Xylooligosaccharide Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass and Their Health Benefits as Prebiotics.

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) comprising of wheat bran, coconut husk, rice husk, cereals straw, and other hardwood and softwoods is a good source for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) (prebiotic). XOS produced are nondigestible carbohydrates being stable under stomach pH and digestive enzymes so they can be easily delivered to the intestine in native form, thus stimulating the growth of probiotics. Here we review about the raw material, production, purification, and application of XOS with health benefits.

In silico profiling, docking analysis, and protein interactions of secondary metabolites in Musa spp. Against the SGE1 protein of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.

Banana Fusarium Wilt (BFW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), threatens banana crops globally, with the pathogen's virulence partially regulated by the Sge1 transcription factor, which enhances disease severity.

Emerging lactic acid bacteria bacteriocins as anti-cancer and anti-tumor agents for human health.

Modern cancer diagnostics and treatment options have greatly improved survival rates; the illness remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. Current treatments for cancer, such as chemotherapy, are not cancer-specific and may cause harm to healthy cells; therefore, it is imperative that new drugs for cancer be developed that are both safe and effective. It has been found that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the potential to produce bacteriocins, which could potentially offer a promising alternative for cancer treatment.

Exploring distribution and genomic diversity of begomoviruses associated with yellow mosaic disease of legume crops from India, highlighting the dominance of mungbean yellow mosaic India virus.

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by several begomoviruses is one of the major constraints of over a dozen leguminous crops worldwide, particularly in Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution, diversity and prevalence of begomoviruses associated with YMD in leguminous hosts in five agro-climatic zones of India, to assess the extent of their geographical presence and develop location and crop-specific distribution maps. One hundred and seventy-four leguminous plant samples were tested from 32 locations in India to detect YMD-causing viruses.

Comprehensive characterization of protease inhibiting gene family, cis-regulatory elements, and protein interaction network in linseed and their expression upon bud fly infestation.

Linseed, also known as flax is an important oilseed crop with many potential uses in paint, textile, food and pharmaceutical industries. Susceptibility to bud fly (Dasyneura lini Barnes) infestation is a serious biotic concern leading to severe yield penalty in linseed. Protease inhibitors (PIs) are potential candidates that activate during the insect-pest attack and modulate the resistance.

Multi-location evaluation of field pea in Indian climates: eco-phenological dynamics, crop-environment relationships, and identification of mega-environments.

Characterization of crop-growing environments in relation to crop's genotypic performance is crucial to harness positive genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) in systematic breeding programs. Given that, the study aimed to delineate the impact of diverse environments on crop phenology and yield traits of dwarf-statured field pea, pinpointing location(s) favoring higher yield and distinctiveness within breeding lines. We tested twelve field pea breeding lines across twenty locations in India, covering Central Zone (CZ), North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ), North Eastern Plain Zone (NEPZ), and Northern Hill Zone (NHZ).

Deciphering Physio-Biochemical Basis of Tolerance Mechanism for Sesame ( L.) Genotypes under Waterlogging Stress at Early Vegetative Stage.

Waterlogging represents a substantial agricultural concern, inducing harmful impacts on crop development and productivity. In the present study, 142 diverse sesame genotypes were examined during the early vegetative phase to assess their response under waterlogging conditions. Based on the severity of symptoms observed, 2 genotypes were classified as highly tolerant, 66 as moderately tolerant, 69 as susceptible, and 5 as highly susceptible.

Analysis of Auxin-Encoding Gene Family in and It's Cross-Species Expression Modulating Waterlogging Tolerance in Wild .

Mungbean is known to be susceptible to waterlogging (WL) stress. Some of the wild species have the potential to tolerate this through various physiological and molecular mechanisms. (ARF) and (AUX/IAA), an early responsive gene family, has multiple functions in growth, development, and stress tolerance.

Transcriptomic characterization of Trichoderma harzianum T34 primed tomato plants: assessment of biocontrol agent induced host specific gene expression and plant growth promotion.

In this study, we investigated the intricate interplay between Trichoderma and the tomato genome, focusing on the transcriptional and metabolic changes triggered during the late colonization event. Microarray probe set (GSE76332) was utilized to analyze the gene expression profiles changes of the un-inoculated control (tomato) and Trichoderma-tomato interactions for identification of the differentially expressed significant genes. Based on principal component analysis and R-based correlation, we observed a positive correlation between the two cross-comaparable groups, corroborating the existence of transcriptional responses in the host triggered by Trichoderma priming.

Enhancement in Biological Availability of Vitamins by Nano-engineering and its Applications: An Update.

Vitamin nano-engineering has been accomplished by synthesizing various nanostructures to improve their stability, bioavailability, shelf life, and functioning. This review provides a detailed description of recent advances in the art of encapsulation with high efficiency through the use of practical and logistic nano-engineering techniques such as nanofibres, nanogels, nanobeads, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, and many other nanostructures. To demonstrate the interaction of molecules with nano-forms, the bioavailability of several vitamins such as B, C, E, A, D, and others in the form of nanostructures is explored.

Optimizing hybrid vigor: a comprehensive analysis of genetic distance and heterosis in eggplant landraces.

Introduction: This study explored the molecular characterization of 14 eggplant (brinjal) genotypes to evaluate their genetic diversity and the impact of heterosis. As eggplant is a vital horticultural crop with substantial economic and nutritional value, a comprehensive understanding of its genetic makeup and heterosis effects is essential for effective breeding strategies. Our aim was not only to dissect the genetic diversity among these genotypes but also to determine how genetic distance impacts heterotic patterns, which could ultimately help improve hybrid breeding programs.

Investigating the impact of terminal heat stress on contrasting wheat cultivars: a comprehensive analysis of phenological, physiological, and biochemical traits.

Terminal heat stress has become one of the major threats due to global climate change which is significantly affecting the production and productivity of wheat crop. Therefore, it is necessary to identify key traits and genotypes to breed heat-tolerant wheat. The present study was undertaken with the objective of comparing the effects of heat stress (HSE) and extended heat stress (EHSE) on phenological-physio-biochemical traits of contrasting heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes during the reproductive phase.

Utilization of bottle gourd ( (Mol.) Standl.) pomace for the preparation of instant (dessert) mix.

Bottle gourd pomace, a waste from vegetable processing industry was used to prepare instant (dessert) mix. In this study, the bottle gourd was procured from the farm, washed, grated, steam blanched and the grits were further divided into two parts. One part of grits was dried without juice extraction (BGFD- Bottle gourd fresh dried), while, the other half (BGPD- Bottle gourd pomace dried) was dehydrated after extraction of juice.

Screening of Comprehensive Panel of Cultivated and Wild Species for Resistance to Pulse Beetle, L.

Pulses are a key source of dietary proteins in human nutrition. Despite several efforts to increase the production, various constraints, such as biotic and abiotic factors, threaten pulse production by various means. Bruchids ( spp.

Capturing agro-morphological variability for tolerance to terminal heat and combined heat-drought stress in landraces and elite cultivar collection of wheat.

Climate change has resulted in extreme temperature and drought around the globe, which poses serious threat to food security. Both heat and drought stress affects the production and productivity of wheat crop. The present study was undertaken to evaluate 34 landraces and elite cultivars of spp.

Plant growth promotion and differential expression of defense genes in chilli pepper against Colletotrichum truncatum induced by Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum.

Background: Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum were assessed in this study as a potential biological control against Colletotrichum truncatum. C.

Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Field Pea Genotypes under Terminal Heat Stress.

Field pea is one of the important short-duration cool season pulse crops which contributes significantly towards food and nutritional security. Two heat-susceptible (HS) and two heat-tolerant (HT) genotypes were selected from the previous study for further characterization. A significant variation was observed for morpho-physiological traits studied.

Applications of Molecular Markers for Developing Abiotic-Stress-Resilient Oilseed Crops.

Globally, abiotic stresses, such as temperature (heat or cold), water (drought and flooding), and salinity, cause significant losses in crop production and have adverse effects on plant growth and development. A variety of DNA-based molecular markers, such as SSRs, RFLPs, AFLPs, SNPs, etc., have been used to screen germplasms for stress tolerance and the QTL mapping of stress-related genes.

Multi-location evaluation of mungbean ( L.) in Indian climates: Ecophenological dynamics, yield relation, and characterization of locations.

Crop yield varies considerably within agroecology depending on the genetic potential of crop cultivars and various edaphic and climatic variables. Understanding site-specific changes in crop yield and genotype × environment interaction are crucial and needs exceptional consideration in strategic breeding programs. Further, genotypic response to diverse agro-ecologies offers identification of strategic locations for evaluating traits of interest to strengthen and accelerate the national variety release program.

Rumen multi-omics addressing diet-host-microbiome interplay in farm animals: a review.

Continuous improvement in the living standards of developing countries, calls for an urgent need of high quality meat and dairy products. The farm animals have a micro-ecosystem in gastro-intestinal tract, comprising of a wide variety of flora and fauna which converts roughages and agricultural byproducts as well as nutrient rich concentrate sources into the useful products such as volatile fatty acids and microbial crude proteins. The microbial diversity changes according to composition of the feed, host species/breed and host's individual genetic makeup.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein Gene Family in Species and Expression of Encoding Genes in Reveal Its Role in Heat Tolerance.

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are identified in many crops for their response and role in adaptation to various abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, and temperature. The genes have been studied systematically in several crops but not in crops. In this study, we reported the first comprehensive analysis of the gene family in three legume species, namely, mung bean (), adzuki bean (), and cowpea (), and the cross-species expression of genes in a wild tetraploid species, .

Effect of silicon application with mycorrhizal inoculation on Brassica juncea cultivated under water stress.

Brassica juncea L. is a significant member of the Brassicaceae family, also known as Indian mustard. Water is a limiting factor in the successful production of this crop.

Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection.

Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs.

Effect of non-genetic factors on linear type traits in Karan fries ( × ) and Sahiwal ( cows in sub-tropical climatic conditions of India.

The focus of present study was to find out the effect of non-genetic factors on linear type traits in Karan Fries and Sahiwal cows reared at an organized farm of northern India. The present study was conducted on Lactating Karan Fries ( = 123) and Sahiwal ( = 133) cows maintained at Livestock Research Center of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India during the period of 2017-2019. Total eight udder morphometric traits and seven teat morphometric traits were measured.