Spectrum and Immediate Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Snapshot Study from Indian Subcontinent.

Background And Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) became an important cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill children, despite advancement in its management. In developing countries etiology of AKI are different from that of developed countries.

Materials And Methods: This observational study was carried out in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in 2 months to18 years of critically ill children.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFA and CCR5 genes with Japanese Encephalitis: A study from an endemic region of North India.

TNFA, IL1B, HMGB1, IL10, CXCL8, CCL2 and CCR5 gene polymorphisms were investigated in 183 Japanese Encephalitis (JE) cases and 361 healthy controls from North India. Higher frequency of TNFA rs1800629 G/A, CCR5 rs1799987 genotypes with A allele and lower frequency of combination lacking TNFA rs1800629 A, CCR5 rs333 Δ32, andCCR5 rs1799987 A alleles and CCL2 rs1024611 G/G genotype was observed in JE cases. TNFA rs1800629 A and CCR5 rs1799987 A alleles were associated with susceptibility while combination lacking TNFA rs1800629 A, CCR5 rs333 Δ32, and rs1799987 A alleles and CCL2 rs1024611 G/G genotype was associated with protection to JE.

Neonatal microbiome - a brief review.

The long-held concept of fetus being nurtured in a sterile environment has been challenged by many recent studies that have identified bacterial communities in meconium, amniotic fluid and the placenta concluding that the microbial colonization of fetal gut begins and continues during the first 2 years of life. This microbial colonization of newborn's gut during prenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal period depends on multiple factors, e.g.

Minimally invasive transgingival implant therapy: A literature review.

Transgingival (flapless) implant placement procedure is a minimally invasive surgical technique in which implant is placed without reflecting mucoperiosteal flap and hence the blood supply of bone is not hampered which is advantageous in many ways. To compare the outcomes of various implant placement techniques, an electronic database of various journals from January 1990 to March 2017 were analyzed and only human clinical trials with 6 months follow-up and at least five implants in each group were reviewed. The present literature review focuses on the comparative aspects of flapped versus flapless implants in terms of their survival, marginal bone loss, soft-tissue parameters, and patient-centered outcomes.

NMR-Based Serum Metabolomics Revealed Distinctive Metabolic Patterns in Reactive Arthritis Compared with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a member of seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SSA), which involves an acute/subacute onset of asymmetrical lower limb joint inflammation weeks after a genitourinary/gastrointestinal infection. The diagnosis is clinical because it is difficult to culture the microbes from synovial fluid. Arthritis patients with a similar clinical picture but lapsed history of an immediate preceding infection that do not fulfill the diagnostic criteria of other members of SSA, such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease, are labeled as peripheral undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (uSpA).

Epidemiological profile of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Gorakhpur Division, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a major threat to control of TB worldwide. Adequate information on socioepidemiological factors and their interaction is required for its control. The aim was to study the social and epidemiological profile of MDR-TB patient in Gorakhpur division.

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 2016: Clinical and Laboratory Findings.

Background: Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high fatality have been occurring in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, for several years. We conducted investigations during the 2016 outbreak to identify the etiology.

Methods: We included 407 hospitalized AES patients with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (>5 cells/mm) in our study.

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: Changing Etiological Understanding.

Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high case fatality have been occurring in Gorakhpur division in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, for more than three decades. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounted for <10% of AES cases, while the etiology of the remaining cases remained largely unknown. Investigations conducted during the 2014 and 2015 outbreaks indicated Orientia tsutsugamushi (Haruo Hayashi 1920) (Norio Ogata 1929) Tamura et al.

Electrophysiological Study of Nerves in Type-II Reaction in Leprosy.

Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system, skin and reticuloendothelial system. Cutaneous nerves are severely affected in lepra reaction and this leads to morbidity.

Objective: To study electrophysiological pattern of different nerves involved in Type-II reactions in leprosy.

A factor analytical study report on mania from Nepal.

Background And Objectives: Phenomenological studies on mood disorder are rare in Nepal which prompted us to undertake the current factor analytical study of mania.

Materials And Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study for which we did purposive sampling technique according to certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study sample consists of fifty patients, who fulfilled the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) diagnostic criteria for Manic Episode and/or Bipolar Affective Disorder-current episode mania.

Scrub Typhus as an Etiology of Acute Febrile Illness in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2016.

Seasonal outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high mortality occur every year in Gorakhpur region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Earlier studies indicated the role of scrub typhus as the important etiology of AES in the region. AES cases were hospitalized late in the course of their illness.

Coverage & missed opportunity for Japanese encephalitis vaccine, Gorakhpur division, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2015: Implications for Japanese encephalitis control.

Background & Objectives: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important aetiology of acute encephalitis syndrome in Gorakhpur division, Uttar Pradesh, India. Two doses of JE vaccine ( first during 9-12 months and second during 16-24 months of age) are administered under the Universal Immunization Programme. We conducted surveys to estimate the coverage of JE vaccine and magnitude of missed opportunity for vaccination (MoV) for JE in Gorakhpur division.

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance impairment in schizophrenia: An Indian study report.

Aim: The present study attempted to find out the relationship between positive and negative clinical symptoms and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance in a group of schizophrenia patients.

Methodology: Fifty schizophrenia patients were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) by a trained psychiatrist (TKA) and two groups, each of 25 positive symptom and 25 negative symptom schizophrenia patients were formed. On these fifty patients with schizophrenia and 15 normal control groups, WCST measures were applied by a clinical psychologist (SS) who remained blind to the PANSS score.

Polyethylenimine-mediated synthetic insertion of gold nanoparticles into mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug loading and biocatalysis.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) have been used as an efficient and safe carrier for drug delivery and biocatalysis. The surface modification of MSNPs using suitable reagents may provide a robust framework in which two or more components can be incorporated to give multifunctional capabilities (e.g.

WHO/UNICEF recommended therapeutic food versus home based therapeutic food in the management of severe acute malnutrition: A randomized controlled trial.

Malnutrition is a major public health problem especially in the developing countries. The objective of the study was to compare WHO/UNICEF recommended therapeutic food with home based therapeutic food in the management of severe acute malnutrition. It was a randomized controlled trial at tertiary care level hospital with nutritional rehabilitation centre.

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Adults and Its Correlation with Cytokine Levels in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a major health problem in developing countries including India. Neuronal injury in encephalitis is attributed to direct toxicity from pathogens and proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we assessed cytokine levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and their correlation with clinical symptoms.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis; a genetic condition: Clinical profile of three patients from a rural Indian family and review of literature.

Introduction: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare lipid storage disease characterized by infantile onset diarrhea, cataract, tendon xanthomas, and progressive neurologic dysfunction. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is exceptionally rare in Indian population with only few case reports till now.

Case Report: An 18-year-old male presented to orthopedic outpatients clinic with complaints of insidious onset swelling of both achilles over last 3 years, with history of learning and visual difficulties.

Controlled synthesis of polyethylenimine coated gold nanoparticles: Application in glutathione sensing and nucleotide delivery.

Synthesis of functional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) justifying selectivity in biochemical interaction along with biocompatibility suited for in vivo biomedical applications has been a challenging issue. We report herein the role of polyethylenimine (PEI) in controlled synthesis of AuNPs under ambient conditions which has potentiality for sensing glutathione and selective interaction with DNA binding proteins facilitating endosomal escape for the nucleotide delivery. The choice of organic reducing agents like formaldehyde/acetaldehyde/acetyl acetone/tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide and other similar compounds allow rapid conversion of PEI capped gold cations into AuNPs at room temperature thus controlling the functional ability of nanoparticles as a function of organic reducing agents.

Extensive ossifying fibroma of jaw.

Ossifying fibroma of bone is a central neoplasm of bone and it is more common in young adult with marked predilection for mandible and also it is more common in female. Lesion is generally asymptomatic until growth produces a noticeable swelling and mild deformity. It presents an extremely variable roentographic appearance depending upon the stage of development.

Mixed Cutaneous Infection Caused by Mycobacterium szulgai and Mycobacterium intermedium in a Healthy Adult Female: A Rare Case Report.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are ubiquitous and are being increasingly reported as human opportunistic infection. Cutaneous infection caused by mixed NTM is extremely rare. We encountered the case of a 46-year-old female, who presented with multiple discharging sinuses over the lower anterior abdominal wall (over a previous appendectomy scar) for the past 2 years.

Influence of malnutrition on adverse outcome in children with confirmed or probable viral encephalitis: a prospective observational study.

A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from August 2008 to August 2009 to explore the independent predictors of adverse outcome in the patients with confirmed/probable viral encephalitis. The primary outcome variable was the incidence of adverse outcomes defined as death or severe neurological deficit such as loss of speech, motor deficits, behavioural problems, blindness, and cognitive impairment. Patients with confirmed or probable viral encephalitis were classified into two groups based on their Z-score of weight-for-age as per WHO growth charts.

Effect of peer counselling by mother support groups on infant and young child feeding practices: the Lalitpur experience.

Objective: Our primary objective was to evaluate the effect of peer counselling by mother support groups (MSG's) in improving the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in the community.

Methods: We conducted this repeated-measure before and after study in the Lalitpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India between 2006 and 2011. We assessed the IYCF practices before and after creating MSG's within the community.