Community clinics in Bangladesh: A unique example of public-private partnership.

Background: Bangladesh has established more than 13,000 community clinics (CCs) to provide primary healthcare with a plan of each covering a population of around 6,000. The inception of CCs in the country has revolutionized the healthcare delivery to reach the doorstep of people. The provision of healthcare through CCs is truly participatory since the community people donate land for building infrastructure and also involve in management process.

Validation of a food frequency questionnaire as a tool for assessing dietary intake in cardiovascular disease research and surveillance in Bangladesh.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a major public health concern in Bangladesh. Diet is an established risk factor for CVD but a tool to assess dietary intake in Bangladesh is lacking. This study aimed to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using the 24-h dietary recall method and corresponding nutritional biological markers among rural and urban populations of Bangladesh.

Children's exposure to psychological abuse and neglect: A population-based study in rural Bangladesh.

Aim: We aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of child psychological abuse and neglect in a rural area of Bangladesh.

Methods: Data were obtained from interviewing 1416 children aged 11-17 years administering the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children between March and April 2017. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the risks of child psychological abuse and neglect.

Risk of diabetic foot ulcer and its associated factors among Bangladeshi subjects: a multicentric cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess the risk of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and find out its associated factors among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) of Bangladesh.

Design, Setting And Participants: This cross-sectional study recruited 1200 subjects with T2D who visited 16 centres of Health Care Development Project run by Diabetic Association of Bangladesh.

Primary And Secondary Outcome Measures: Risk of DFU was assessed using a modified version of International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) Risk Classification System.

Lack of knowledge and misperceptions about thalassaemia among college students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional baseline study.

Background: Thalassaemia is a potentially life-threatening yet preventable inherited hemoglobin disorder. Understanding local socio-cultural context and level of public awareness about thalassaemia is pivotal for selecting effective prevention strategies. This study attempted to assess knowledge and perceptions about thalassaemia among college students in Bangladesh.

The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study.

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017.

Understanding patients' experience living with diabetes type 2 and effective disease management: a qualitative study following a mobile health intervention in Bangladesh.

Background: In 2017, 425 million adults worldwide had diabetes; 80% were living in low and middle-income countries. Bangladesh had 6.9 million adults with diabetes; death from diabetes comprised 3% of the country's total mortality.

Salt Intake Behaviors among Type 2 Diabetic Patients of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Dhaka City.

Hypertension and diabetes co-exist frequently. Therefore, salt intake behavior, a risk factor of hypertension, in diabetic patients plays an important role in determining their cardiovascular outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and behaviors of health risks associated with a salt intake in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Seasonal Variations in Physical Activity Domains among Rural and Urban Bangladeshis Using a Culturally Relevant Past Year Physical Activity Questionnaire (PYPAQ).

While the effect of weather and seasons on physical activity (PA) is well documented for leisure-time physical activities in western countries, scant information is available for developing countries where lifestyle PA is the major source of energy expenditure (EE). In Bangladesh, the traditional calendar divides the year to six seasons that last two months each: summer, rainy, autumn, late autumn, winter, and spring. We developed the Past Year Physical Activity Questionnaire to record culturally relevant physical activities and to help assess the seasonal variation in total and domain-specific PA in Bangladesh.

Effect of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in a Lower-Middle Income Country: RESULTS FROM A CONTROLLED TRIAL.

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in lower-middle income countries (LMICs), including Bangladesh. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as part of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity and improve quality of life and exercise capacity. However, to date, very few controlled trials of CR have been conducted in LMICs.

Maternal BMI and nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes at birth in Bangladesh.

Background: To assess the maternal characteristics and nutritional status according to body mass index (BMI) at 6-14 weeks of gestation and to examine the relationship between maternal nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal birth weight.

Methods: The investigation was conducted from April 2011 to June 2012 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 498 primigravida pregnant women participated in the study; women with known diabetes or previous gestational diabetes (GDM) were excluded.

Clinical features, biochemistry and HLA-DRB1 status in children and adolescents with diabetes in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Aims: Little information is published on diabetes in young people in Bangladesh. We aimed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and biochemical features, and HLA-DRB1 alleles in new cases of diabetes affecting Bangladeshi children and adolescents <22 years of age.

Methods: The study was conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) in Dhaka.

Glucose and lipid lowering effects of Enhydra fluctuans extract in cadmium treated normal and type-2 diabetic model rats.

Background: Recent epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that cadmium and diabetes-related hyperglycemia may act synergistically to worsen metabolic regulation. The present study aims to evaluate the potential effects of Enhydra fluctuans extract in diabetes and dyslipidemia in cadmium (CdCl) induced- normal and type 2 diabetic model rats.

Method: Forty-eight Long-Evans rats were divided equally into the following six groups: Normal Control (N-C), Normal treated with CdCl (N-Cd), Normal treated with plant extract (N-P), Normal treated with both plant extract and CdCl (N-PCd), Diabetic treated with plant extract (DM-P) and Diabetic treated with both plant extract and CdCl2 (DM-PCd).

Association of biomass fuel smoke exposure and hypertension among rural women of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

Exposure to biomass fuel smoke has detrimental health effects causing chronic diseases. This study investigated the relationship between biomass fuel smoke exposure and hypertension among the rural Bangladeshi women. A total of 410 women aged 19-60 years were enrolled in this study during April-May 2017 who regularly cooked with biomass fuel in traditional cook stove for the past ≥1 year.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: a prevalence based cost-of-illness study.

Background: The economic burden of type 2 diabetes has not been adequately investigated in many low- and lower middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes and to find its determinants in Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 to recruit 1253 participants with type 2 diabetes from six diabetes hospitals, providing primary to tertiary health care services, located in the northern and central regions of Bangladesh.

Oyster mushroom functions as an anti-hyperglycaemic through phosphorylation of AMPK and increased expression of GLUT4 in type 2 diabetic model rats.

Objectives: Traditionally, mushrooms have been used to reduce hyperglycaemia. However, the mechanism underlying this effect has not yet been explored. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to reduce hyperglycaemia through an insulin-independent pathway.

Renoprotective effects of stevia ( Bertoni), amlodipine, valsartan, and losartan in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat model: Biochemical, hematological and histological approaches.

The current study investigated the renoprotective effects of stevia, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT) blocker and calcium (Ca) channel blocker in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat models. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats of eight weeks old were taken for the experiment: sham control, nephrotoxicity, treatment with amlodipine (4 mg/kg/day); stevia (200 mg/kg/day); losartan (15 mg/kg/day) and valsartan (5 mg/kg/day), accordingly. The blood sample was taken for the assessment of renal and hepatic-functional variables like serum creatinine, blood urea, BUN and SGPT, SGOT, and total serum bilirubin.

Burden of macro- and micro-vascular complications of type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.

Objective: The aim was to estimate the burden of macro- and micro-vascular complications on hospitalisation and healthcare cost among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017. A total of 1253 patients were recruited from six hospitals.

Glycaemic Control for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh - An urgent need for optimization of management plan.

The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of glycaemic control among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out during March to September 2017, and 1253 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from six hospitals. Data were collected from patients via face-to-face interview, and their medical records were reviewed.

Atherogenic index of plasma and its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors among postmenopausal rural women of Bangladesh.

Objectives: There is absolute lacking of evidences on atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among postmenopausal women of Bangladesh. This prompted us to investigate this association between AIP and CVD risk factors among postmenopausal women in a rural setting.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 265 postmenopausal women aged 40-70 years who visited a primary health-care center of Bangladesh.

Agreement between 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines and Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee Guidelines to Estimate Prevalence of Postmenopausal Hypertension in a Rural Area of Bangladesh: A Cross Sectional Study.

Justification for application of 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines to detect hypertension (HTN) among Bangladeshi population is understudied. This prompted us to examine the level of agreement between 2017 ACC/AHA and Joint National Committee 7 (JNC 7) guidelines to detect postmenopausal HTN in a rural area of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study recruited 265 postmenopausal women of 40-70 years of age who visited a rural primary health care centre of Bangladesh.

Concordance between two versions of world health organization/international society of hypertension risk prediction chart and framingham risk score among postmenopausal women in a rural area of Bangladesh.

Background: Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among postmenopausal women with limited resource is a great challenge for a country like Bangladesh.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level of agreement among different risk prediction tools to find out the cost-effective and suitable one that can be applied in a low-resource setting.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from February through December 2016 among 265 postmenopausal women of 40-70 years age.