Cerebral autoregulation in pediatric and neonatal intensive care: A scoping review.

Deranged cerebral autoregulation (CA) is associated with worse outcome in adult brain injury. Strategies for monitoring CA and maintaining the brain at its 'best CA status' have been implemented, however, this approach has not yet developed for the paediatric population. This scoping review aims to find up-to-date evidence on CA assessment in children and neonates with a view to identify patient categories in which CA has been measured so far, CA monitoring methods and its relationship with clinical outcome if any.

COVID 19 Vaccine for Adolescents. Concern about Myocarditis and Pericarditis.

The alarming onset of some cases of myocarditis and pericarditis following the administration of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines in adolescent males has recently been highlighted. All occurred after the second dose of the vaccine. Fortunately, none of patients were critically ill and each was discharged home.

Echocardiographic Parameters and Mortality in Pediatric Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic value of echocardiographic parameters in pediatric septic patients.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE (last update April 5, 2020).

Study Selection: Observational studies of pediatric sepsis providing echocardiographic parameters in relation to mortality.

Lung ultrasonography and pediatric cardiac surgery: first experience with a new tool for postoperative lung complications.

Lung ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool increasingly used in critical care. Few data are available for the pediatric population. We describe our experience with lung ultrasonography for 5 pediatric patients with common post-cardiac surgery lung complications (pleural effusion, pneumothorax, atelectasis, pneumonia).

Exclusion of fluoroscopy during ablation treatment of right accessory pathway in children.

Introduction: The field of pediatric electrophysiology poses many challenges to electrophysiologists. In particular there are two major concerns: (1) to reduce the amount of fluoroscopy exposure to patients and medical staff in the catheterization laboratory and (2) to minimize the number of vascular accesses. Prolonged fluoroscopy times are associated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation of right accessory pathways (APs), particularly the right free-wall AP.

Patient selection for repair of complete atrioventricular canal guided by echocardiography.

Objective: Two-dimensional, Doppler and color-flow echocardiography is accepted as a safe diagnostic tool to guide the surgical treatment of certain congenital heart defects. Its role for surgical indication in patients with complete atrioventricular canal (cAVC) is described in this paper.

Methods: Between July 1989 and January 1995, 80 patients with cAVC underwent primary repair in our Institution.

Joint dislocation and cerebral anomalies are consistently associated with oral-facial-digital syndrome type IV.

We present a female patient with the oral-facial-digital syndrome type IV. Our report, the tenth in the literature, describes the typical manifestations of the syndrome, combined with malformations and deformations which have not always been described in the previously reported cases. They include cerebral and renal anomalies, anal atresia and dislocation of elbows and knees.

Bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis in congenital heart disease. Functional and clinical outcome.

The bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis is a surgical procedure suitable for patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease and univentricular physiology. This operation is able to increase the effective pulmonary blood flow without any additional load on the cardiac work and without any further distortion on the pulmonary artery branches. The cavopulmonary anastomosis can represent the first stage for patients destined for Fontan repair or a definitive palliative operation in high risk Fontan candidates.

Left ventricular diastolic filling in type I diabetes mellitus: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study.

Objectives: Doppler echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular diastolic performance in young patients with type I diabetes mellitus and no clinical signs of heart disease.

Methods: The pattern of transmitral diastolic flow velocity was determined in 82 patients (56 men, 26 women; age 17.7 +/- 7.

Ductus arteriosus in pulmonary atresia with and without ventricular septal defect. Anatomic and functional differences.

The pulmonary circulation is dependent on the ductus arteriosus in all patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum and in some with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (tetralogy of Fallot type). To assess the time of ductal closure in these two patient categories, we compared the ages at first operation in 58 patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum and 32 with pulmonary atresia and septal defect. The age distribution differed significantly between the groups.

Radiographic findings in Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome.

We describe a girl who presents the features of Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome. This autosomal recessive condition has characteristic radiographic findings which can be considered manifestations of the syndrome.

Neuromyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy with accumulation of intermediate filaments: a clinical, morphological and biochemical study.

The clinical, morphological and biochemical findings of a sporadic case, showing accumulation of desmin-type intermediate filaments in skeletal muscle and myocardium are described. Desmin storage was demonstrated by immunofluorescence, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These findings are in agreement with those of Rappaport et al.

Atrioventricular canal in Down syndrome. Prevalence of associated cardiac malformations compared with patients without Down syndrome.

The atrioventricular canal is the "classic" congenital heart anomaly in Down syndrome. We may learn more of the nature of this disorder by careful study of the anatomic characteristics of the cardiac lesions and by comparing these lesions in patients with and patients without Down syndrome. We reviewed the clinical characteristics (echocardiographic and angiocardiographic) of 220 patients with atrioventricular canal and compared the prevalence of anatomic types and associated cardiac malformations in children with (105) and without (115) Down syndrome.

Distal infantile spinal muscular atrophy associated with paralysis of the diaphragm: a variant of infantile spinal muscular atrophy.

We report the clinical, electrophysiological, and morphological observations of five infants with an unusual form of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In these infants muscular weakness and atrophy were initially restricted to the distal limbs and this pattern was associated with paralysis of the diaphragm. The difference between the clinical manifestations of this syndrome and the classical form of infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA type 1) as well as other congenital hereditary neuropathies is discussed.

Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children.

The authors present a report of 280 cases of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (U.H.L.