Optimized health care for subjects with type 1 diabetes in a resource constraint society: A three-year follow-up study from Pakistan.

Background: Inadequate health infrastructure and poverty especially in rural areas are the main hindrance in the optimal management of subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Pakistan.

Aim: To observe effectiveness of diabetes care through development of model clinics for subjects with T1D in the province of Sindh Pakistan.

Methods: A welfare project with name of "Insulin My Life", was started in province of Sindh, Pakistan.

Comparative Analysis of Electrochemiluminescence Assay and Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay for the Screening of Hepatitis C.

The primary objective of the study was to identify a highly sensitive and specific screening technique for the detection of Hepatitis C infection in healthy blood donors in a low prevalence area for HCV. In this study, two of the most commonly used methods for Anti-HCV screening, i.e.

A comparative protein analysis of lung cancer, along with three controls using a multidimensional proteomic approach.

A multistep proteomics fractionation strategy was developed and validated for the discovery of proteomic biomarkers which could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring the progression of disease in smokers and COPD patients towards lung cancer.

Diabetic hypoglycaemia during Ramadan fasting: A trans-national observational real-world study.

Objectives: To describe the risk of hypoglycaemia during Ramadan and determine its risk factors, and the impact of hypoglycaemia on patients' behaviour.

Methods: A cross-sectional multi-country observational study, with data captured within 6 weeks after Ramadan 2015. Patients' and disease characteristics and its management, the risk of hypoglycaemia and patients' response to hypoglycaemia were recorded.

Impact of multidisciplinary foot care team on outcome of diabetic foot ulcer in term of lower extremity amputation at a tertiary care unit in Karachi, Pakistan.

To compare the outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in terms of healing and lower extremity amputation (LEA) rate before and after training of multidisciplinary foot care team (MDFCT). Subjects were categorised into two groups; Group-A cases seen between 1997 and 2006 (before upgrading of training and services of MDFCT) and Group-B cases seen between 2007 and 2016 (after upgrading of training and services of MDFCT). Baseline demographic characteristics, biochemical results, and outcomes of DFU in terms of healing or amputation were analysed by using statistical package social science (SPSS) version 20.

Clinical features, biochemistry and HLA-DRB1 status in youth-onset type 1 diabetes in Pakistan.

Published information on diabetes in Pakistani youth is limited. We aimed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and biochemical features, and HLA-DRB1 alleles in new cases of diabetes affecting children and adolescents <22 years of age. The study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology in Karachi from June 2013-December 2015.

Identification of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin in home mix layer poultry feed in relation to seasons in Karachi, Pakistan.

Fungal toxins in feed are leading issue in poultry industry causing a detrimental effect on the performance and health of poultry. The study was carried out to determine the incidence and concentration of the aflatoxins and their major producer Aspergillus flavus in home mix layer poultry feed in respect of seasonal variation throughout the year. A total of (n = 204) home mix poultry layer feed samples were analyzed for the isolation of fungi.

Current management strategies to target the increasing incidence of diabetes within Pakistan.

According to the recently published National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP 2016-2017), the prevalence of diabetes is 26.3%. Hence, Pakistan has around 27.

Pre-Ramadan health seeking behavior, fasting trends, eating pattern and sleep cycle in pregnant women at a tertiary care institution of Pakistan.

Objective: To observe the pre-Ramadan health seeking behavior, fasting trends, eating pattern and, sleep cycle in pregnant women.

Methods: It is a cross-sectional observational study, from July to September 2017, conducted at Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi. The tool used for data collection was interviewer based closed ended questionnaire, 279 pregnant women who fasted during Ramadan were included in the study.

In vitro antibacterial susceptibility of different brands of oral levofloxacin 250 mg tablet against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Antibiotics are not only used in morbidity but also help in prevention of infection. The irrational use of broad spectrum antibiotics is now increasing the resistance against pathogens. This present study has been carried out to evaluate the in-vitro antibacterial effect of levofloxacin against clinical isolates.

Outbreak Of Chikungunya Virus In Karachi, Pakistan.

In this report, aim is to highlight the recent outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan. Chikungunya virus is transmitted by infected Aedes mosquitoes. Firstly, described as an outbreak in southern Tanzania in 1952 and later spread in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Pakistan and diabetes-A country on the edge.

The rising burden of diabetes is mainly ascribed to environmental and emotional changes. The main contributors are sedentary lifestyle including internet and TV usage, caloric rich diets leading to increasing obesity. The National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP 2016-2017) has reported the prevalence of diabetes as 26.

Sociodemographic Characteristics as Predictors of Satisfaction in Public and Private Dental Clinics.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate influence of multiple sociodemographic characteristics on the patient satisfaction levels in outpatient public and private dental practices of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Questionnaire-based survey data were collected from 500 patients, 250 each from the public and private dental clinics of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from September to December, 2017. Questions related to demographic factors and service attributes were included.

Incidence of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: A 12 year longitudinal study from Karachi-Pakistan.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of microvascular complications among subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal follow-up study assessed the data records of type 2 diabetic subjects who visited the outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, from January 2005 to April 2016. Subjects with gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes and with history of any microvascular complication were excluded.

Novel approach in managing post-extraction alveolar bone dimensions.

This case report presents a novel approach towards the preservation of alveolar ridge dimensions following the extraction of an upper left lateral incisor. The extracted teeth of a 56-year old patient was ground with a diamond bur running under the normal saline spray. Sedimented fine tooth-powder was collected and mixed with 2.

Multicomponent spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of carboxymethylflavin and its hydrolytic products: kinetic applications.

The simultaneous assay of carboxymethylflavin (CMF), an intermediate in the photolysis of riboflavin, and its hydrolytic side-chain cleavage products, lumichrome (LC) (acid solution) and LC and lumiflavin (LF) as well as isoalloxazine ring cleavage products, 1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-keto-3-quinoxaline carboxylic acid (KA) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2,3-dioxo-quinoxaline (DQ) (alkaline solution) has been carried out by a multicomponent spectrofluorimetric method. The method is based on the adjustment of pH of the degraded solutions to 2.0 and extraction of LC and LF with chloroform.

Gender Differences and Comorbidities in U.S. Adults with Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Past studies have evaluated the association of various comorbidities with bipolar disorder. This study analyzes differences in the prevalence and association of medical and psychiatric comorbidities in bipolar patients by gender.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2010⁻2014).

Protein requirement and its intake in subjects with diabetic foot ulcers at a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To assess the protein intake and requirement among subject with type 2 diabetes having foot ulcers.

Methods: This study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology (BIDE), a tertiary care diabetes centre of Karachi, Pakistan among people with type 2 diabetic foot ulcer attending foot clinic from January 2012 to March 2015. The baseline characteristics, dietary intake and laboratory investigations of the study participants were obtained through electronic hospital database "Health Management System" (HMS) based on the 24 hours dietary recall interview.

Association of serum liver enzyme Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: To assess the association of raised serum liver enzyme (ALT) with type 2 diabetic subjects.

Methods: This retrospective data was accessed at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE) from January 2005 to May 2016. A total of 1966 subjects with type 2 diabetes were included in the study.

Comparison of popular sagittal cephalometric analyses for validity and reliability.

Background: The analysis of skeletal relationships of jaws in the sagittal plane is of utmost importance in orthodontic diagnosis for which numerous lateral cephalometric analyses have emerged. None of the analyses is without flaws. Current study compares ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, Yen angle and W angle for their validity and reliability in diagnosis of skeletal classes.

Prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and associated risk factors: second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP), 2016-2017.

Objective: The second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (second NDSP) was planned to ascertain the updated prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and associated risk factors at the national and provincial levels.

Research Design And Methods: The survey was conducted by using multistage clustering technique in all four provinces of Pakistan from February 2016 to August 2017. An estimated sample size of 10 800 was calculated using probability sampling and multistage stratified sampling technique.

Multicomponent spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of formylmethylflavin and its hydrolytic products: Kinetic applications.

A multicomponent spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the simultaneous assay of formylmethylflavin (FMF), an intermediate product in the photolysis of riboflavin (vitamin B), and its side-chain hydrolytic products, lumichrome (LC) in acidic solution and LC and lumiflavin (LF) in the alkaline solution as well as its ring cleavage products, 1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-keto-3-quinoxaline carboxylic acid (KA) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2,3-dioxo-quinoxaline (DQ) in alkaline solution. The assay method also takes into account an oxidation product of FMF, i.e.

Blood glucose meters and test strips: global market and challenges to access in low-resource settings.

Blood glucose meters and test strips for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) are often inaccessible to, and infrequently used by, people with diabetes in countries with limited resources for health care. Supplies for measuring blood glucose can also be scarce in health facilities, despite being needed in a myriad of clinical settings at all levels of the health system. Numerous studies and international guidelines emphasise the value of SMBG in diabetes care, particularly in people with type 1 diabetes.

Association of Thrombomodulin Gene Polymorphism (C1418T) With Coronary Artery Disease in Pakistani Population.

Objectives: To find out the association between Thrombomodulin gene polymorphism (C1418T) with coronary artery disease in population of Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Tabba Heart Institute in collaboration with the National Institute of Blood Diseases, Karachi. We compared C/T dimorphism in 92 cases with 90 control subjects by allele-specific amplification.