Cholangiocyte organoids for disease, cancer, and regenerative medicine.

The biliary tract is a ductal network comprising the intrahepatic (IHBDs) and extrahepatic bile duct (EHBDs). Biliary duct disorders include cholangitis, neoplasms, and injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

The Fate of the DAIR, Outcomes After One Year: a large database study.

Debridement with antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) is commonly utilized for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA); particularly in cases of acute PJI 1. Reported success rates of DAIR have been highly variable, but the overall success rate of DAIR cohort studies is ~70-80% 2. However, no large database studies have investigated the success rate of DAIR.

Factors Influencing Nerinetide Effect on Infarct Volume in Patients Without Alteplase in the Randomized ESCAPE-NA1 Trial.

Background: In the ESCAPE-NA1 trial (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke), treatment with nerinetide was associated with a smaller infarct volume among patients who did not receive intravenous alteplase. We assessed the effect of nerinetide on the surrogate imaging outcome of final infarct volume in patients who did not receive intravenous alteplase and explored predictors of outcome and modifiers of nerinetide's effect on infarct volume.

Methods: ESCAPE-NA1 was a multicenter, randomized trial in which patients with acute stroke with a baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score >4, undergoing endovascular thrombectomy, were randomized to receive intravenous nerinetide or placebo.

Transarterial embolization of petrosal dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF): Feasible and successful in the post-Onyx era.

Background: Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is a rare arteriovenous malformation with potentially severe complications. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of transarterial embolization (TAE) in treating petrous dAVFs through a retrospective analysis and literature review.

Case Description: A retrospective analysis of six patients with petrous dAVFs treated with TAE was conducted, accompanied by a systematic literature review to evaluate treatment outcomes.

Developing a modern radiotherapy department in a rural hospital in Cameroon: The Mbingo experience.

Although radiotherapy is critical for cancer cure and palliation, access to such expensive and sophisticated technology is very limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Cancer incidence in Africa is currently 1.5 million case per year, thus urgent and innovative solutions are required to build necessary infrastructure needed to address this global health challenge.

The Effect of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Design and Surgical Indications on Deltoid and Rotator Cuff Muscle Length.

Background: Advancements in surgical planning, technique, and prosthesis design have improved adaptation to patient anatomy in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). Postoperative changes in deltoid and rotator cuff muscle length are important and may vary based on preoperative indications and prosthesis selection. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the changes in deltoid and rotator cuff muscle length for planned rTSA using the spectrum of prosthesis configurations in both GHOA and RCA.

"Is it time to initiate scrub typhus surveillance in Karnataka?"-Lessons from a seroprevalence survey in a rural district.

Background: Scrub typhus, caused by , is a commonly occurring, but underdiagnosed rickettsial infection in India. Considering the high incidence of scrub typhus among patients with acute febrile illness in the hospital setting and the paucity of community seroprevalence studies, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of scrub typhus in the community in the Bengaluru Rural District.

Methods: A pilot cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and December 2022 among eligible asymptomatic adults from five randomly selected villages of the Bangalore Rural District after obtaining written informed consent.

The utility of low-cost negative pressure wound therapy in Cameroon.

Musculoskeletal injuries are common in Cameroon. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can effectively manage complex wounds including open fractures, however high cost and unavailability prevent its widespread use. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy in Cameroon of a low-cost NPWT (LCNPWT) device built from an aquarium pump costing less than $100.

Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Body Weight, BMI, and Body Composition in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health issue, affecting millions and leading to significant healthcare costs. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a potential treatment option. Still, their effects on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition compared to other diabetes medications or placebos remain unclear.

Evaluation of Analgesic Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Local Anaesthesia in Maxillofacial Soft Tissue Injuries: A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial.

Aims And Objectives: Dexmedetomidine is a relatively new, potent, and highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for perioperative sympatholytic, analgesia, and sedation. We conducted this study to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to local anaesthesia for maxillofacial soft tissue injuries as day care in the emergency department on patient hemodynamics and analgesic efficacy.

Materials And Methods: Eighty patients gave informed consent to participate in the study.

Initial clinical evaluation of a novel integrative bone matrix (IBM) in foot and ankle fusion procedures.

Background: Foot and ankle arthrodesis procedures are frequently performed in concert with the utilization of bone grafts. However, the availability of autologous bone is often limited, inaccessible, or not suitable, thus there is a need for bone graft substitutes with equally effective clinical outcomes. A next generation integrative bone matrix (IBM) has been developed that has intrinsic osteogenic, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive characteristics, and is a promising solution to mitigate complications such as nonunion and reduce the need for autologous bone graft harvest.

Clinical outcomes validate the RAND/UCLA appropriateness criteria algorithm for anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty for streamlining the clinical decision-making process.

Aims: A recent study used the RAND Corporation at University of California, Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA) method to develop anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) appropriateness criteria. The purpose of our study was to determine how patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) vary based on appropriateness.

Methods: Clinical data from a multicentre database identified patients who underwent primary aTSA from November 2004 to January 2023.

A Readmission Risk Assessment Tool Is Not Predictive of 90-Day Readmission After Total Joint Arthroplasty at an Urban Tertiary Referral Hospital.

Introduction: Readmission within 90 days of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) via an emergency department (ED) encounter represents a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. We aimed to determine the utility of a previously described readmission risk assessment tool (RRAT) in predicting readmission after presentation to the ED within 90 days of primary TJA.

Methods: At a single academic tertiary referral medical center, a retrospective chart review was used to collect demographic data, surgery type, medical history, reason for presentation in the ED, and ED disposition for the 1,576 patients who underwent TJA between April 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018.

Retrospective Assessment of Post-Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Complications in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients: Impact of Acute Urinary Retention.

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urological condition affecting older men, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and complications such as acute urinary retention (AUR), which can significantly impact quality of life. This study aims at comparing the postoperative outcomes and complication rates of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in BPH patients with and without AUR. By examining the differences in postoperative outcomes, the study seeks to highlight the impact of AUR on complications such as UTIs, prolonged catheterization, and extended hospital stays, and assess the potential clinical implications for improving treatment strategies in these patients.

Comprehensive Analysis of Thyroidectomy-Related Complications: A Single-Center Perspective.

Background Thyroid surgeries have become so common that they are performed for both benign and malignant conditions of the thyroid. However, hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury may turn out to be a nightmare, complicating the surgical outcome. This study will, therefore, attempt to assess the complications related to different types of thyroid surgeries in order to identify the risk factors involved.

Erosive bilateral glenohumeral osteoarthritis caused by urosepsis-induced septic arthritis.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bacterial infections of the skin, soft tissues, bones, bloodstream, and respiratory system. When the infection spreads to the joints, it is known as septic arthritis. The shoulder is the third most common location for septic arthritis in adults.

Minimal Stimulus Strategy in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Its Application in a Resource Limited Setting.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause for vertigo. It is diagnosed by the characteristic nystagmus induced by provocative positional tests. During these positional tests the patient experiences spinning vertigo and neurovegetative symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

Non-Opioid Analgesia Protocols After Total Hip Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Updated Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Despite their effectiveness in postoperative analgesia regimens for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA), opioid medications are accompanied by well-known side effects and a risk of long-term dependence. These drawbacks have prompted the exploration of opioid-free analgesia protocols. The purpose of this study was to summarize the nature and extent of evidence available on opioid-free analgesia protocols in THA and TKA management.

Key Takeaways From the ISASS Webinar Series on Current and Emerging Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery | Part 2: Polytomous Rasch Analysis of Learning Curve and Surgeon Endorsement of Biportal, Interlaminar, and Transforaminal Endoscopic Stenosis Decompression, Discectomy, and Laminectomy in Combination With Interspinous Process Spacers.

Background: The International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery hosted the second of a series of 4 webinars on endoscopic spine surgery techniques. The second webinar focused on the application of unilateral biportal endoscopy for discectomy and laminectomy in combination with interbody fusion and interspinous process spacers. This series was intended to identify current trends with contemporary modern endoscopic spine surgery techniques.

Insights on High-Value Procedures From the ISASS 4-Part Webinar Series on Current and Emerging Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery Based on Surgeon Experience.

Background: The authors conducted a comprehensive review and integration of insights from 4 webinars hosted by the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery (ISASS) to arrive at recommendations for best clinical practices for guideline development for endoscopic spine surgery. This perspective article discusses the limitations of traditional surgical trials and amalgamates surgeons' experience and research on various cutting-edge techniques.

Methods: Data were extracted from surveys conducted during each webinar session involving 3639 surgeons globally.

Mixed-phenotype leukemia with TCF3::ZNF384 fusion presenting as an isolated mediastinal mass.

Acute leukemia with TCF3::ZNF384 is a distinct type of acute leukemia that present most commonly as B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia or mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (B/myeloid). We report the first case of TCF3::ZNF384 mixed-phenotype leukemia presenting as isolated extramedullary disease in the mediastinum. Diagnosis using RNA-sequencing and whole genome sequencing on the primary issue is illustrated.