Trends in Osteoporosis Drug Therapy Receipt Among Commercial and Medicare Advantage Enrollees in the United States, 2011-2022.

Context: A national assessment of osteoporosis drug therapy (ODT) use can inform the extent of underdiagnosis and undertreatment of osteoporosis.

Objective: The aim was to describe trends in ODT use by age, sex, fragility fracture, and documented osteoporosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patient-quarter observations for adults aged ≥50 years with commercial or Medicare Advantage health insurance in the OptumLabs Data Warehouse between 2011 and 2022.

Effectiveness of interventions to prevent drowning among children under age 20 years: a global scoping review.

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of death among young children. The United Nations Resolution on global drowning prevention (2021) and World Health Assembly Resolution in 2023 have drawn attention to the issue. This scoping review synthesizes the current evidence on the effectiveness of child drowning prevention interventions since the 2008 World Report on Child Injury Prevention and implications for their implementation.

Peripheral Nerve Blocks Are Associated With Decreased Early Medical Complications, Dislocations, and Opioid Consumption Following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) may be utilized for postoperative pain control following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between PNBs and postoperative complication rates, healthcare utilization, and opioid consumption following elective THA.

Methods: Opioid-naive patients who received PNBs on the same day as undergoing THA for degenerative etiologies were identified from a large national database and matched 1:5 to a control cohort using propensity scoring.

Global Burden of Early-Onset Ischemic Heart Disease, 1990 to 2019.

Background: Early-onset ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a growing burden associated with high disability and death.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the burden of incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of early-onset IHD from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Data on the burden of early-onset IHD (men<55 years, women<65 years), including prevalence, incidence, DALY, and deaths, were collected from the Global Burden of Disease study for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

ZFAND6 promotes TRAF2-dependent mitophagy to restrain cGAS-STING signaling.

ZFAND6 is a zinc finger protein that interacts with TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and polyubiquitin chains and has been linked to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. Here, we report a previously undescribed function of ZFAND6 in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by promoting mitophagy. Deletion of ZFAND6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) upregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to impaired mitophagy.

CD137 agonism enhances anti-PD1 induced activation of expanded CD8 T cell clones in a neoadjuvant pancreatic cancer clinical trial.

Successful pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) immunotherapy requires therapeutic combinations that induce quality T cells. Tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis following therapeutic interventions can identify response mechanisms, informing design of effective combinations. We provide a reference single-cell dataset from tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) from a human neoadjuvant clinical trial comparing the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting allogeneic PDAC vaccine GVAX alone, in combination with anti-PD1 or with both anti-PD1 and CD137 agonist.

Enhancing prosthetic hand control: A synergistic multi-channel electroencephalogram.

Electromyogram (EMG) has been a fundamental approach for prosthetic hand control. However it is limited by the functionality of residual muscles and muscle fatigue. Currently, exploring temporal shifts in brain networks and accurately classifying noninvasive electroencephalogram (EEG) for prosthetic hand control remains challenging.

Family physicians' perspectives on outcomes, processes, and policies in dementia care.

The rapid rise in numbers of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) poses major challenges to health systems and policy. Although primary care clinicians provide ongoing medical care for 80% of affected individuals, they face persistent barriers to providing high-quality dementia care. We conducted qualitative interviews with family physicians ( = 20) to understand what core outcomes they consider most important and what care processes and systems and policy strategies they propose to achieve them.

How to Integrate Neuroethics into a Neuroscience Course - And Drive Student Engagement with Core Concepts.

Students are thinking about ethical, moral, and societal implications of science-as individuals and communities- regardless of whether these topics are part of formal curricula. Ethical questions can arise from broad neuroscientific questions (What is consciousness?), emerging topics (e.g.

Synthesis estimators for transportability with positivity violations by a continuous covariate.

Studies intended to estimate the effect of a treatment, like randomized trials, may not be sampled from the desired target population. To correct for this discrepancy, estimates can be transported to the target population. Methods for transporting between populations are often premised on a positivity assumption, such that all relevant covariate patterns in one population are also present in the other.

Redefining Ketamine Pharmacology for Antidepressant Action: Synergistic NMDA and Opioid Receptor Interactions?

Ketamine is a racemic compound and medication comprised of ()-ketamine and ()-ketamine enantiomers and its metabolites. It has been used for decades as a dissociative anesthetic, analgesic, and recreational drug. More recently, ketamine, its enantiomers, and its metabolites have been used or are being investigated for the treatment of refractory depression, as well as for comorbid disorders such as anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and opioid use disorders.

Governance and resilience as entry points for transforming food systems in the countdown to 2030.

Due to complex interactions, changes in any one area of food systems are likely to impact-and possibly depend on-changes in other areas. Here we present the first annual monitoring update of the indicator framework proposed by the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, with new qualitative analysis elucidating interactions across indicators. Since 2000, we find that 20 of 42 indicators with time series have been trending in a desirable direction, indicating modest positive change.

Targeted dual biologic therapy for erythroderma of unknown etiology guided by high-parameter peripheral blood immunophenotyping.

Erythroderma is a severe and heterogeneous inflammatory skin condition with little guidance on the approach to management in cases of unknown etiology. To guide therapeutic selection, we sought to create an immunophenotyping platform able to identify aberrant cell populations and cytokines in subtypes of erythroderma. We performed high-parameter flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood of a patient with refractory idiopathic erythroderma, erythrodermic patients with Sézary syndrome and pityriasis rubra pilaris, and healthy controls.

Structure of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein subunit γ2.

Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are claudin-like proteins that tightly regulate AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and are fundamental for excitatory neurotransmission. With cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) we reconstruct the 36 kDa TARP subunit γ2 to 2.3 Å, which points to structural diversity among TARPs.

Factors Associated With Prolonged Venous Transit in Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Strokes.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged venous transit (PVT), derived from computed tomography perfusion (CTP) time-to-maximum (T) maps, reflects compromised venous outflow (VO) in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO). Poor VO is associated with worse clinical outcomes, but pre-treatment markers predictive of PVT are not well described.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 189 patients with anterior circulation AIS-LVO who underwent baseline CT evaluation, including non-contrast CT, CT angiography, and CTP.

Intimate partner violence help-seeking norms: scale reliability and cross-sectional multilevel associations with intimate partner violence among youth in Nairobi, Kenya.

Objectives: Intimate partner violence (IPV) threatens women's health and safety. Support services can mitigate the impact, yet few survivors seek services in part due to social norms that discourage use. Little agreement exists on how to measure norms and attitudes related to IPV help-seeking.

Trends in Opioid Prescriptions to Opioid-Naïve Patients by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in Massachusetts 2012-2022.

Background: Many oral and maxillofacial surgery patients are young, healthy adults who are opioid-naïve. Over-prescribing opioids increases the risk of subsequent misuse and diversion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare opioid prescriptions to opioid naïve and nonnaïve patients by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Massachusetts from 2012 to 2022.

Genomic and phenotypic correlates of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in blood.

Mosaic loss of Y (mLOY) is the most common somatic chromosomal alteration detected in human blood. The presence of mLOY is associated with altered blood cell counts and increased risk of Alzheimer disease, solid tumors, and other age-related diseases. We sought to gain a better understanding of genetic drivers and associated phenotypes of mLOY through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large set of genetically diverse males from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.

Causal effect of C-reaction protein and endometrial cancer: Genetic evidence of the role of inflammation in endometrial cancer.

Consensus remains elusive regarding the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and endometrial cancer (EC). Our study sought to elucidate the causal association between CRP and EC, aiming to contribute to the understanding of this complex interplay. We primarily utilized the random-effects inverse variance-weighted method.

Identification and validation of a novel defined stress granule-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer via bioinformatics analysis.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant gynecological cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. Stress granules (SGs) are non-membrane organelles that respond to stressors; however, the correlation between SG-related genes and the prognosis of OC remains unclear. This systematic analysis aimed to determine the expression levels of SG-related genes between high- and low-risk groups of patients with OC and to explore the prognostic value of these genes.

A novel predictive model for Intensive Care Unit admission in Emergency Department patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a critical emergency. Conventional scoring models for patients with UGIB have limitations; thus, more suitable tools for the Emergency Department are necessary. We aimed to develop a new model that can identify significant predictors of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission in Emergency Department patients with UGIB and to compare its predictive accuracy with that of existing models.

Phantom evaluation of feasibility and applicability of artificial intelligence based pulmonary nodule detection in chest radiographs.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the specific performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for lung nodule detection in chest radiography for a larger number of nodules of different sizes and densities using a standardized phantom approach. A total of 450 nodules with varying density (d1 to d3) and size (3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 mm) were inserted in a Lungman phantom at various locations. Radiographic images with varying projections were acquired and processed using the AI algorithm for nodule detection.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease with subclinical peripheral neuropathy: A case report.

Rationale: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disease with various manifestations and high heterogeneity. Clinical characteristics, imaging, skin biopsy, and genetic testing are necessary for its diagnosis. Electromyography may also be a useful tool for diagnosing NIID.

Analysis of risk factors for negative emotions in patients with thyroid nodules: A cross-sectional study.

Investigations have indicated that there is a correlation between thyroid nodules and patients'negative emotions. Nevertheless, the risk factors contributing to the development of negative emotions in thyroid nodule patients remain unidentified. This cross-sectional study recruited 150 patients diagnosed with thyroid nodules through ultrasound examination from January 2022 to January 2023 at Jinan Central Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, and Qingyun County Maternal and Child Health Hospital as the case group, which were categorized based on their levels of anxiety and depression.