Dengue virus IgG and neutralizing antibody titers measured with standard and mature viruses are protective.

The standard dengue virus (DENV) neutralization assay inconsistently predicts dengue protection. We compare how IgG ELISA, envelope domain III (EDIII), or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) binding antibodies, and titers from plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using standard and mature viruses are associated with dengue. The ELISA measures IgG antibodies that bind to inactivated DENV1-4.

Evaluating poor working conditions and health problems faced by carpet weavers in Kashmir: a qualitative analysis.

This study provides a comprehensive exploration of the working conditions and associated health challenges faced by carpet weavers in Kashmir. The detailed examination of various factors contributes significantly to understanding the intricacies of their daily lives and provides valuable insights into an often-overlooked aspect of occupational health. The data was collected through 22 individual interviews and 5 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs).

Molecular landscape of the overlap between Alzheimer's disease and somatic insulin-related diseases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its etiology. Previous evidence has implicated disturbed insulin signaling as a key mechanism that plays a role in both neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and comorbid somatic diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). In this study, we analysed available genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of AD and somatic insulin-related diseases and conditions (SID), i.

Medical aesthetic awareness among public in Malaysia and the factors that may influence it: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Medical aesthetic practice is growing rapidly in Malaysia due to rising market demand, yet public understanding of these practices remains limited. This study evaluated the awareness and attitudes towards medical aesthetics among Malaysians.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among individuals aged > 18 years old in Malaysia from December 2021 to May 2022.

p16-dependent increase of PD-L1 stability regulates immunosurveillance of senescent cells.

The accumulation of senescent cells promotes ageing and age-related diseases, but molecular mechanisms that senescent cells use to evade immune clearance and accumulate in tissues remain to be elucidated. Here we report that p16-positive senescent cells upregulate the immune checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to accumulate in ageing and chronic inflammation. We show that p16-mediated inhibition of cell cycle kinases CDK4/6 induces PD-L1 stability in senescent cells via downregulation of its ubiquitin-dependent degradation.

Revolutionizing Glucose Monitoring: Enzyme-Free 2D-MoS Nanostructures for Ultra-Sensitive Glucose Sensors with Real-Time Health-Monitoring Capabilities.

The growing requirement for real-time monitoring of health factors such as heart rate, temperature, and blood glucose levels has resulted in an increase in demand for electrochemical sensors. This study focuses on enzyme-free glucose sensors based on 2D-MoS nanostructures explored by simple hydrothermal route. The 2D-MoS nanostructures were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS techniques and were immobilized at GCE to obtain MoS-GCE interface.

First Generic Teriparatide: Structural and Biological Sameness to Its Reference Medicinal Product.

Teriparatide is an anabolic peptide drug indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recombinant teriparatide was first approved in 2002 and has since been followed by patent-free alternatives under biosimilar or hybrid regulatory application. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the essential similarity between synthetic teriparatide BGW and the reference medicinal product (RMP), and thus to ensure the development of the first generic teriparatide drug.

EUS-Guided Gallbladder Drainage Using a Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent for Acute Cholecystitis: Results of a Nationwide Study with Long-Term Follow-Up.

Background: Although endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) using lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) has become one of the treatments of choice for acute cholecystitis (AC) in fragile patients, scant data are available on real-life settings and long-term outcomes.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study including EUS-guided GBD using LAMS for AC in 19 Italian centers from June 2014 to July 2020. The primary outcomes were technical and clinical success, and the secondary outcomes were the rate of adverse events (AE) and long-term follow-up.

Modular chimeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers enhance the antitumour activity of CAR T cells via JAK/STAT signalling.

The limited availability of cytokines in solid tumours hinders maintenance of the antitumour activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Cytokine receptor signalling pathways in CAR T cells can be activated by transgenic expression or injection of cytokines in the tumour, or by engineering the activation of cognate cytokine receptors. However, these strategies are constrained by toxicity arising from the activation of bystander cells, by the suboptimal biodistribution of the cytokines and by downregulation of the cognate receptor.

Design and Biological Evaluation of Piperazine-Bearing Nitrobenzamide Hypoxia/GDEPT Prodrugs: The Discovery of CP-506.

Off-target aerobic activation of PR-104A by human aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) has confounded the development of this dual hypoxia/gene therapy prodrug. Previous attempts to design prodrugs resistant to AKR1C3 activation have resulted in candidates that require further optimization. Herein we report the evaluation of a lipophilic series of PR-104A analogues in which a piperazine moiety has been introduced to improve drug-like properties.

A New Era of National Guideline Development in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia's ambitious Vision 2030 project was launched in 2016 as a strategy for economic development and national growth, with 11 Vision Realization Programs put in charge of its implementation. The backbone of its Transformation Program for the Health Sector has been the definition of a new Model of Care aiming to deliver 42 coordinated interventions across 6 Systems of Care, with the development of clinical guidelines identified as a key cross-cutting intervention to foster the use of national, evidence-based practices across KSA, reduce care variation, and promote accountable care. This article provides an overview of the history, progress to date, and future outlook of the recently initiated National Guidelines Center in Saudi Arabia, established in collaboration between the Health Holding Company and the Saudi Health Council represented by its National Center for Evidence-based Medicine.

Repurposing an In Vitro Measles Virus Dissemination Assay for Screening of Antiviral Compounds.

Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus responsible for outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children and young adults. Although safe and effective measles vaccines are available, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in vaccination coverage gaps that may lead to the resurgence of measles when restrictions are lifted. This puts individuals who cannot be vaccinated, such as young infants and immunocompromised individuals, at risk.

Population-Based Prevalence of Infarctions on 3D Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Imaging.

Objectives: To report population-based, age-specific prevalence of infarctions as identified via 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging.

Materials And Methods: Participants without dementia in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA), a population-based study in Olmsted County, MN, age 50-89 who underwent 3D FLAIR imaging between 2017 and 2020 were included. Infarctions per participant were determined via visual interpretation.

Single-cell RNA-seq-based proteogenomics identifies glioblastoma-specific transposable elements encoding HLA-I-presented peptides.

We analyze transposable elements (TEs) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients using a proteogenomic pipeline that combines single-cell transcriptomics, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples from tumors and healthy-tissue cohorts, and immunopeptidomic samples. We thus identify 370 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I-bound peptides encoded by TEs differentially expressed in GBM. Some of the peptides are encoded by repeat sequences from intact open reading frames (ORFs) present in up to several hundred TEs from recent long interspersed nuclear element (LINE)-1, long terminal repeat (LTR), and SVA subfamilies.

Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults.

Targeting mitophagy to activate the recycling of faulty mitochondria during aging is a strategy to mitigate muscle decline. We present results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in middle-aged adults where we administer a postbiotic compound Urolithin A (Mitopure), a known mitophagy activator, at two doses for 4 months (NCT03464500). The data show significant improvements in muscle strength (∼12%) with intake of Urolithin A.

Inferring gene expression from cell-free DNA fragmentation profiles.

Profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream shows promise for noninvasive cancer detection. Chromatin fragmentation features have previously been explored to infer gene expression profiles from cell-free DNA (cfDNA), but current fragmentomic methods require high concentrations of tumor-derived DNA and provide limited resolution. Here we describe promoter fragmentation entropy as an epigenomic cfDNA feature that predicts RNA expression levels at individual genes.

Spatial Transcriptomics to define transcriptional patterns of zonation and structural components in the mouse liver.

Reconstruction of heterogeneity through single cell transcriptional profiling has greatly advanced our understanding of the spatial liver transcriptome in recent years. However, global transcriptional differences across lobular units remain elusive in physical space. Here, we apply Spatial Transcriptomics to perform transcriptomic analysis across sectioned liver tissue.

Ablation of Proliferating Osteoblast Lineage Cells After Fracture Leads to Atrophic Nonunion in a Mouse Model.

Nonunion is defined as the permanent failure of a fractured bone to heal, often necessitating surgical intervention. Atrophic nonunions are a subtype that are particularly difficult to treat. Animal models of atrophic nonunion are available; however, these require surgical or radiation-induced trauma to disrupt periosteal healing.