Proteomic Insight Into Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis Pathways.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, but the pathogenesis mechanism is still elusive. Advances in proteomics have uncovered key molecular mechanisms underlying AD, revealing a complex network of dysregulated pathways, including amyloid metabolism, tau pathology, apolipoprotein E (APOE), protein degradation, neuroinflammation, RNA splicing, metabolic dysregulation, and cognitive resilience. This review examines recent proteomic findings from AD brain tissues and biological fluids, highlighting potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Resolution of hypertension after kidney transplantation is associated with improved kidney transplant outcomes: a nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease suffer from hypertension, and kidney transplantation (KT) has potential to induce hypertension resolution. We hypothesized that hypertension resolution after KT is associated with better KT outcomes.

Methods: We identified KT recipients (2006-2015) who had pretransplant hypertension.

Structural and load-dependent arterial stiffness across the adult life span.

Background: The arterial stiffening is attributed to the intrinsic structural stiffening and/or load-dependent stiffening by increased blood pressure (BP). The respective lifetime alterations and major determinants of the two components with normal aging are not clear.

Methods: A total of 3053 healthy adults (1922 women) aged 18-79 years were enrolled.

Urinary formic acid is associated with cerebral amyloid deposition and glucose metabolism in memory clinic patients.

Background: Urinary formic acid (FA) has been reported to be a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association between FA and pathological changes in memory clinic patients is currently unclear.

Objective: This study aims to investigate associations between FA and pathological changes across different cognitive statuses in memory clinic patients.

Predictive Modeling Is a Reliable Indicator in Determining Excessive Renal Mobility Single-Center Randomized Study.

Excessive kidney mobility is an underestimating challenge for surgeons during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESL). There is no technique approved as a gold standard procedure for reducing excessive kidney mobility. The study aimed to uncover predictive factors for determining excessive renal mobility by utilizing clinicodemographic characteristics and noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) data.

Intent to Leave Associated More Strongly with Workplace Belonging Than Leadership Behaviors of Supervisor in Women Health Care Professionals.

The attrition of health care professionals from institutions has historically been high, with reports of higher rates in women than men. High attrition jeopardizes the institution's financial stability, quality of patient care, and scholarly contributions to advancing health care. The disproportionate loss of women reduces the diversity of perspectives and skills needed to meet patient needs.

Sex-specific association of comorbid heart failure on mortality after Alzheimer's disease diagnosis in older adults aged 75 years and above: A health insurance claims data analysis in Japan.

Background: Research on the influence of heart failure on mortality after Alzheimer's disease diagnosis is limited.

Objective: To evaluate the association between comorbid heart failure and mortality following Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, particularly considering sex differences.

Methods: We analyzed administrative claims data from Japan, involving 32,363 individuals (11,064 men and 21,299 women) aged 75 or older newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, with 7% having comorbid heart failure.

Choline Metabolites, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Heart Failure.

Background: Little is known about the associations between choline metabolites (total choline, phosphatidylcholine, and glycine) and the incidence of heart failure (HF).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the associations of choline metabolites with incident HF and examine the effect modification by genetic susceptibility.

Methods: This prospective cohort study followed 245,072 participants from the UK Biobank from baseline (2006-2010) until March 30, 2023.

Time-Critical Emergencies in Suburban Parks and Outdoor Recreation Spaces.

Objective Prior studies have described the patterns of emergency medical service (EMS) activations in national parks in the United States. However, little data exists regarding EMS activations in local and regional outdoor recreational locations. We performed a retrospective analysis of EMS activations originating from parks and recreational areas in suburban Howard County, Maryland, to characterize those activations determined to be time-critical emergencies.

An Atypical Case of Marchiafava-Bignami Disease in a Young Chronic Alcoholic: Challenges in Diagnosis and Prognosis.

A 27-year-old male patient with chronic alcohol use disorder was diagnosed with Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) after experiencing an episode of unconsciousness. MRI scans revealed lesions in the corpus callosum and adjacent white matter. Despite prompt initiation of intensive treatment with high-dose thiamine and corticosteroids, the patient only partially recovered, remaining disoriented and exhibiting persistent neurological deficits during follow-up.

Recurrent Indolent Keratitis Caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans: A Case Report and Literature Review.

An 83-year-old male with a history of radial keratotomy and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) presented with symptoms of a non-resolving corneal ulcer in the right eye that had been present for five months. The patient was treated with antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal medications over that period, with multiple recurrences that prompted referral to our tertiary center for management. Following a 48-hour cessation of all medications, a corneal biopsy was performed which grew .

A Case of a Newborn Presenting With a VACTERL-Like Association.

The VACTERL (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities) association represents an enigmatic syndrome requiring further study. This report describes a full-term neonate born to a multiparous woman who was found, upon further examination, to have multiple congenital abnormalities, including a bicuspid aortic valve, patent foramen ovale, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), asymmetric crying facies, microphallus, and a single inguinal testis. The discussion explores environmental and genetic factors that may contribute to this association, as well as similar conditions, such as CHARGE (coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities) syndrome.

Current Treatment Paradigm and Approach to Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common forms of primary liver cancer worldwide. Herein, we present a review article that provides a broad overview of the current landscape of HCC, including the etiology, potential risk factors, and molecular pathways that can serve as potential therapeutic targets. The risk factors tend to vary depending on the geographic distribution; hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis and HCC occur more frequently in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, whereas metabolic disorders are the culprits in Western Europe and the Americas.

Abdominal myosteatosis measured with computed tomography predicts poor outcomes in patients with glioblastoma.

Background: Alterations in cellular metabolism affect cancer survival and can manifest in metrics of body composition. We investigated the effects of various body composition metrics on survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who had an abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan performed within 1 month of diagnosis of GBM (178 participants, 102 males, 76 females, median age: 62.

Y Incision and Roof Technique for Aortic Root Enlargement: A Minimally Invasive Approach.

The Y incision and roof technique for aortic valve replacement enable implantation of a large prosthetic valve and extensive enlargement of the sinotubular junction. Surgeons have been reluctant to adopt a minimally invasive approach for this procedure because of its complexity and risk. The Stonehenge technique was designed to achieve an ideal surgical view of the aortic root through a small right thoracotomy.

A Systematic Review of Contemporary Randomized Trials in Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Background: This analysis was conducted to characterize contemporary randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in cardiothoracic surgery.

Methods: We selected randomized controlled trials published in the journals with the highest impact factor in medicine, general surgery, and cardiothoracic surgery and published between 2008 and 2020. Trial characteristics as well as measures of reporting and quality were summarized and compared.

Retroaortic Innominate Vein in Association With Pulmonary Atresia/Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals.

Background: Retroaortic innominate vein (RAIV) is an extremely rare anomaly of systemic venous return. The prevalence of RAIV has been estimated to be 0.02% in individuals without congenital heart disease and 0.

Tailored Practical Simulation Training in Robotic Surgery: A New Educational Technology.

Purpose: We aimed to create a tailored robotic surgery training program that addresses current challenges, enhances patient outcomes, and focuses on skills, knowledge, and strategy.

Description: This study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of existing robotic surgery training methods and proposes a personalized simulation training approach for specific surgical situations. The program emphasizes technical and manual skill development, a robust medical knowledge foundation, and strategic planning using the development, demonstration, discussion, and sharing (3DS) concept.

Thoracoscopic and Transmanubrial Approach for Mediastinal Tumor Extending to the Neck.

The combination of thoracoscopic and transmanubrial approaches provides good visualization and maneuverability of the cervicothoracic junction area. Here we report the case of a young woman with a mediastinal tumor extending to the neck who first underwent a thoracoscopic approach followed by a transmanubrial approach. This procedure was superior in terms of technical advantages and preserved function as well as minimally invasive and cosmetically pleasing.

Robot-Assisted Left Lower Sleeve Lobectomy for Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma.

Surgical resection with lung preservation is the treatment of choice for low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree. This report describes a case of minimally invasive robot-assisted sleeve resection for tracheobronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma and provides detailed instruction, with video demonstration, of the operative technique.

Remission of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A After Adrenalectomy.

A 37-year-old man presented with symptoms of polyuria and weight loss over the past year. Initial laboratory examination showed elevated blood glucose level (468 mg/dL [25.9 mmol/L]; normal reference range [RR], 75-109 mg/dL [4.

Investigating the Uptake of Hypofractionation for Breast and Prostate Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Qualitative Study of Physician and Medical Physicist Perspectives.

Purpose: In prostate and breast cancer, moderate hypofractionation (HF) has demonstrated comparable, if not greater, efficacy than conventional fractionation. There is a stark disparity in the uptake of HF between North America and Africa. Using the Consolidative Framework for Implementation Research, we evaluated barriers and facilitators for implementing HF in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Device-assisted strategies for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier to treat glioblastoma.

The blood-brain barrier, essential for protecting the central nervous system, also restricts drug delivery to this region. Thus, delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier is an active research area in immunology, oncology, and neurology; moreover, novel methods are urgently needed to expand therapeutic options for central nervous system pathologies. While previous strategies have focused on small molecules that modulate blood-brain barrier permeability or penetrate the barrier, there is an increased focus on biomedical devices-external or implanted-for improving drug delivery.