Increased Risk of Myositis-Specific and Myositis-Associated Autoantibodies After COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccination: A Spanish Multicenter Collaborative Study.

: Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines may trigger autoimmune responses in predisposed individuals. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are diseases with diverse clinical manifestations, often associated with myositis autoantibodies (MAs). Diagnosing IIM is challenging due to limitations in classification criteria and diagnostic assays.

Generation of Transcript Length Variants and Reprogramming of mRNA Splicing During Atherosclerosis Progression in ApoE-Deficient Mice.

Variant 3'UTRs provide mRNAs with different binding sites for miRNAs or RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) allowing the establishment of new regulatory environments. Regulation of 3'UTR length impacts on the control of gene expression by regulating accessibility of miRNAs or RBPs to homologous sequences in mRNAs. Studying the dynamics of mRNA length variations in atherosclerosis (ATS) progression and reversion in ApoE-deficient mice exposed to a high-fat diet and treated with an αCD40-specific siRNA or with a sequence-scrambled siRNA as control.

Preferential Genetic Pathways Lead to Relapses in Adult B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and a high relapse rate, affecting over 40% of adults. However, the mechanisms leading to relapse in adults are poorly understood. Forty-four adult B-ALL patients were studied at both diagnosis and relapse by next-generation sequencing (NGS).

The Value of Bone Marrow Assessment by FDG PET/CT, Biopsy and Aspirate in the Upfront Evaluation of Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Assessment of bone marrow infiltration (BMI) is part of the initial staging of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), although BMI evaluated by biopsy (BMB) is not considered significant in the MIPI scales, and standardized recommendations remain lacking.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy and prognostic impact of BMI assessed by PET/CT and BMB in a large series of MCL patients.

Methods: We deconstructed the IPI-NCCN, MIPI, and MIPI-c indices and considered BMI as positive if indicated by a BMB, PET/CT scan, or a combination of both.

Spontaneous and perturbation-based EEG cortical excitability markers are associated with plasma p-tau181 concentration in healthy middle-aged adults.

In early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition can induce neuronal hyperactivity, thereby potentially triggering activity-dependent neuronal secretion of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), ensuing tau aggregation and spread. Therefore, cortical excitability is a candidate biomarker for early AD detection. Moreover, lowering neuronal excitability could potentially complement strategies to reduce Aβ and tau buildup.

Changes in CD4 T cells subsets in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.

Alcohol-related cirrhosis (AC) is a condition that impacts in immunity. We analyzed changes over time in CD4subsets in AC-patients. We included patients with alcohol use disorder admitted at least twice for treatment.

Hand acceleration time (HAT) as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of haemodialysis access-induced distal ischaemia (HAIDI): study protocol for a prospective cohort study in the Barcelona south metropolitan area.

Introduction: Chronic hand ischaemia may affect some haemodialysis patients with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or graft (AVG), a condition known as haemodialysis access-induced distal ischaemia (HAIDI). Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) can provide comprehensive insights into anatomical and perfusion properties, and measuring the hand acceleration time (HAT) has been demonstrated to be sensitive within the framework of chronic upper limb ischaemia.

Methods And Analysis: This single-centre, prospective cohort study will involve adult end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients requiring either AVF or AVG for haemodialysis.

Human and entomological determinants of malaria transmission in the Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The Lihir Islands of Papua New Guinea, located in an area with high burden of malaria and hosting a large mining operation, offer a unique opportunity to study transmission. There, we investigated human and vector factors influencing malaria transmission.

Methods: In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,914 individuals assessing malaria prevalence through rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Treatment patterns and outcomes in secondary acute myeloid leukemia arising after hypomethylating agents: PETHEMA registry study.

Background: Patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia who previously received hypomethylating agents for prior myeloid neoplasms (HMA-sAML) face a dismal prognosis.

Methods: The authors analyze the characteristics, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes of patients with HMA-sAML from the Programa Español para el Tratamiento de Hemopatías Malignas (PETHEMA) registry.

Results: A total of 479 patients were included, mostly from prior myelodysplastic syndrome (84%).

Initial antigen encounter determines robust T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant three years later.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the adaptive immune responses' cross-recognition of the hypermutated SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant and identify the determinants influencing this recognition.

Ileal Predominance in Crohn's Disease Is Associated With Increased Intestinal Surgery and Biological Therapy Use, With Lower Treatment Persistence.

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) varies by location, potentially affecting therapy efficacy and surgery risk, although research on this topic is conflicting. This study aims to investigate the independent association between CD location and therapeutic patterns.

Methods: We analyzed patients with CD diagnosed from January 2005 to May 2023 registered in the nationwide ENEIDA registry.

Rescue stenting after failed mechanical thrombectomy: The RES-CAT study.

Introduction: The efficacy of intracranial rescue stenting (RS) following failed mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of RS in patients with anterior circulation LVO stroke following unsuccessful MT.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Stroke Code Registry of Catalonia (January 2016-March 2022), a prospective, population-based registry including patients treated at 10 comprehensive stroke centers.

Rationale and design of the beta-blockers in tako-tsubo syndrome study: a randomized clinical trial (β-Tako).

Unlabelled: Introduction y objectives: Tako-tsubo syndrome (TTS) is a cardiac condition that mimics acute coronary syndrome, characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of culprit coronary artery stenosis. Although its etiology remains unknown, reversible microvascular dysfunction secondary to an adrenergic surge is thought to play a role. Treatment is empirical, although most patients receive beta-blockers (BB) in clinical practice.

First-line pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and high PD-L1 expression: real-world data from a Spanish multicenter study.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab stands as a first-line option for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (PD-L1 ≥50%). Several factors such as antibiotic exposure, low body mass index (BMI), certain metastatic location or poor performance status may influence outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis in a cohort of patients with advanced high PD-L1 expression NSCLC treated with first-line pembrolizumab in clinical practice.

Optimizing length of hospital stay among inpatients with spinal cord injury: An observational study.

Introduction And Objectives: Despite the importance of length of stay (LOS) following spinal cord injury, it remains underexplored in the literature. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the association between rehabilitation LOS and functional gains among patients with traumatic (TSCI) or non-traumatic (NTSCI) spinal cord injuries.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study assessing functional gains using the motor Functional Independence Measure (mFIM) and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III) from rehabilitation admission to discharge.

Nutritional characterization of patients with oropharyngeal cancers: impact of human papillomavirus status.

Background: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive status is increasing relative to HPV-negative disease. Nutritional features of OPSCC patients according to HPV status is unclear.

Subjects/methods: Canadian and Spanish patients with OPSCC were assessed for body mass index (BMI), weight loss grade (WLG), and computed tomography-defined skeletal muscle index (SMI).

Treatment of acromegaly-induced diabetes: an updated proposal.

Acromegaly-induced diabetes presents unique features due to the direct effects of excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-) on glucose metabolism, especially insulin resistance in association to low body fat content and water retention. Increased cardiovascular risk is much higher when acromegaly is complicated with diabetes, thus requiring a holistic management that addresses also these specific characteristics which differ from those of classical type 2 diabetes.The optimal management of diabetes in acromegaly requires not only an effective control of carbohydrate disturbances per se, but also the concurrent control of GH hypersecretion as it will directly impact on glucose control.

Actions to Improve the Secondary Prevention of Fragility Fractures in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Social Return on Investment (SROI) Study.

Purpose: This study evaluates the Social Return on Investment (SROI) of implementing measures to prevent fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP) in Spain.

Methods: A group of 13 stakeholders identified necessary actions for improving refracture prevention and assessed the investment required from the Spanish National Health System (SNHS), considering direct, indirect, and intangible costs over a one-year period. Unitary costs were sourced from scientific literature and official data, and intangible costs were estimated through surveys on women's willingness to pay for better health-related quality of life.

Theory of mind in schizophrenia through a clinical liability approach: a sib-pair study.

Background: Consistent findings indicate that Theory of Mind (ToM) is impaired in schizophrenia (SZ). To investigate whether such deficits are trait- or state-dependent, we investigated if ToM is modified by clinical liability markers (such as basic symptoms and psychotic-like experiences), focusing on the analysis of unaffected siblings of individuals diagnosed with SZ.

Methods: The study included a total of 65 participants: 38 patients diagnosed with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and 27 healthy siblings.

Faecal calprotectin-based strategy for long-term monitoring of patients with Crohn's disease without or with mild endoscopic postoperative recurrence.

Background: Endoscopic evaluation 6-12 months after ileocolonic resection (ICR) in Crohn's disease (CD) is advised to assess the development of postoperative recurrence (POR) but no further recommendations are available for long-term monitoring if no POR is noticed.

Methods: Prospective, open-label, study including asymptomatic patients with CD and ICR in whom no POR was observed at the last endoscopic evaluation. Patients were followed-up for two years and ileocolonoscopy was performed by means of a faecal calprotectin (FC)-based strategy.

ASYMPTOMATIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE DIAGNOSED DURING COLORECTAL CANCER POPULATION SCREENING IN CATALONIA: CHARACTERISTICS AND NATURAL HISTORY.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is usually diagnosed when symptomatic. Prognosis and evolution of preclinical IBD is largely unknown. However, colorectal cancer screening programs (CRCSP) detect a subset of IBD patients with no symptoms.