Challenges and Approaches of Culturing the Unculturable Archaea.

Since Carl Woese's discovery of archaea as a third domain of life, numerous archaeal species have been discovered, yet archaeal diversity is poorly characterized. Culturing archaea is complicated, but several queries about archaeal cell biology, evolution, physiology, and diversity need to be solved by culturing and culture-dependent techniques. Increasing interest in demand for innovative culturing methods has led to various technological and methodological advances.

Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of Newcastle disease virus in pigeons from Pakistan.

Virulent NDV genotypes were repeatedly isolated from pigeons.Evidence of epidemiological links among viruses isolated from various locations.Distinct phylogenetic branches suggest separate, simultaneous evolution of NDVs.

Genetic algorithm optimization of heliostat field layout for the design of a central receiver solar thermal power plant.

The heliostat field layout in a central receiver solar thermal power plant has significant optical losses that can ultimately affect the overall output power of the plant. In this paper, an optimized heliostat field layout based on annual efficiency and power of 50 MW for the local coordinates of Quetta, Pakistan, is proposed. The performance of two different heliostat field layouts such as radial staggered and Fermat's spiral distribution are evaluated and different design points in a year are considered for the analysis.

Three-state dynamics of zinc(II) complexes yielding significant antidiabetic targets.

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), being negative regulator of insulin signaling pathways is considered as potential medicinal target. Selective and targeted inhibitors for PTP1B can impact the therapeutic options available to cure chronic illness such as diabetes. Significant research evidence including computational studies on the role of Zn in binding and inhibiting the catalytic pocket have been reported along with experimental exploration of zinc(II) complexes as potent inhibitors of the enzyme.

Microbial diversity and community structure dynamics in acid mine drainage: Acidic fire with dissolved heavy metals.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the leading causes of environmental pollution and is linked to public health and ecological consequences. Microbes-mineral interaction generates AMD, but microorganisms can also remedy AMD pollution. Exploring the microbial response to AMD effluents may reveal survival strategies in extreme ecosystems.

Occurrence and Formation Mechanism of PCDD/Fs and SCCPs in Chlorinated Paraffin Products.

Polychlorinated dibenzo--dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) can be formed during the production of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). Detection and accurate quantification of PCDD/Fs in CPs are challenging because of their matrix complexity. Therefore, the occurrence and formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from CPs have not been studied extensively in the past.

Biofilms as Battlefield Armor for Bacteria against Antibiotics: Challenges and Combating Strategies.

Bacterial biofilms are formed by communities, which are encased in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Notably, bacteria in biofilms display a set of 'emergent properties' that vary considerably from free-living bacterial cells. Biofilms help bacteria to survive under multiple stressful conditions such as providing immunity against antibiotics.

High prevalence of antibiotic-resistant and metal-tolerant cultivable bacteria in remote glacier environment.

Studies of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have mainly originated from anthropic-influenced environments, with limited information from pristine environments. Remote cold environments are major reservoirs of ARB and have been determined in polar regions; however, their abundance in non-polar cold habitats is underexplored. This study evaluated antibiotics and metals resistance profiles, prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metals tolerance genes (MTGs) in 38 ARB isolated from the glacier debris and meltwater from Baishui Glacier No 1, China.

An integrated approach for evaluating freshwater ecosystems under the influence of high salinity: a case study of Manchar Lake in Pakistan.

Manchar Lake, Pakistan's biggest lake in the arid zone, faces human-induced salinity issues. This study investigated its effects on the multifaceted ecosystem services, including serving as a source of drinking and irrigation water and aquatic health through assessing fish diversity and characteristics. Analyses of 189 water samples from 21 sites revealed spatiotemporal variations in major ions contributing to lake water salinity.

Effect of phosphorus and sodium acetate on lipid accumulation from sp. IFRPD 1061 in an open pond.

sp, has been comprehensively studied for their potential in the production of biodiesel due to their biomass productivity and high lipid content. This study examined the biomass productivity, and concentration, lipid productivity, and concentration, and lipid contents of sp. IFRPD 1061 under several phosphorus concentrations.

Insight of novel biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma through multiomics.

Introduction: The overdiagnosing of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in China necessitates the development of an evidence-based diagnosis and prognosis strategy in line with precision medicine. A landscape of PTC in Chinese cohorts is needed to provide comprehensiveness.

Methods: 6 paired PTC samples were employed for whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and data-dependent acquisition mass spectrum analysis.

Biocontrol rhizobacteria enhances growth and yield of wheat () under field conditions against .

The current study aimed to identify the survival of bio-control bacteria with antifungal activity against and assess their growth promoting activity in wheat crop field conditions. To evaluate the fungicidal activities of isolated bacteria using the dual culture method, both qualitative and quantitative bioassays were performed. Plant Growth Promoting activities such as Indole 3-Acetic Acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and Siderophore production were assessed for three biocontrol bacterial isolates (BCB 07, BCB16, and BCB 83) out of 180 with 70% antagonistic activity against .

Disclosing the locale of transmembrane proteins within cellular alcove by machine learning approach: systematic review and meta analysis.

Protein subcellular localization is a promising research question in Proteomics and associated fields, including Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Computational Biology, Bioinformatics, Proteomics, Artificial Intelligence, and Biophysics. However, computational techniques are preferred to explore this attribute for a massive number of proteins. The byproduct of this conjunction yields diversified location identifiers of proteins.

Reseek-Arrhythmia: Empirical Evaluation of ResNet Architecture for Detection of Arrhythmia.

Arrhythmia is a cardiac condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm that hinders the proper circulation of blood, posing a severe risk to individuals' lives. Globally, arrhythmias are recognized as a significant health concern, accounting for nearly 12 percent of all deaths. As a result, there has been a growing focus on utilizing artificial intelligence for the detection and classification of abnormal heartbeats.

Brain Tumor Classification from MRI Using Image Enhancement and Convolutional Neural Network Techniques.

The independent detection and classification of brain malignancies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can present challenges and the potential for error due to the intricate nature and time-consuming process involved. The complexity of the brain tumor identification process primarily stems from the need for a comprehensive evaluation spanning multiple modules. The advancement of deep learning (DL) has facilitated the emergence of automated medical image processing and diagnostics solutions, thereby offering a potential resolution to this issue.

Phenotypic Analysis, Molecular Characterization, and Antibiogram of Caries-Causing Bacteria Isolated from Dental Patients.

Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Despite scientific advances in cariology, dental caries remains a severe global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the optimization of microbial and molecular techniques for the detection of cariogenic pathogens in dental caries patients, the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria on the basis of socioeconomic, climatological, and hygienic factors, and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic antibiotics and herbal extracts.

Human tracking robotic camera based on image processing for live streaming of conferences and seminars.

There are numerous scenarios where the photographer is in difficulty and unable to capture or shoot video as required. This could be due to several factors such as limited space, decreased visibility, and an obstacle in the way. Therefore, this project implements the idea to capture and shoot video of the desired subject through an automatically controlled robotic camera with no need for a photographic bloke.

Chemical insights into the synthetic chemistry of five-membered saturated heterocycles-a transition metal-catalyzed approach.

Drug design and delivery is primarily based on the hunt for new potent drug candidates and novel synthetic techniques. Recently, saturated heterocycles have gained enormous attention in medicinal chemistry as evidenced by the medicinal drugs listed in the FDA Orange Book. Therefore, the demand for novel saturated heterocyclic syntheses has increased tremendously.

Hydroxyapatite and ionic liquid coupled with hybrid membranes for toxic pollutant removal and remediation.

Access to clean water is the mandatory requirement for every living being to sustain life. So, membrane-based integrated approach of adsorption and separation technology has recently been preferred by scientists over other conventional techniques, for wastewater treatment. Current research focused on the synthesis of novel imidazolium (A1) based IL, which was further functionalized with hydroxyapatite (HAp; extracted from Labeo rohita scales), to create possible solutions towards environmental remediation.

Hepatitis C virus/Hepatitis B virus coinfection: Current prospectives.

In endemic areas, hepatitis C virus (HCV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection is common, and patients with coinfection have a higher risk of developing liver disease such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In such cases, HCV predominates, and HBV replication is suppressed by HCV. HCV core proteins and interferons that are activated by HCV are responsible for the suppression of HBV.

Phylogenetic and antigenic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial and backyard chickens in Pakistan, 2015-2018.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a rapidly evolving virus affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated poultry flocks and is responsible for significant economic losses globally; hence, it is imperative to obtain a deeper understanding of this pathogen. In this study, seven IBV strains were isolated from commercial and backyard poultry flocks during 2015-2018. We obtained full-length IBV genomes of two viruses using the Illumina sequencing method, while five additional viruses were genetically characterized through full-length spike (S1) gene sequencing.

Isolation and characterization of a cold-active, detergent-stable protease from Serratia sp. TGS1.

Psychrophiles are cold-adapted microorganisms living in cold regions and are known to generate cold-active enzymes such as proteases, lipases, and peptidases. These types of enzymes are a major part of the market of the food and textile sector. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the cold-active and detergent-stable, extracellular protease from psychotrophic bacteria Serratia sp.

Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the shanghai, New York, and Pakistan stock exchanges.

This research aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the stock markets of Pakistan (Islamabad), China (Shanghai), and the United States of America (New York). These three stock markets were chosen to demonstrate the variation in the degree of influence based on varied times in which the respective nations were impacted by COVID-19. COVID-19, a pandemic virus, was still present in China in December 2020.