Comparison of Outcomes of Coronary Artery Disease Treated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in 3 Different Age Groups (<45, 46-65, and >65 Years).

There is paucity of data examining long-term outcomes of premature coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to investigate the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of patients with premature CAD treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to older cohorts. We analyzed data from 27,869 patients who underwent PCI from 2005-2017 enrolled in a multicenter PCI registry.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: a prevalence based cost-of-illness study.

Background: The economic burden of type 2 diabetes has not been adequately investigated in many low- and lower middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes and to find its determinants in Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 to recruit 1253 participants with type 2 diabetes from six diabetes hospitals, providing primary to tertiary health care services, located in the northern and central regions of Bangladesh.

Burden of macro- and micro-vascular complications of type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.

Objective: The aim was to estimate the burden of macro- and micro-vascular complications on hospitalisation and healthcare cost among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017. A total of 1253 patients were recruited from six hospitals.

Glycaemic Control for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh - An urgent need for optimization of management plan.

The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of glycaemic control among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out during March to September 2017, and 1253 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from six hospitals. Data were collected from patients via face-to-face interview, and their medical records were reviewed.

Cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and lower-middle income countries: a systematic review.

Background: Diabetes is one of the world's most prevalent and serious non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It is a leading cause of death, disability and financial loss; moreover, it is identified as a major threat to global development. The chronic nature of diabetes and its related complications make it a costly disease.

What effect does regular exercise have on oxidative stress in people with Down syndrome? A systematic review with meta-analyses.

Objective: What effect does regular exercise have on oxidative stress in people with Down syndrome?

Design: Systematic review with meta-analyses.

Methods: A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted. Six databases were searched from inception until August 2017.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in suspected blunt cardiac injury: A prospective, pilot, cohort study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of blunt cardiac injury (BCI) as determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and to compare this to currently used diagnostic methods in severely injured patients.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective, pilot cohort study of 42 major trauma patients from July 2013 to Jan 2015. The cohort underwent CMR within 7 days, enrolling 21 patients with evidence of chest injury and an elevated Troponin I compared to 21 patients without chest injury who acted as controls.

The emerging role of metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Metformin use during pregnancy is controversial and there is disparity in the acceptance of metformin treatment in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Australia. Despite short term maternal and neonatal safety measures, the placental transfer of metformin during GDM treatment and the absence of long-term safety data in offspring has regulators and prescribers cautious about its use. To determine the current role in GDM management, this literature review describes the physiological changes that occur in GDM and other forms of diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) and international changes in guidelines for GDM diagnosis.

Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)4 and MyD88 are Essential for Atheroprotection by Peritoneal B1a B Cells.

Background: We previously identified peritoneal B1a cells that secrete natural IgM as a key atheroprotective B cell subset. However, the molecules that activate atheroprotective B1a cells are unknown. Here, we investigated whether Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 expressed by B1a cells are required for IgM-mediated atheroprotection.

Protective Effect of Inflammasome Activation by Hydrogen Peroxide in a Mouse Model of Septic Shock.

Objectives: To study the effect of a lack of antioxidant defenses during lethal pneumonia induced by Klebsiella pneumonia, compared to wild-type mice.

Setting: Laboratory experiments.

Subjects: C57Bl6 and glutathione peroxidase 1 knockout mice.

Association of impaired fasting glucose, diabetes and dietary patterns with mortality: a 10-year follow-up cohort in Eastern China.

Aims: To examine the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/type 2 diabetes and mortality as well as to explore any interactions with dietary intake patterns in a Chinese population.

Methods: We followed 2849 Chinese adults aged 20 years and older for 10 years. Fasting plasma glucose was measured at baseline in 2002.

PKR is not obligatory for high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic and inflammatory complications.

Protein kinase R (PKR) has previously been suggested to mediate many of the deleterious consequences of a high-fat diet (HFD). However, previous studies have observed substantial phenotypic variability when examining the metabolic consequences of PKR deletion. Accordingly, herein, we have re-examined the role of PKR in the development of obesity and its associated metabolic complications in vivo as well as its putative lipid-sensing role in vitro.

Anti-HMGB1 antibody reduces weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Insulin resistance in obesity is believed to be propagated by adipose tissue and liver inflammation. HMGB1 is a multifunctional protein that is pro-inflammatory when released from cells. It has been previously demonstrated that anti-HMGB1 antibody reduces atherosclerotic lesion pro-inflammatory cells and progression of atherosclerosis in a mouse model.

Phosphatidylserine liposomes mimic apoptotic cells to attenuate atherosclerosis by expanding polyreactive IgM producing B1a lymphocytes.

Aims: To investigate whether activation of atheroprotective peritoneal B1a cells by apoptotic cells or phosphatidylserine liposomes (PSLs) can enhance their protective actions during atherosclerosis development.

Methods And Results: Male apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were treated with apoptotic cells or PSLs at the beginning of 8-week high-fat diet. Intraperitoneally administered apoptotic cells attenuated atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice by 53% and macrophage accumulation by 52%, effects mimicked by administering PSLs and abolished by B1a cell depletion by splenectomy.

Short term fat feeding rapidly increases plasma insulin but does not result in dyslipidaemia.

Although the association between obesity and hypertension is well-known, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Previously, we have shown that 3 week fat feeding in rabbits produces greater visceral adiposity, hypertension, tachycardia and elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) compared to rabbits on a normal diet. Because hyperinsulinaemia, hyperleptinemia, and dyslipidaemia are independent cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension we compared plasma insulin, leptin, and lipid profiles in male New Zealand White rabbits fed a normal fat diet (NFD 4.

CD4+ natural killer T cells potently augment aortic root atherosclerosis by perforin- and granzyme B-dependent cytotoxicity.

Rationale: CD4(+) natural killer T (NKT) cells augment atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE)(-/-) mice but their mechanisms of action are unknown.

Objectives: We investigated the roles of bystander T, B, and NK cells; NKT cell-derived interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-21 cytokines; and NKT cell-derived perforin and granzyme B cytotoxins in promoting CD4(+) NKT cell atherogenicity.

Methods And Results: Transfer of CD4(+) NKT cells into T- and B-cell-deficient ApoE(-/-)Rag2(-/-) mice augmented aortic root atherosclerosis by ≈75% that was ≈30% of lesions in ApoE(-/-) mice; macrophage accumulation similarly increased.

Change in well-being amongst participants in a four-month pedometer-based workplace health program.

Background: There is increasing uptake of workplace physical activity programs to prevent chronic disease. While they are frequently evaluated for improvement in biomedical risk factors there has been little evaluation of additional benefits for psychosocial health. We aimed to evaluate whether participation in a four-month, team-based, pedometer-based workplace health program known to improve biomedical risk factors is associated with an improvement in well-being, immediately after the program and eight-months after program completion.

The timeless influence of Hippocratic ideals on diet, salicytates and personalized medicine.

At a time when superstition and deities were thought to be responsible for health and disease, Hippocrates of Kos emerged as a rational thinker assigning disease to natural causes. His insights, which principally arose from what may be considered almost compulsive examination and comparison, formed the basis of Hippocratic Medicine. There are still unresolved questions regarding the authenticity of the approximately 70 works shaping the Hippocratic Corpus.

Relationships of vascular function with measures of ambulatory blood pressure variation.

Background: Characteristics of short-term blood pressure (BP) variation may influence cardiovascular disease risk via effects on vascular function.

Objective: In a cross-sectional study of a group of treated hypertensive and untreated largely normotensive subjects we investigated the relationships of measures of short-term BP variation with brachial artery vasodilator function.

Methods: A total of 163 treated hypertensive (n = 91) and untreated largely normotensive (n = 72) men and women were recruited from the general population.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia, free water protocol and quality of life: an update from a prospective clinical trial.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia, typically associated with older adults, represents a spectrum of swallowing disorders with potentially serious complications and a negative impact on quality of life. A major complication of dysphagia is caused by aspiration, predominantly of thin liquids, which may cause aspiration pneumonia. Given that thin liquids are typically aspirated, the conventional therapy involves altering the diet to one consisting of modified solid consistencies and thickened fluids.

The significance of transferrin receptors in oncology: the development of functional nano-based drug delivery systems.

Anticancer therapeutic research aims to improve clinical management of the disease through the development of strategies that involve currently-relevant treatment options and targeted delivery. Tumour-specific and -targeted delivery of compounds to the site of malignancy allows for enhanced cellular uptake, increased therapeutic benefit with high intratumoural drug concentrations, and decreased systemic exposure. Due to the upregulation of transferrin receptor expression in a wide variety of cancers, its function and its highly efficient recycling pathway, strategies involving the selective targeting of the receptor are well documented.