Castleman's Disease Presenting as an Unusual Pelvic Retroperitoneal Mass.

Castleman's disease (CD) is characterised by benign lymphoepithelial proliferation and is a peculiar form of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia rather than a neoplasm or a hamartoma. CD is broadly classified as unicentric CD (UCD) and multicentric CD. In the unicentric variant, patients have localised disease affecting only a single lymph node or a group of adjacent nodes in a single region, which clinically presents as an enlarging mass without any other significant symptoms.

Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Liver X Receptor Alpha (LXR-α) Gene in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Introduction Genetic factors significantly contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is one of the world's most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism are all significantly influenced by the liver X receptor alpha (LXR-α) gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the liver X receptor alpha gene may result in the altered function of the gene, making the individual susceptible to DKD.

Assessment of the Prevalence and Types of Mental Compulsions in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in North Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a significant mental condition characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Mental compulsions are defined as compulsions with no overt behavioral or motoric symptoms, such as repeating certain words or phrases in the mind. The exact prevalence of mental compulsions could be underestimated due to measurement issues using the Y-BOCS (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) and its clinical characteristics.

A Report of a Rare Case of Vagococcus fluvialis Isolated From Urine: Clinical Significance of Vagococcus Species With an Update of the Available Literature.

species (spp.) are gram-positive cocci that are rarely reported in humans. These bacteria share physiological, cultural, and biochemical properties with spp.

The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Hemoglobin Glycation in Diabetics and Non-diabetics.

Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent form of nutritional anemia worldwide, affecting a substantial portion of the population. It has significant negative effects on health and the economy, especially in poorer nations, and is more prevalent than anemia alone. Although hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is frequently used to track long-term glycemic management, several variables, including iron deficiency, might affect its values.

Awareness and Knowledge of Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance Among Medical and Nursing Students and Staff in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background Pharmacovigilance is defined as the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or other drug-related problems. Underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a global issue, and adequate knowledge among healthcare professionals is essential. Engaging young doctors and nursing professionals in pharmacovigilance is crucial for promoting ADR reporting.

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Gene Polymorphism in Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a result of the interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors. A unique cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), expressed by inflammatory cells, acts via a cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74) and a cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) receptors, leading to the recruitment of mononuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes. This cascade results in exaggerated inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Role of Serum Magnesium on Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Children.

Background Childhood obesity has become a global epidemic, with projections indicating it could affect 25% of children under 16 by 2050. This rise poses significant health risks, including early onset of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Recent research has shown a correlation between insulin action and magnesium levels, highlighting the link between low serum magnesium levels and obesity.

Enteral Nutrition in Neonates on Inotropic Support Admitted to a Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background Early initiation of enteral feeding in neonates on inotropic support may improve clinical outcomes compared to intravenous fluids, but the safety and optimal inotrope levels for enteral nutrition remain unclear. This study aims to assess the early initiation of enteral feeding versus intravenous fluids in newborns on inotrope support and to compare the clinical outcome in terms of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality in neonates with enteral feed versus intravenous (IV) fluid group on inotropes. It also focuses on evaluating the safety of enteral nutrition in neonates with inotropic support and determining the cutoff levels of the inotropes at which enteral feed is well tolerated.

Dr. Dharmendra's Enduring Influence on Leprosy: From Laboratory to Disease Control.

A stalwart of Indian dermatology, Dr. Dharmendra was particularly known for his breakthrough research on leprosy. Spanning over several decades, his work was marked by significant contributions, including the development of Dharmendra's lepromin, which served as a critical diagnostic tool and in advancing the understanding of immunological aspects of leprosy.

Optimizing the Diagnosis of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: A Comparative Evaluation of Erythrocyte and Reticulocyte Parameters.

Background Anemia is a widespread, worldwide hematological disorder, with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia trait (TT) being two frequently encountered forms. For effective management, it is vital to distinguish between these two conditions. Existing diagnostic methods have some limitations due to their inaccessibility and high cost.

Optimised Protocol for Managing Failed Catheterisation: Leveraging Bedside Retrograde Urethrography and Cystourethroscopy.

Introduction Urethral catheterization is a routine procedure often required for many hospitalized patients. Various conditions, such as meatal stenosis, stricture urethra, false passage, benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder neck contractures, and impacted urethral stones, can contribute to difficulty in catheterisation. In the setting of failed attempts at per urethral catheter placement, the subsequent intervention is suprapubic catheter (SPC) insertion.

Intra-operative Measurement of Eustachian Tube Orifice, and Its Correlation With Post-operative Surgical Outcome in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Patients.

Background Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the inflammation of the middle ear mucosa for more than two weeks, resulting in ear discharge. It is associated with hearing loss and the presence of a perforation in the tympanic membrane. Tympanoplasty is performed to place a graft and clear the disease in the middle ear.

Role of Hindmilk in Weight Gain of Preterm Low-Birth-Weight Neonates: A Prospective Comparative Study.

Background The significance of low birth weight cannot be overstated when considering the mortality rates during the perinatal and neonatal stages. Babies who were born premature, especially those with extremely low birth weights, have significant health challenges and require adequate feeding to grow and develop well. Specifically, hindmilk is rich in essential nutrients for neonate growth and development.

Development and Validation of an Interprofessional Community-Based Teaching-Learning Module for a Family Adoption Programme for Indian Medical Undergraduates.

Introduction: Medical education aims to prepare graduates to address society's health requirements effectively. The majority of assessments are summative and provide a minimal chance for feedback. The evaluation techniques and teaching-learning activities place a greater emphasis on knowledge than on attitude and abilities.

Determinants of High HIV Infection Prevalence in Vijayapura, Bagalkot, and Belagavi Districts in Karnataka, India.

Introduction India has the second-highest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Despite the national decline in the prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from 2000 to 2021, regional variations persist, particularly in the northeastern and southern states. High-risk populations, including female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and injecting drug users (IDU), significantly contribute to these dynamics.

Comparison of Different Doses of Pregabalin to Prevent Succinylcholine-Initiated Fasciculations and Myalgia in Patients Under General Anesthesia: A Randomised Controlled Study.

Background Succinylcholine (SCh) is the most commonly used muscle relaxant during endotracheal intubation, and it is known to cause fasciculations and postoperative myalgia. Pregabalin is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is known to reduce SCh-induced fasciculations and myalgia. Materials and methods This study was conducted on patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) as a Prognostic Marker and Its Correlation With Clinicopathological Parameters in Breast Cancer.

Introduction Breast cancer is considered the most common cancer among women. According to the literature, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in breast carcinoma is associated with aggressive tumor biology and acts as an independent prognostic marker. As COX-2 is a newly identified marker, studies are required to understand its immunoexpression and correlation with hormone receptor status and other prognostic factors, which helps in the therapeutic management of patients.