Inter-Rater Disagreements in Applying the Montreal Classification for Crohn's Disease: The Five-Nations Survey Study.

Background: The Montreal classification has been widely used in Crohn's disease since 2005 to categorize patients by the age of onset (A), disease location (L), behavior (B), and upper gastrointestinal tract and perianal involvement. With evolving management paradigms in Crohn's disease, we aimed to assess the performance of gastroenterologists in applying the Montreal classification.

Methods: An online survey was conducted among participants at an international educational conference on inflammatory bowel diseases.

The Role of Preoperative Inflammatory Markers in Cervical Cerclage Success.

Objective: To compare the inflammatory markers between therapeutic and emergency cerclage and assess the predictive role of inflammatory markers for the latency period.

Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Turkiye, from January 2016 to September 2022.

Impacts of Ethical Dilemmas and Moral Distress in Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurses.

Purpose: To assess the level of moral distress (MD) and perceptions of ethical climate among pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) nurses and to identify bioethics topics where increased education was desired.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we administered the 26-item Swedish Moral Distress Scale-Revised (sMDS-R), specifically revised and validated for pediatric oncology, in conjunction with the Clinical Ethics Needs Assessment Survey (CENAS). Electronic surveys were sent to inpatient and outpatient PHO nurses.

Incidence of hospital-acquired infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in critically ill patients in Italy: a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria, including Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), are common causes of infections in intensive care units (ICUs) in Italy.

Objective: This prospective observational study evaluated the epidemiology, management, microbiological characterization, and outcomes of hospital-acquired CRE or CRPA infections treated in selected ICUs in Italy.

Methods: The study included patients with hospital-acquired infections due to CRE and CRPA treated in 20 ICUs from June 2021 to February 2023.

Individualized PEEP titration by lung compliance during one-lung ventilation: a meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the physiological advantages of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), its optimal utilization during one-lung ventilation (OLV) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether individualized PEEP titration by lung compliance is associated with a reduced risk of postoperative pulmonary complications during OLV.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until April 1, 2024, to identify published randomized controlled trials that compared individualized PEEP titration by lung compliance with fixed PEEP during OLV.

Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in reducing the necessity of cholecystectomy due to pre-existing and subsequently formed gallstones in patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) would reduce the necessity of cholecystectomy in patients diagnosed with asymptomatic gallstones after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and in patients diagnosed with asymptomatic gallstones before LSG.

Methods: Between July 2020 and November 2022, at least 2-year follow-ups of patients who underwent LSG for obesity were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with pre-existing asymptomatic gallstones during preoperative evaluation, those with UDCA treatment (group 1), and observation group (group 2).

Impact of papillary muscle infarction on atrial and ventricular myocardial deformation in non-anterior STEMI patients.

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of papillary muscle (PPM) infarction on left atrial and ventricular strain parameters in patients with non-anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NA-STEMI) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). This retrospective study performed CMR scans on 88 consecutive patients with NA-STEMI (68 males, 65 ± 10.05 years).

Lateralised periodic discharges and photic sensitivity in adult onset MELAS syndrome in twin sisters.

Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is one of the most common mitochondrial disorders, typically presenting with symptoms before the age of 40. Epileptic seizures are a common manifestation, with both focal and generalized seizures being observed. EEG findings can be variable, with the most common patterns being slow background activity followed by epileptiform discharges.

Prognostic value of manual versus automatic methods for assessing extents of resection and residual tumor volume in glioblastoma.

Objective: The extent of resection (EOR) and postoperative residual tumor (RT) volume are prognostic factors in glioblastoma. Calculations of EOR and RT rely on accurate tumor segmentations. Raidionics is an open-access software that enables automatic segmentation of preoperative and early postoperative glioblastoma using pretrained deep learning models.

Response to induction chemotherapy modifies the effect of conventional prognostic factors in high-risk neuroblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.

Background: Response to induction chemotherapy has been shown to predict outcome in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB), with those achieving a complete response (CR) having superior outcomes.

Methods: We evaluated whether conventional prognostic factors remain prognostic in subsets of patients defined by response to induction. 1244 Patients from four COG high-risk trials were included.

Boric acid impedes glioblastoma growth in a rat model: insights from multi-approach analysis.

Limited advancements in managing malignant brain tumors have resulted in poor prognoses for glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Standard treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which lack specificity and damage healthy brain tissue. Boron-containing compounds, such as boric acid (BA), exhibit diverse biological effects, including anticancer properties.

Effects of Intrauterine Isoproterenol Administration on Ovarian Follicular Development in Cows.

Background: Isoproterenol (ISO) is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist known for its vasodilatory effects. This experiment aims to investigate whether intrauterine ISO administration could alter vascular indices and follicular development in postpartum Holstein cows.

Objectives: The objectives are to evaluate the effects of intrauterine ISO administration on vascular changes and its impact on follicular development compared to placebo groups.

Head and Neck Paraganglioma in Pacak-Zhuang Syndrome.

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are typically slow-growing, hormonally inactive tumors of parasympathetic paraganglia. Inactivation of prolyl-hydroxylase domain-containing 2 protein causing indirect gain-of-function of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), encoded by EPAS1, was recently shown to cause carotid body hyperplasia. We previously described a syndrome with multiple sympathetic paragangliomas caused by direct gain-of-function variants in EPAS1 (Pacak-Zhuang syndrome, PZS) and developed a corresponding mouse model.

Impact of hydronephrosis on shockwave lithotripsy outcomes for upper ureteral stones.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the degree of hydronephrosis on extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) success in patients who underwent SWL due to upper ureteral stones.

Methods: Medical records of 878 patients who underwent SWL were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with isolated unilateral 6-10 mm radiopaque upper ureteral stones above the upper border of the sacroiliac joint were included in the study.

Revisiting Africa's Stroke Obstacles and Services (SOS).

Background: As one of the most common non-communicable diseases in Africa, Stroke ought to be dealt with properly with intensifying efforts to control its burden and to face obstacles in its management.

Methods And Results: In this follow-up study we reanalyzed stroke services and related obstacles in 17 African countries that were previously studied in 2021/22 in aspects related to manpower, acute stroke services, rehabilitation programs, number of stroke units/centers, telestroke services, awareness campaigns, and national and international stroke registries through a survey that was sent to stroke specialists and national stroke societies. Overall, there is an improvement in many fields yet many obstacles in the implementation of telestroke services, acute management, secondary prevention, post-discharge services, and follow-ups whether governmental, medical, or societal are prevalent.

Comparing laboratory toxicity of selective intra-arterial radionuclide therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors: resin versus glass microspheres.

Objective: To compare the acute (within 30 days of treatment) laboratory toxicities of Yttrium-90 (Y-90) resin and glass microspheres.

Methods: Selective intra-arterial radionuclide therapies (SIRTs) with Y-90 resin and glass microspheres were retrospectively reviewed. Liver-hematological data were collected at baseline and at 1 week and 1 month follow-up.

Determination of the Surgical Landmarks for the Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossa in Dry Skulls With the Photography System, Cadavers and 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography.

The present paper was designed to analyze the dimensions of such important bony structures and surgical landmarks, which are used by many clinicians in many surgical interventions, in dry skull, cadaver, and healthy subjects on computed tomography (CT) images, and to determine whether there is a significant difference between these methods, and to obtain reference values from 3 different methods. Eight cadavers and 16 dry skulls and 100 three-dimensional (3D) CT images were studied. Necessary permissions for the study were obtained from Ethics Comittee.

Analyzing Geospatial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Breast Cancer Screening Among Populations in the United States: Machine Learning Approach.

Background: Breast cancer screening plays a pivotal role in early detection and subsequent effective management of the disease, impacting patient outcomes and survival rates.

Objective: This study aims to assess breast cancer screening rates nationwide in the United States and investigate the impact of social determinants of health on these screening rates.

Methods: Data on mammography screening at the census tract level for 2018 and 2020 were collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Lung Cancer Screening, Version 1.2025.

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Lung Cancer Screening provide criteria for selecting individuals for screening and offer recommendations for evaluating and managing lung nodules detected during initial and subsequent annual screening. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening.

Factors associated with renal involvement in adult immunoglobulin a vasculitis: what is it?

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the potential of specific parameters in determining renal involvement in adult patients diagnosed with Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV).

Methods: The patients' records with IgAV meeting the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES classification criteria who were diagnosed between January 2017 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) version 3 was used to assess initial disease activity.