Maternal diabetes as a teratogenic factor for congenital heart defects in infants of diabetic mothers.

Background: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are shown to have an association with maternal diabetes mellitus. The Bahraini population has a high prevalence of diabetes 16.3% thus putting it at increased risk of developing CHDs in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs).

The Merit of Image Guidance in Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery.

The introduction of image guidance navigation system in endoscopic sinus surgeries has been highly advocated in the recent past era. Ever since its introduction in the 1980s and 1990s in Germany it has been asserted that the image-guided navigation enhances surgical outcomes and diminished perioperative morbidities. The objective of this study is to reflect the experience of our institute with the image guidance navigation system in the frontal sinus endoscopic surgeries, specifically due to its constricted anatomy and proximity to vital structures.

COVID-19 vaccinations in pregnancy: Save mother and baby from COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The current study investigated the immune response of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and vertical transmission of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins.

Study Design: This retrospective study included pregnant women in Bahrain Defense Force Hospital from March 2021 to September 2021 who were vaccinated with Sinopharm or Pfizer/BioNTech. Testing of anti-N and -S levels from paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood was performed at the time of delivery.

Three-year clinical outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with excisional goniotomy using the kahook dual blade for cataract and open-angle glaucoma in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP-reducing drugs, and visual acuity (VA) through up to 3 years of follow-up in patients undergoing combined phacoemulsification and excisional goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB-phaco) by a single surgeon in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The health records of 55 eyes of 47 patients undergoing KDB-phaco by a single surgeon were reviewed. Data were extracted from visits occurring preoperatively ( = 55), intraoperatively ( = 55), and 1-day ( = 55), 2 weeks ( = 55), 4-6 weeks ( = 49), 2-3 months ( = 55), and 6 ( = 55), 9 ( = 55), 12 ( = 55), 18 ( = 49), 24 ( = 46), and 36 months ( = 16) postoperatively.

C-Reactive Protein Levels in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis.

Results: Of 287 patients, 229 (79.2%) were included. 132 (57.

Polymer Emboli Complicating Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Case Report.

Hydrophilic polymers are frequently used as surface coatings in modern intravascular technologies. We hereby present a case of a patient who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation that was complicated with foot gangrene and mesenteric ischemia, necessitating emergency enterectomy. Histologic examination revealed hydrophilic polymer emboli as the culprit of these complications.

The Achievement of Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target in Patients with Very High Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Stratified by Triglyceride Levels Despite Statin-controlled Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol.

Objectives: We sought to estimate the percentage achievements of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) target in patients with very high atheroscleroticcardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk stratified by triglyceride (TG) levels despite statin-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the Centralized Pan-Middle East Survey on the under treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Methods: The non-HDL-C target achievement in patients with diabetes mellites (DM) and patients with established ASCVD was defined according to European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society 2019 guidelines for managing dyslipidemia. Patients were stratified to controlled LDL-C defined as < 70 mg/dL (< 1.

Comparative Effectiveness of Closed Reduction With Percutaneous Pinning and Open Reduction With Internal Fixation in the Operative Management of Pediatric Type III Supracondylar Fractures.

Background Supracondylar fracture with total displacement is classified as Gartland type 3. The operative management for this type of fracture can be closed reduction with percutaneous pinning (CRPP) or open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF). This study aims to determine whether CRPP or ORIF led to smaller changes in Baumann's angle, the carrying angle, loss of motion, and complication when treating pediatric supracondylar fractures.

COVID-19 Recovery Patterns Across Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) Variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Background: B.1.1.

Does influenza vaccination help reduce incidence of COVID-19 infection among hospital employees?

To facilitate the understanding of the interaction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other pathogens causing respiratory system affection we investigated the effect of influenza vaccination on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 among members of staff working in the Bahrain Defense Force Hospital.All staff members working in the hospital between February 2020 and March 2021 were divided into 2 main groups based on whether or not they received influenza vaccination. None of the participants had received any of the COVID-19 vaccines throughout this time period.

Clinical delineation of myasthenia gravis in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Objectives: To report demographic and clinical data on 98 myasthenia gravis (MG) patients, seen over 5 years (January 2014-December 2018).

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study carried out at 3 hospitals in Bahrain. MG was classified into ocular or generalized types.

A case report of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis necessitating total pericardiectomy.

Background: Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is one of the most serious sequelae of tuberculous pericarditis, which is characterized by heart constriction secondary to intense pericardial inflammation and thickening. Several invasive and non-invasive diagnostic modalities are crucial to address the challenges of confirming the diagnosis of CP and to expedite timely intervention.

Case Summary: This study reports the case of a Bahraini male with tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosed with CP as a result of various evaluations.

Is glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase deficiency associated with severe outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is known to suppress the antioxidant system and is likely to aggravate severity of COVID-19, which results in a pro-oxidant response. This possible association has not been explored adequately in human studies. In this research, we report that the occurrence of non-invasive ventilation, intubation or death-all of which are indicative of severe COVID-19, are not significantly different in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without G6PDd (4.

Unilateral Acute Idiopathic Optic Neuritis With Superior Altitudinal Visual Field Defect as a Presenting Feature.

Patients with acute optic neuritis typically present with acute loss of vision. We describe a case of a young lady of 25 years of age with blurring of vision in the upper visual field of the right eye with otherwise intact visual acuity as the only presenting symptom. Although altitudinal visual field defect is not unknown to be associated with acute optic neuritis, it is generally considered a relatively uncommon occurrence.

Prevalence and incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism in Bahrain: A retrospective study from one medical center.

Objectives: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is considered the third endocrine disorder worldwide. However, the incidence of PHPT is variable in different populations. Since there are no studies on PHPT performed in Bahrain or the surrounding Arab Middle Eastern countries, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of PHPT and its variants in Bahrain.

COVID-19 and mucormycosis superinfection: the perfect storm.

Background: The recent emergence of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) disease had been associated with reports of fungal infections such as aspergillosis and mucormycosis especially among critically ill patients treated with steroids. The recent surge in cases of COVID-19 in India during the second wave of the pandemic had been associated with increased reporting of invasive mucormycosis post COVID-19. There are multiple case reports and case series describing mucormycosis in COVID-19.

Is Atrial Fibrillation a Risk Factor for Worse Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort.

Introduction: New onset atrial fibrillation leads to worse outcomes in patients with sepsis. The association between new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in COVID19 patients with COVID19 outcomes are lacking. This study aims to determine whether new onset atrial fibrillation in COVID19 patients admitted in the ICU is a risk factor for death or requirement of mechanical ventilation (MV).

Long-term reverse remodeling and clinical improvement by MultiPoint Pacing in a randomized, international, Middle Eastern heart failure study.

Purpose: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with multipoint left ventricular (LV) pacing (MultiPoint™ Pacing, MPP) has been shown to improve CRT response, although MPP response using automated pacing vector programming has not been demonstrated in the Middle East. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of MPP to conventional biventricular pacing (BiV) using echocardiographic and clinical changes at 6-month post-implant.

Methods: This prospective, randomized study was conducted at 13 Middle Eastern centers.

Time Till Viral Clearance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Is Similar for Asymptomatic and Non-critically Symptomatic Individuals.

Despite the modeled estimations of the burden of asymptomatic spread, the duration of viral positivity and infectiousness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains understudied. The objective of the present study was to estimate and compare the time till viral clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic and non-critical symptomatic individuals. We studied 184 SARS-CoV-2-positive participants, of whom 145 were asymptomatic.

Non-microvascular Successful Management of Near-total Ear Avulsion.

Traumatic ear avulsion represents a difficult challenge for all reconstructive surgeons; hence, replantation and reattachment will provide the best aesthetic outcome. However, when microsurgery is not possible, the surgeon must choose the most appropriate alternative method to address the concern. We are reporting a case of a near-total right ear external auricle amputation attached only by small skin bridge.

Quarantining arriving travelers in the era of COVID-19: balancing the risk and benefits a learning experience from Bahrain.

The quarantine period imposed to travelers in many countries due to COVID19 is a major obstacle for any traveler. Lifting the quarantine period could lead to significant improvement in people's quality of life and any country's economy. Bahrain have used two quarantine models from arriving passengers.