Clinical gait analysis in older children with autism spectrum disorder.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit motor deficits that increase their risk of falls. There is a lack of understanding regarding gait biomechanics demonstrated by older children with ASD. The purpose of the study was to determine differences in gait patterns between older children with ASD and typically developing children.

Parent feeding practices in infants and toddlers referred to a hospital-based feeding program in the United States.

While considerable research exists on parent feeding practices for infants and toddlers, past research has not focused on children with feeding problems. The goal of this study was to identify parent feeding practices in a sample of infants (n = 178) and toddlers (n = 221) referred to a hospital-based feeding clinic and then examine how these parent feeding practices were correlated with specific feeding problems. Parents completed surveys to report child demographics, feeding problems, and use of 54 feeding practices.

Healthcare providers' perceived barriers and facilitators to screening for intimate partner violence in pregnant women attending prenatal clinics.

Aim: To examine healthcare providers' extent of and perceived barriers and facilitators to screening for intimate partner violence in pregnant women attending prenatal clinics.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive design was used to collect data from 130 healthcare providers.

Methods: Seventeen healthcare providers from 17 prenatal clinics in Kanungu district, Uganda, were recruited via convenience sampling to participate in an online survey implementing a modified Normalization Measure Development instrument.

Comprehensive Characterization of Hearing Loss and Tinnitus in Military-Affiliated and Non-Military-Affiliated Individuals.

Purpose: Military-affiliated individuals (MIs) are at a higher risk of developing hearing loss and tinnitus. While these disorders are well-studied in MIs, their impact relative to non-military-affiliated individuals (non-MIs) remains understudied. Our study compared hearing, speech-in-noise (SIN) perception, and tinnitus characteristics between MIs and non-MIs.

The quasi-xgamma frailty model with survival analysis under heterogeneity problem, validation testing, and risk analysis for emergency care data.

Frailty models are important for survival data because they allow for the possibility of unobserved heterogeneity problem. The problem of heterogeneity can be existed due to a variety of factors, such as genetic predisposition, environmental factors, or lifestyle choices. Frailty models can help to identify these factors and to better understand their impact on survival.

Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): human studies design and protocol.

Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. Although there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multicenter study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity.

Nutritional Characteristics, Health Impact, and Applications of Kefir.

A global epidemiological shift has been observed in recent decades, characterized by an increase in age-related disorders, notably non-communicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. An appreciable causal link between changes in the gut microbiota and the onset of these maladies has been recognized, offering an avenue for effective management. Kefir, a probiotic-enriched fermented food, has gained significance in this setting due to its promising resource for the development of functional or value-added food formulations and its ability to reshape gut microbial composition.

Acute effects of MitoQ on vascular endothelial function are influenced by cardiorespiratory fitness and baseline FMD in middle-aged and older adults.

A key mechanism promoting vascular endothelial dysfunction is mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Aerobic exercise preserves endothelial function in preclinical models by lowering mtROS. However, the effects of mtROS on endothelial function in exercising and non-exercising adults is limited.

Insight into the adaptive role of arachnid genome-wide duplication through chromosome-level genome assembly of the Western black widow spider.

Although spiders are one of the most diverse groups of arthropods, the genetic architecture of their evolutionary adaptations is largely unknown. Specifically, ancient genome-wide duplication occurring during arachnid evolution ~450 mya resulted in a vast assembly of gene families, yet the extent to which selection has shaped this variation is understudied. To aid in comparative genome sequence analyses, we provide a chromosome-level genome of the Western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus)-a focus due to its silk properties, venom applications, and as a model for urban adaptation.

Examining the Interplay between the Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Gender Differences in Spatial Processing.

Women reliably perform worse than men on measures of spatial ability, particularly those involving mental rotation. At the same time, females also report higher levels of spatial anxiety than males. What remains unclear, however, is whether and in what ways gender differences in these cognitive and affective aspects of spatial processing may be interrelated.

Microbial-Based Bioactive Compounds to Alleviate Inflammation in Obesity.

The increased prevalence of obesity with several other metabolic disorders, including diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, has reached global pandemic proportions. Lifestyle changes may result in a persistent positive energy balance, hastening the onset of these age-related disorders and consequently leading to a diminished lifespan. Although suggestions have been raised on the possible link between obesity and the gut microbiota, progress has been hampered due to the extensive diversity and complexities of the gut microbiota.

Molecular Adsorption and Physicochemical Properties at Liquid/Liquid Nanoemulsion Soft Interfaces: Effect of Charge and Hydrophobicity.

Contrary to the popular adage, "Oil and water do not mix", evidence of mixtures comprising the two "immiscible" liquids is universal. In the presence of an emulsifier, oil and water mix to form a colloidal suspension known as emulsion. Their utility in many areas such as food chemistry, biomedical health sectors, catalysis, and the petroleum industry is well recognized.

Sarm1 is not necessary for activation of neuron-intrinsic growth programs yet required for the Schwann cell repair response and peripheral nerve regeneration.

Upon peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury, severed axons undergo rapid SARM1-dependent Wallerian degeneration (WD). In mammals, the role of SARM1 in PNS regeneration, however, is unknown. Here we demonstrate that is not required for axotomy induced activation of neuron-intrinsic growth programs and axonal growth into a nerve crush site.

Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

Purpose Of Review: Examine the current state of literature related to the impact of obesity in children and adolescents on health-related physical fitness and the resultant cardiometabolic disease risk.

Recent Findings: Cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents has declined over the past few decades which corresponds with an increase in obesity rates. Children with obesity are more likely to have low cardiorespiratory fitness which is associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk and poorer mental health.

Assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical and community settings: Lessons and advancements in the 100th year anniversary of VO.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a well-established biomarker that has applications to all adults across the health and disease spectrum. Despite overwhelming evidence supporting the prognostic utility of CRF, it remains vastly underutilized. CRF is optimally measured via cardiopulmonary exercise testing which may not be feasible to implement on a large scale.

The Collective Influence of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Cognitive Test Anxiety, and Academic Self-Handicapping on Learner Outcomes: Evidence for a Process Model.

Research on achievement emotions and behaviors has routinely demonstrated connections to student performance. This study approaches the work from a perspective of greater integration of multiple variables and examines potential nonlinear relationships among intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive test anxiety, academic self-handicapping, and student performance. Using structured equations modeling and generalized additive modeling, our results confirm better predictions of student performance when using both multivariate and curvilinear analyses.

Decreased salivary alpha-amylase reactivity for excluded young women after a speech task.

Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has gained popularity as an easily collected biomarker for sympathetic nervous system activation, and research has shown increases in sAA after completing experimental stress tasks in certain groups. However, recent work suggests that salivary cortisol, another stress biomarker, is suppressed after a speech task among experimentally induced exclusion in young women. The present analysis investigated the sAA response in biologically female undergraduates (n=31) who completed a game of Cyberball and then a speech anticipation task.

Update to the 2016 American Heart Association cardiorespiratory fitness statement.

In 2016 the American Heart Association published a scientific statement that summarized a large body of evidence concluding that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was a powerful marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-mortality risk; its association with morbidity and mortality was independent of commonly obtained risk factors, and consequently, that it should be a routine measure in all health care settings. Since 2016 the interest in CRF as a prognostic for human health and performance has increased exponentially. This review will summarize a growing body of evidence that reinforces the notion that the assessment of CRF improves patient/client management.

Do syndemic conditions predict HIV medication adherence among urban African American men?

Much progress has been made in advancing antiretroviral (ART) adherence, yet disparities remain. To explore relationships of syndemic conditions - co-occurring health conditions caused by combinations of biological, social, and structural factors - to ART adherence among African American men, we used data from longitudinal assessments of 302 African American men enrolled in a study designed to increase physical activity and healthy eating. Syndemic conditions included alcohol dependency, drug dependency, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and unstable housing.

Probe the Dynamic Adsorption and Phase Transition of Underpotential Deposition Processes at Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces.

Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (E-QCM) techniques in combination with DFT calculations have been applied to reveal the static phase and the phase transition of copper underpotential deposition (UPD) on a gold electrode surface. EC-STM demonstrated, for the first time, the direct visualization of the disintegration of (√3 × √3)R30° copper UPD adlayer with coadsorbed SO while changing sample potential () toward the redox Pa2/Pc2 peaks, which are associated with the phase transition between the Cu UPD (√3 × √3)R30° phase II and disordered randomly adsorbed phase III. DFT calculations show that SO binds three oxygens to the bridge sites of the copper with sulfate being located directly above the copper vacancy in the (√3 × √3)R30° adlayer, whereas the remaining oxygen of the sulfate points away from the surface.

Arab American well-being and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Like other racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States, discrimination has contributed to health disparities for Arab Americans and placed them at increased risk for health concerns that have only persisted with the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the present study was to identify how the wellbeing of Arab Americans was impacted during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

Method: Using a qualitative approach, we gathered responses from 604 Arab Americans to open-ended questions.

Vegetarian diets and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An observational study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018 using propensity score methods.

Background: Studies on the association between vegetarian diets and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited and have inconsistent results. This study aims to explore the association between vegetarian diets and NAFLD and compare the stage of fibrosis between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in a US representative sample.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 23,130 participants aged ≥20 years were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018.