Real-World Impact of Olaparib Exposure in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Patients Harboring Germline BRCA1-2 Pathogenic Variants.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer arising in the context of BRCA predisposition may benefit from poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. We analyzed real-world data on the impact of olaparib on survival in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients harboring germline BRCA mutations in Italy, where olaparib is not reimbursed for this indication.

Methods: Clinico/pathological data of pancreatic cancer patients with documented BRCA1-2 germline pathogenic variants who had received first-line chemotherapy for metastatic disease were collected from 23 Italian oncology departments and the impact of olaparib exposure on overall survival (OS) was analyzed.

An Assessment of Intermittent and Continuous Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Children.

Background: The inability to ensure adequate nutrition for patients, and failure to provide adequate calorie and protein intake, result in malnutrition, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The present study assesses the two approaches to enteral nutrition-intermittent and continuous enteral feeding-in critically ill pediatric patients in Türkiye to determine the superiority of one method over the other.

Methods: Included in this multicenter prospective study were patients receiving enteral nutrition via a tube who were followed up over a 3-month period.

Diet Quality and Caloric Accuracy in AI-Generated Diet Plans: A Comparative Study Across Chatbots.

With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in nutrition and healthcare, AI-driven chatbots are increasingly recognised as potential tools for generating personalised diet plans. This study aimed to evaluate the capabilities of three popular chatbots-Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, and ChatGPT 4.0-in designing weight-loss diet plans across varying caloric levels and genders.

Screening for Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Insights and Implications.

: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic dyslipidemia that leads to early cardiovascular events. Subclinical atherosclerosis refers to the formation of atheromatous plaques in arterial beds before any clinical events. In our study, we investigated the presence, extent, and independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis among patients diagnosed with FH.

Combining Advanced Targeted Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Practice and Future Directions.

Despite the increasing number of available medications, a significant proportion of IBD patients fail to achieve the current therapeutic targets. Uncontrolled IBD has a significant impact on patients' quality of life and on overall costs for the healthcare system. Given the complex pathophysiology of IBD, Combined Advanced Targeted Therapy (CATT), involving the combination of biologics/small molecules, appears to have biological plausibility and is gaining increasing interest.

Evaluation of Advanced Artificial Intelligence Algorithms' Diagnostic Efficacy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet Models.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with early and accurate diagnosis being critical for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of two advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT-4o) and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, in identifying AIS from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Detection of Acromion Types in Shoulder Magnetic Resonance Image Examination with Developed Convolutional Neural Network and Textural-Based Content-Based Image Retrieval System.

The morphological type of the acromion may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of various pathologies, such as shoulder impingement syndrome and rotator cuff disorders. Therefore, it is important to determine the acromion's morphological types accurately and quickly. In this study, it was aimed to detect the acromion shape, which is one of the etiological causes of chronic shoulder disorders that may cause a decrease in work capacity and quality of life, on shoulder MR images by developing a new model for image retrieval in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems.

Comparison of Asymptomatic Brain Lesions Between Thalassemia Major and Sickle Cell Anemia Patients.

This study aimed to identify asymptomatic brain lesions in patients with β-thalassemia major (TM) and sickle cell anemia (SCA) and evaluate the correlation of these lesions with factors such as splenectomy, thrombocytosis, and blood transfusions. A total of 26 patients with thalassemia major and 23 patients with sickle cell anemia were included. Ischemic lesions were categorized as lacunar, small vessel, or multifocal.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Early- and Very Early-Onset Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

: Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC), particularly in patients under 40, presents with distinct biological characteristics and worse survival outcomes compared to late-onset cases. Despite intensive treatments, EOBC patients, especially those with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) subtypes, show poorer prognosis. CDK4/6 inhibitors, combined with endocrine therapy (ET) have become the standard for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, yet younger patients are underrepresented in clinical trials.

Evaluation of Bone Mineral Metabolism in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: Quantitative Computed Tomography vs. Dual-Energy Absorptiometry and Correlation with Bone Turnover Markers.

: Bone and mineral disease (BMD) is a prevalent complication of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of fractures can be assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two imaging modalities in identifying bone mineral status in individuals with pre-dialysis chronic renal disease and to assess their correlation with bone turnover markers.

The Effect of Systemic Inflammation and Clinicopathologic Features on Survival in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Multicenter Analysis.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Identifying reliable prognostic factors is crucial for risk stratification and optimizing treatment strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of clinicopathologic factors and systemic inflammatory markers on survival outcomes in patients with MPM.

Endocrine Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Analysis.

: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their use is associated with a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrine disorders. This study aims to investigate the incidence, timing, treatment modalities, and impact of ICI-related endocrine side effects in cancer patients. : This retrospective study analyzed 139 cancer patients treated with ICIs between 2016 and 2022.

Serum Lipids Alterations in Patients Under Systemic JAK Inhibitors Treatments in Dermatology: Clinical Aspects and Management.

: Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have significantly advanced the treatment of various dermatological conditions by modulating the JAK-STAT signalling pathway. While these inhibitors have proven effective, they also pose challenges due to associated increase in serum lipid levels and relative potential cardiovascular risks. This perspective work aims to discuss the implications of these lipid alterations proposing management strategies for patients with dermatological disorders under JAKi treatments.

Urinary Incontinence in Men with Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: To evaluate urinary incontinence (UI) and its effect on quality of life (QoL) in male stroke patients. : A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 103 adult male stroke survivors. The individuals' degree of disability was evaluated using the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) and Barthel Index (BI).

Comparison of Renal Tubular Damage with Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in Open and Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

: Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in men and women. With advancements in technology, minimally invasive treatment options have become increasingly prominent in colorectal cancer surgery. This study aimed to compare the increased intra-abdominal pressure in laparoscopic colon and rectal surgery with open procedures using kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) secreted from renal tubules.

The Effect of Laboratory Parameters on the Hospital Stay and Mortality in Pediatric Patients Who Underwent Lobectomy and Pneumonectomy.

This study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of various laboratory parameters in predicting the length of hospital stay and mortality among pediatric patients undergoing lobectomy and pneumonectomy for infectious or noninfectious diseases. This study was conducted by retrospective data analysis of 59 pediatric patients who underwent lobectomy and pneumonectomy due to variable diseases at the department of chest surgery. Pediatric patients diagnosed with variable diseases and who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy, patients who were hospitalized during the study period and underwent surgical intervention, and patients who had at least one laboratory parameter recorded before surgery were included in the study.

Ultrasound Features of -Related Gastritis.

Abdominal ultrasound (US) is a reliable method for visualizing gastric wall layers and measuring their thickness. The objective of this study is to characterize the ultrasound features of -induced gastritis and assess its predictive potential role for this condition. A cohort of 119 patients underwent gastroscopy with biopsy and abdominal US to evaluate antral wall thickness (AWT), submucosal wall thickness (SLT), mucosal wall thickness (MLT), gastric motility, and the presence of ingested material.

Cardiac Exposure Related to Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Patients Affected by Thymoma: A Dosimetric Comparison of Photon or Proton Intensity-Modulated Therapy.

Background: Radiotherapy for thymoma is delivered post-operatively in selected cases. Given the particular location of the thymic bed and the excellent prognosis, late cardiac toxicities may be an issue. The purpose of this retrospective dosimetric study is to investigate whether intensity-modulated proton beam therapy (IMPT) compared to photon therapy could better spare cardiac substructures, given prespecified dose constraints.

The Immune-Genomics of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Biological Footprint to Develop Novel Immunotherapies.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents approximately 3% of all gastrointestinal cancers and is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive malignancy originating from the epithelial cells of the biliary tree. CCA is classified by anatomical location into intrahepatic (iCCA), extrahepatic (eCCA), gallbladder cancer (GBC), and ampullary cancers. Although considered a rare tumor, CCA incidence has risen globally, particularly due to the increased diagnosis of iCCA.

The Rare Entity of Basaloid Thymic Carcinoma: A Multicentric Retrospective Analysis from the Italian Collaborative Group for ThYmic MalignanciEs (TYME).

Background: thymic basaloid carcinoma (BTC) is an extremely rare tumor, and very little data are available on BTC's biology, clinical behavior, drug sensitivity, and patient outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study on patients diagnosed with BTC in 11 referral centers of TYME. All BTC diagnoses were reviewed by the referring pathologist.

Enhancing Treatment Decisions for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations: A Reinforcement Learning Approach.

Background: Although higher-generation TKIs are associated with improved progression-free survival in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, the optimal selection of TKI treatment remains uncertain. To address this gap, we developed a web application powered by a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to assist in guiding initial TKI treatment decisions.

Methods: Clinical and mutational data from advanced NSCLC patients were retrospectively collected from 14 medical centers.

An Updated Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of First-Line Triplet vs. Doublet Therapies for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

: The addition of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with or without docetaxel (Doc), is currently recommended for metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Recently, the ARANOTE trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of Darolutamide + ADT in this setting. We aimed to update a network meta-analysis (NMA) of these combination therapies.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Adverse Events, Clinical Response Rates, and Surgical and Pathological Outcomes-Bozyaka Experience.

To evaluate the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACTx) process in breast cancer (BC), its significant treatment-related adverse events (trAEs), tumor clinical response rates, and surgical and pathological outcomes, and to analyze factors influencing cavity shaving and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) following sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). A comprehensive retrospective study was conducted at a single center on patients who received NACTx for BC between 2015 and 2021. Medical records of 242 patients were reviewed.

Clinical Insight into Congenital Hypothyroidism Among Children.

Molecular, genetic, and technological advances have led to increased knowledge regarding neonatal thyroid hormone metabolism disorders. Maternal and fetal hypothyroidism, which can cause psychomotor dysfunction syndromes or low IQ levels, can lead to brain damage, reduced fetal growth and incidental fetal death. The treatment of congenital hypothyroidism detected by screening programs performed during the neonatal period provides normalization of growth, IQ levels, and the physical, mental, and motor development of infants.

A Systematic Review of Micropulse Laser Trabeculoplasty (MLT) in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) Management: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Perspectives.

Background/objectives: Micropulse laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) is gaining attention as a non-invasive treatment option for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), offering an alternative to traditional surgeries and medications. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness, safety, and potential of MLT in glaucoma management.

Methods: This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.