Violence toward health workers in Bahrain Defense Force Royal Medical Services' emergency department.

Background: Employees working in emergency departments (EDs) in hospital settings are disproportionately affected by workplace violence as compared to those working in other departments. Such violence results in minor or major injury to these workers. In other cases, it leads to physical disability, reduced job performance, and eventually a nonconducive working environment for these workers.

Selecting graduates for the interns' award by using multisource feedback process: does it work?

Background: The purpose of this study is to find a reliable method for choosing graduates for a higher-education award. One such method that has achieved notable popularity is known as multisource feedback. Multisource feedback is assessment tool that uses evaluations of different groups and includes both physicians and non-physicians.

Common Findings in Blunt Thyroid Fracture.

Although blunt neck trauma is known to be rare, occurring in approximately 5% of all neck traumas, undiagnosed cases may have a devastating outcome. Physicians need to fully understand the mechanism of the injury and the external laryngeal trauma signs. A physician's precise diagnosis and proper management are necessary to avoid long-term complications or death.

Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations.

Northeast Africa has a long history of human habitation, with fossil-finds from the earliest anatomically modern humans, and housing ancient civilizations. The region is also the gate-way out of Africa, as well as a portal for migration into Africa from Eurasia via the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula. We investigate the population history of northeast Africa by genotyping ~3.

The Management of Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Lipid-Lowering Drugs: A Sub-Analysis of the CEPHEUS Findings.

Background: Dyslipidaemia is a risk factor for macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim was to assess the use of lipid lowering drugs (LLDs) in patients with T2DM and co-existing dyslipidaemia.

Method: A multicentre, non-interventional survey conducted in 6 Middle Eastern countries (Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait).

Computerized Tomography Use in Williams-Beuren Syndrome Aortopathy.

Williams-Beuren syndrome is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by hemizygous deletion on chromosome 7q11.23, encompassing about 28 genes including the elastin gene, ELN. Cardiovascular abnormalities are frequent and are related to elastin insufficiency.

Intracardiac Penetrating Injury with Right Femoral Artery Embolism due to Blast Injury.

Embolization due to blast injury with projectiles entering the bloodstream from the heart is a rare event that is unlikely to be suspected during the initial assessment of trauma patients. We report a case in which a missile penetrating the heart chambers managed to embolize and occlude the right common femoral artery. This was successfully managed by means of a multidisciplinary approach that included exploration, cardiorrhaphy, and embolectomy.

Analysis of psychometric properties of the modified SETQ tool in undergraduate medical education.

Background: Effective clinical teaching is crucially important for the future of patient care. Robust clinical training therefore is essential to produce physicians capable of delivering high quality health care. Tools used to evaluate medical faculty teaching qualities should be reliable and valid.

OUTCOMES OF PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF REFRACTORY AQUEOUS MISDIRECTION SYNDROME.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and complications of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and adjunct surgeries for aqueous misdirection refractory to medical therapy.

Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive eyes with refractory aqueous misdirection at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital between 2002 and 2010. Patients underwent two-port and three-port pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with adjunct procedures including pars plana lensectomy combined with posterior capsulectomy, hyaloido-zonulo-iridectomy, and synechiolysis.

The Safety and Tolerability of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Phosphate with Sodium Ferrous Citrate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bahrain.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is prevalent especially in Gulf countries and poses serious long-term risks to patients. A multifaceted treatment approach can include nutritional supplements with antioxidant properties such as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC). This prospective, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalating pilot clinical trial assessed the safety of 5-ALA with SFC at doses up to 200 mg 5-ALA/229.

From Neck Swelling to Abrupt Compromised Airway: A Case of a Hemorrhagic Ruptured Thyroid Cyst.

Here, we present a rare case of spontaneous hemorrhagic rupture of a benign thyroid cyst in an adult Indian female who had no history of thyroid gland disease, trauma or coagulopathies. The patient presented to the Emergency Department with a suddenly progressive left-sided neck swelling of short duration. A 36-year-old otherwise healthy female presented to our Emergency Department with a progressive swelling on the left side of her neck that had started 2 days before her visit.

Impact of metabolic syndrome on lipid target achievements in the Arabian Gulf: findings from the CEPHEUS study.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on lipid target achievements in the Arabian Gulf.

Methods: The centralized pan-middle east survey on the undertreatment of hypercholesterolemia (CEPHEUS) included 4171 high and very high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk patients from six Arabian Gulf countries. Analyses were performed using univariate statistics.

Feasibility and psychometric analysis of graduate satisfaction survey of medical students graduating from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain).

To assess the satisfaction levels of graduates of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain). The graduate survey was administered to four groups of graduates of the RCSI Bahrain who graduated between the years 2010 and 2014. The graduate survey assessed five major domains and comprised 41 items.

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol target achievement in patients on lipid-lowering drugs and stratified by triglyceride levels in the Arabian Gulf.

Background: Atherogenic dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in the Arabian Gulf. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) reduction has been proposed as an additional goal to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Data on non-HDL-C goal attainment in patients with high triglycerides (TGs) on lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) in the region is scarce.

The Gulf Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator Registry: Rationale, Methodology, and Implementation.

Background: The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is effective in the prevention of sudden cardiac death in high-risk patients. Little is known about ICD use in the Arabian Gulf. We designed a study to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving ICDs in the Arab Gulf region.

Cross-cultural challenges in assessing medical professionalism among emergency physicians in a Middle Eastern Country (Bahrain): feasibility and psychometric properties of multisource feedback.

Background: Multisource feedback (MSF) is an evaluation tool whereby surveys assessing physicians are administered among medical peers and colleagues. Such evaluations provide physicians with non-biased valuations of both their strengths and their weaknesses, offering an opportunity for improvement in their work. Studies have shown that MSF is particularly effective for emergency care physicians.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, is it an autoimmune disease?

Background: Autoimmunity has been identified in a significant number of neuropathies, such as, proximal neuropathies, and autonomic neuropathies associated with diabetes mellitus. However, possible correlations between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and autoimmunity have not yet been fully investigated.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate whether autoimmunity is associated with the pathogenesis of human diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Driving and diabetes mellitus in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Call for action.

The aim of the present article is to increase awareness concerning safe driving for patients with diabetes in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and to provide recommendations concerning the management of these patients. The cognitive, motor, and sensory skills required for driving can be adversely affected by diabetes as well as the side effects of anti-diabetic medications, particularly hypoglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes in the GCC countries is among the highest in the world.

Cross-cultural challenges for assessing medical professionalism among clerkship physicians in a Middle Eastern country (Bahrain): feasibility and psychometric properties of multisource feedback.

Background: We aimed to design, implement, and evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a multisource feedback (MSF) system to assess interns in their clerkship year in the Middle Eastern culture, the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Method: The study was undertaken in the Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, a military teaching hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A total of 21 interns (who represent the total population of the interns for the given year) were assessed in this study.

Chronic Contained Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Mimicking Vertebral Spondylodiscitis: A Case Report.

A 63-year-old Caucasian male presented with a 4-month history of low back pain associated with bilateral intermittent claudication. A contrast enhanced CT scan demonstrated a 4 cm abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), along with severe bilateral aorto-iliac disease, a right psoas collection, and extensive vertebral erosion. An MRI of the lumbar spine suggested spondylodiscitis at L4-L5.

The construct and criterion validity of the multi-source feedback process to assess physician performance: a meta-analysis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the construct and criterion validity of multi-source feedback (MSF) to assess physicians and surgeons in practice.

Methods: In this study, we followed the guidelines for the reporting of observational studies included in a meta-analysis. In addition to PubMed and MEDLINE databases, the CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched from January 1975 to November 2012.

The reliability, validity, and feasibility of multisource feedback physician assessment: a systematic review.

Purpose: The use of multisource feedback (MSF) or 360-degree evaluation has become a recognized method of assessing physician performance in practice. The purpose of the present systematic review was to investigate the reliability, generalizability, validity, and feasibility of MSF for the assessment of physicians.

Method: The authors searched the EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL databases for peer-reviewed, English-language articles published from 1975 to January, 2013.

The impact of sleeve gastrectomy on hyperlipidemia: a systematic review.

Background: Weight loss and reduction in comorbidities can be achieved by longitudinal sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Existing evidence suggests that LSG resolves or improves hyperlipidemia in morbidly obese patients. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of LSG on hyperlipidemia.

Aneurysm of the tibio-peroneal trunk: case report.

Behcet's disease is an inflammatory disorder of unknown cause. It's a systemic disorder that may affect any system in the body. Vascular system involvement occurs in 25%-30%.

Idiopathic omental infarction, diagnosed and managed laparoscopically: a case report.

Idiopathic omental infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen in adults, and the clinical finding can mimic acute appendicitis. Although idiopathic omental infarction is uncommon, the incidence of its detection has become more frequent as a result of advances in radiological technologies. We reported on a 21-year-old man who presented with sudden onset of intermittent right lower quadrant abdominal pain for seven days.