The shape of the corpus callosum is different in bipolar disorder.

Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent chronic disorder characterised by fluctuations in mood and energy disposition. Diseases could lead to degenerative alterations in brain structures such as corpus callosum (CC). Studies demonstrated that abnormalities in CC are associated with BD symptoms.

Being the Mother of a Special Child: Resilience and Marital Adjustment in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: This study aims to examine the levels and the relationship between resilience and marital adjustment in mothers of a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

Methods: Seventy mothers with a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who have been followed up in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Bakırköy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery and 74 mothers with a typically developing child to form the control group were included in the study. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale was applied to assess the severity of autism symptoms in children.

D-serine and D-amino acid oxidase levels in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the first episode and 6-month follow-up.

Background: D-serine and the D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) enzyme, which breaks down d-amino acids, may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia by affecting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The exact role of D-serine and DAO, as well as the consequences of increased DAO activity in patients with schizophrenia, remain unclear. We aimed to investigate D-serine and DAO levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders before treatment and after six months of treatment.

Exploring shared triggers and potential etiopathogenesis between migraine and idiopathic/genetic epilepsy: Insights from a multicenter tertiary-based study.

Introduction: Migraine and epilepsy are two episodic disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of our research was to assess the possible shared etiopathogenesis by analyzing the relations of headache, and seizure triggers, based on information obtained from a national cohort surveying the headache characteristics of 809 patients who had been diagnosed with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy.

Material And Methods: Our study utilized data from a multi-center, nationwide investigation of headaches in 809 patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy.

LSVT® BIG versus progressive structured mobility training through synchronous telerehabilitation in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative illness associated with motor symptoms.

Aim: The aim of study was to compare the effects of synchronous telerehabilitation-based Lee Silverman Voice Treatment® BIG (LSVT® BIG) protocol and progressive structured mobility training in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Thirty-two patients diagnosed with PD (aged 40-72 years, Hoehn-Yahr stage 1-3) were randomly allocated into LSVT® BIG (Group 1) and Progressive Structured Mobility Training (Group 2) groups.

Turkish Validation of the Rapid Interactive Screening Test for Autism in Toddlers.

It is important to diagnose autism spectrum disorder at an early age and to start an early intervention program without delay. In this study, we aimed to validate the Rapid Interactive Screening Test for Autism in Toddlers (RITA-T) in a group of Turkish children and found that the RITA-T which has been shown to be a valid and reliable screening test for 18- to 36-month-old children in studies conducted in different countries, is also valid in Turkish children. Similar to previous studies, our results showed that the RITA-T has good sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing children with autism spectrum disorder.

Clinical Characteristics of Healthcare Workers Attended to a Mental Health Support Line in the Very Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze and report findings from the sessions conducted with healthcare workers during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: The study sample consisted of 130 healthcare workers who have consecutively reached out to nationwide psychosocial support line within the first ten days of COVID-19 pandemic and had a 30-minute video session and received psychological first aid and were evaluated using a socio-demographic data form. Mental state severity and progress were assessed using CGI (clinical global impressions) at the first and follow-up interviews.

A multi-dimensional assessment of internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: A case-control study.

Background: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) leads to social disturbances and isolation, neglect of daily responsibilities, behavioral disorders, and physical impairments.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of IGD on spine biomechanics, range of motion in the neck and low back, and lung functions and respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents.

Methods: Sixty-four children and adolescents with IGD (Group I) and 41 healthy controls (Group II) were included in the study.

Metaproteogenomic analysis of saliva samples from Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment (CI) is very common in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and progressively develops on a spectrum from mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) to full dementia (PDD). Identification of PD patients at risk of developing cognitive decline, therefore, is unmet need in the clinic to manage the disease. Previous studies reported that oral microbiota of PD patients was altered even at early stages and poor oral hygiene is associated with dementia.

Exploring the clinical characteristics and etiological factors of comorbid major depressive disorder and social anxiety disorder.

The comorbidity between the major depressive disorder (MDD) and the social anxiety disorder (SAD) is significantly prevalent, necessitating a nuanced understanding of their overlapping clinical characteristics and shared etiological factors, including inflammatory biomarkers. To address this, we conducted a cross-sectional study from December 2021 to June 2022, encompassing 204 outpatients diagnosed with MDD-SAD comorbidity. We employed various psychometric assessments, such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS).

Use of follow-on fingolimod for multiple sclerosis: Analysis of effectiveness and patient reported outcomes in a real-world clinical setting.

Background: Follow-on disease modifying therapies (FO-DMTs) do not always require Phase III studies. There are concerns that cheaper FO-DMTs are only used to reduce healthcare costs. However, the well-being of people with MS (pwMS) should be a priority.

Anatomy and Histology of the Petrous Carotid Membrane: Application to Skull Base Surgery.

Background: Published reports regarding the tissue types that surround the internal carotid artery (ICA) as it travels through the carotid canal vary. Reports have variably defined this membrane as periosteum, loose areolar tissue, or dura mater. With such discrepancies and realizing that knowledge of this tissue might be important for skull base surgeons who expose or mobilize the ICA at this location, the present anatomical/histological study was performed.

Microsurgical and fiber tract anatomy of the interthalamic adhesion.

Objective: The authors of this study aimed to define the microanatomy of the interthalamic adhesion (ITA) using microfiber dissection, magnetic resonance (MR) tractography, and histological analysis.

Methods: Sagittal, coronal, and axial MR images from 160 healthy individuals 2-82 years of age were examined. The relationships between age range and ITA morphology as well as between gender and ITA morphology were evaluated statistically.

Direct Hemi-Hypoglossal Nerve and Hypoglossal Nerve for Suprascapular Nerve/Proximal Brachial Plexus Neurotization: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study.

Introduction Partial restoration of shoulder function is important in upper brachial plexus lesions, and the suprascapular nerve is often the target for such neurotization procedures. Although there is an extensive history of peripheral nerve surgeons using the hypoglossal nerve for various local nerve transfers, some have reported using this nerve as a donor for upper brachial plexus grafting procedures. We discuss our anatomical findings for the use of a direct hypoglossal to suprascapular nerve transfer.

Comparison of Social-Evaluative Anxiety and Theory of Mind Functions in Social Anxiety Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Healthy Controls.

Introduction: Despite the similarities in poor social competence and clinical manifestations of poor social behavior, no study has compared the theory of mind performance between social anxiety disorder (SAD) and schizophrenia, considering the effect of social-evaluative anxiety and neurocognitive functions. In our study, we aimed to compare the theory of mind functions and social-evaluative anxiety between patients with SAD and schizophrenia and healthy controls and to examine the relationship between the theory of mind, neurocognitive skills, and social-evaluative anxiety.

Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients with schizophrenia, 29 patients with SAD, and 30 controls matched by age, education level, and sex were enrolled in the study.

The role of an open artificial intelligence platform in modern neurosurgical education: a preliminary study.

The use of artificial intelligence in neurosurgical education has been growing in recent times. ChatGPT, a free and easily accessible language model, has been gaining popularity as an alternative education method. It is necessary to explore the potential of this program in neurosurgery education and to evaluate its reliability.

The emotions experienced by family medicine residents and interns during their clinical trainings: a qualitative study.

Background: The family medicine residents and final year medical students are challenged with increased workload and they experience various emotions during their clinical trainings. They are confronted with uncertainties in their role descriptions and they witness illness, suffering and deaths as part of their everyday duties which may lead to burnout. Only several studies have focused on these experiences to find out what the family medicine residents and medical students were literally feeling.

The Venous Circle of Trolard: An Anatomical Study with Application to Approaches to the Basal Brain.

Background: The arterial circle of Willis is a well-known and interconnecting set of blood vessels at the base of the brain. However, its lesser-known venous counterpart, the circle of Trolard, has had almost no attention in the extant medical literature.

Methods: Twenty-four adult human brains underwent dissection of the circle of Trolard.