Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aims to consolidate and analyze the existing evidence on Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) in the pediatric population, focusing on clinical features, diagnostic challenges, treatment outcomes, and prognosis.

Background: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare headache disorder caused by idiopathic inflammation of the cavernous sinus, orbital apex, or orbit, resulting in neuro-ophthalmological manifestations. It is uniquely characterized by cranial nerve palsies and often responds well to steroids.

Ophthalmic Manifestations of Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of 86 Cases.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to consolidate evidence on ophthalmological manifestations of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, focusing on its presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Methods: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses-adherent systematic review was conducted across 3 databases from inception until September 2024. Case reports and series detailing angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia in ocular structures were included.

Clinical profile, histopathology, and management of caruncular lesions; a systematic review.

Background: The lacrimal caruncle, a nodular structure located at the inner canthus, contains a variety of tissue types, leading to diverse clinical manifestations of its lesions. Caruncular lesions, though rare, may be benign or malignant, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical profiles, histopathological features, and management strategies for caruncular lesions.

Descriptive statistics for cardiothoracic surgeons: part 2 - the foundation of data interpretation.

Descriptive statistics are essential for summarizing and interpreting clinical data in cardiothoracic surgery. Understanding measures of central tendency and dispersion, such as mean, median, range, variance, and standard deviation, provides insights into patient outcomes and surgical effectiveness. Confidence intervals offer a range for population parameters, enhancing decision-making precision.

Outcomes of Infected Non-unions of Distal Femur Managed with the Masquelet Method and Ilizarov Ring Fixator.

Background: Distal femur infected non-union management is very challenging especially when there is late presentation and after multiple intervention. Various methods have been described and studied in the literature for infected non-union of femur which includes bone transport by fixators (ring fixators/monolateral frames) and by Masquelet method.

Objectives: To study the clinical and radiological outcomes and study the effect on quality of life by patient-reported outcomes (EQ5D5L) and VAS (Visual Analog Scale) score in patients of infected non-union of distal femur managed with combination of Masquelet method and Ilizarov ring fixator.

Neuromodulation techniques in traumatic brain injury: a narrative review of the current state.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. Despite significant advances in medical care, many TBI survivors continue to have cognitive, physical, and psychological deficits that have a significant impact on their quality of life. Neuromodulation techniques, which use electrical or magnetic stimulation to modulate brain activity, have shown promise in the treatment of TBI symptoms.

Evisceration and ocular prosthetic implantation following endovascular coiling for the management of endophthalmitis in a long-standing post-traumatic unilateral carotid-cavernous fistula: A case report and review of the literature.

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare condition involving an abnormal communication between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. We present a unique case of posttraumatic unilateral CCF initially misdiagnosed as a corneal melt with iris prolapse and orbital cellulitis. The patient, a 25-year-old male, experienced swelling, bleeding, and sudden vision loss in the affected eye following a fall.

Internet Addiction and Psychological Health in Adolescent Indian Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: With the presence of the internet in daily life, it has become crucial to explore its purposes, implications, and effects on the mental health of users. As adolescents are a vulnerable age group, this study was conducted on Indian medical students in late adolescence to learn how the internet impacts their lives. We aim to explore the severity of problematic internet use (PIU) in Indian medical students.

Factors contributing to parental stress in newborns requiring surgical care: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To assess parental stress in newborns undergoing surgical care.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at a tertiary center. The study included all parents of newborns requiring surgery, admitted between July 2023 and June 2024.

Understanding the Endocrine and Molecular Signaling Cascade Regulation Pathways in Children with Hypospadias.

Hypospadias (HS) is a congenital defect that occurs due to defective androgenization. It is characterized by the aberrant location of the urinary meatus on the ventral aspect of the penis with various degrees of severity. The molecular mechanisms and genetic associations underlying the condition remain largely unknown.

Exoscope-assisted spine surgery: Current applications and future directions-A short review.

Spine surgery is a critical field that seeks to alleviate pain and restore function in patients with various spinal pathologies. Over the years, spine surgery has seen advancements such as minimally invasive techniques with operative microscopes and robotic surgeries. These techniques, however, demand better visualisation during the procedure.

Research designs for cardiothoracic surgeons: part 1 - a primer for evidence-based practice.

Understanding research designs is crucial for cardiothoracic surgeons to enhance their clinical practice and decision-making. This article provides a comprehensive overview of different research study types, including observational and experimental studies, and their relevance to cardiothoracic surgery. Detailed explanations of cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, as well as various types of randomized controlled trials, are presented.

Effect of obesity and hypertension on left ventricular geometry and function among asymptomatic Indian adults.

Hypertension & obesity are important independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity & mortality specifically left ventricular (LV) functions. With the Objectives to examine the effect of obesity & hypertension on echocardiographic parameters of geometry, systolic, and diastolic functions of left ventricle in asymptomatic adults the cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 individuals (60 male & 40 female). Their Blood Pressure & Body Mass Index was recorded following which they were divided into obese normotensives & non-obese hypertensive.

Phylo-geo haplotype network-based characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in India (2020-2022).

Background & objectives Genetic analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains circulating in India during 2020-2022 was carried out to understand the evolution of potentially expanding and divergent clades. Methods SARS-CoV-2 sequences (n=612) randomly selected from among the sequences of samples collected through a nationwide network of Virus Research Diagnostic Laboratories during 2020 (n=1532) and Indian sequences available in Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data during March 2020-March 2022 (n=53077), were analyzed using the phylo-geo haplotype network approach with reference to the Wuhan prototype sequence. Results On haplotype analysis, 420 haplotypes were revealed from 643 segregating sites among the sequences.

Biofilm Producing Organisms and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is an inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft. Recently, biofilms have been discovered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CSOM. A biofilm is a bacterial aggregation that adheres to the mucosal surfaces and is connected with an extracellular matrix.