-ln2S3 and their characterization.

In this article, a simple microwave route was applied for the synthesis of nanoflakes and dendrite-type beta-indium sulfide (In2S3) in high yield (> 97%), using a homogeneous mixture of indium(lll)chloride and thiourea in an ethylene glycol (EG)/polyethylene glycol (PEG400) solvent. The reaction was conducted in a simple domestic microwave oven (DMO). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), low resolution and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (LRTEM and HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were applied to investigate the crystallinity, structure, morphology, and composition of the In2S3 nano-materials.

Generation of hydrophilic, bamboo-shaped multiwalled carbon nanotubes by solid-state pyrolysis and its electrochemical studies.

A simple, efficient, and novel method was developed for the direct preparation of hydrophilic, bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes by the pyrolysis of ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate in a Swagelock cell is reported. The obtained product exhibits mostly bamboo-shaped, straight, periodic twisted, multiwalled carbon nanotubes possessing diameters of 50-80 nm and lengths of around 10 microm. The pyrolyzed product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman, and cyclic voltammetric techniques.

Are sonochemically prepared alpha-amylase protein microspheres biologically active?

Using high-intensity ultrasound, we have synthesized alpha-amylase microspheres. The paper presented characterization as well as catalytic experiments of the sonochemically-produced microspheres. It also provided an estimate of the efficiency of the sonochemical process in converting the native protein to microspheres.

Synthesis of WO3 nanorods by reacting WO(OMe)4 under autogenic pressure at elevated temperature followed by annealing.

This article reports on the fabrication of WO(3) nanorods using an efficient straightforward synthetic technique, without a catalyst, and using a single precursor. The thermal dissociation of WO(OMe)(4) at 700 degrees C in a closed Swagelok cell under an air/inert atmosphere yielded W(18)O(49) nanorods. Annealing of W(18)O(49) at 500 degrees C under an air atmosphere led to the formation of pure WO(3) nanorods.

Sonochemical deposition of Au nanoparticles on titania and the significant decrease in the melting point of gold.

In this article, sub-micron size particles of titania were coated by a nanosized gold particles with the aid of power ultrasound. We could achieve a uniform coating of gold nanoparticles on a titania surface with a maximum gold loading of 10 wt%. In addition, we report on the experimental evidence for a significant decrease in the melting point of gold nanoparticles (<2 nm) by approximately 850 degrees C from that of the bulk material.

Controlling the agglomeration of anisotropic Ru nanoparticles by the microwave-polyol process.

A rapid polyol process for the synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles was developed using microwave irradiation. A colloidal solution of monodispersed anisotropic Ru metal nanoparticles (mean particle size 2-6 nm) with different aspect ratios was obtained first. Particles with different degrees of agglomeration have also been synthesized using monodisperse particles as seeds and PVP (poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) as the stabilization reagent.