Building partnerships: A case study of physical activity researchers and practitioners collaborating to build evidence to inform the delivery of a workplace step count challenge.

Background: Walking is an integral part of Scotland's National Physical Activity Strategy, and the charity Paths for All's Workplace Step Count Challenge is a flagship programme within this strategy to promote physical activity. Effectively promoting physical activity requires collaborative engagement between stakeholders. However, there is limited guidance on how to do this.

Recent developments in adjunct therapies for type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: There have been many recent advances in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) including in insulin formulations, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology and automated insulin delivery. However, long-term optimal glycemic control is still only achieved in a minority.

Areas Covered: Adjunct therapy - the use of therapeutic agents other than insulin - is one strategy aimed at improving outcomes.

Trajectory and correlates of pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound in patients with acute myocardial infarction: insights from PARADISE-MI.

Aim: PARADISE-MI examined the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pulmonary congestion, or both. We sought to assess the trajectory of pulmonary congestion using lung ultrasound (LUS) and its association with cardiac structure and function in a pre-specified substudy.

Methods And Results: Patients without prior heart failure (HF) underwent eight-zone LUS and echocardiography at baseline (±2 days of randomization) and after 8 months.

Weight loss, visit-to-visit body weight variability and cognitive function in older individuals.

Objective: to investigate the association between variability and loss of body weight with subsequent cognitive performance and activities of daily living in older individuals.

Design: cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk, multicentre trial with participants from Scotland, Ireland and the Netherlands.

Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.

Background: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.

Results: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches.

Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction by baseline glycaemic status (DELIVER): a subgroup analysis from an international, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes are risk factors for heart failure and adverse heart failure outcomes. The Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure (DELIVER) trial showed that dapagliflozin was associated with a reduction in the primary outcome of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral dapagliflozin in these patients by their baseline glycaemia categories.

Weight change and clinical outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from EMPEROR-Reduced.

Aims: Baseline body mass index (BMI) and weight loss promoted by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors may impact outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We assessed in the EMPEROR-Reduced population treated with empagliflozin versus placebo the relationship between baseline BMI, weight loss and effects on the primary (time to first hospitalization for heart failure [HHF] or cardiovascular death) and key secondary outcomes.

Methods And Results: We categorized patients according to their baseline BMI: <20 kg/m (n = 180); 20 to <25 kg/m (n = 1038); 25 to <30 kg/m (n = 1345); 30 to <35 kg/m (n = 774) and ≥35 kg/m (n = 393).

The presence and impact of multimorbidity clusters on adverse outcomes across the spectrum of kidney function.

Background: Multimorbidity (the presence of two or more chronic conditions) is common amongst people with chronic kidney disease, but it is unclear which conditions cluster together and if this changes as kidney function declines. We explored which clusters of conditions are associated with different estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) and studied associations between these clusters and adverse outcomes.

Methods: Two population-based cohort studies were used: the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements project (SCREAM, Sweden, 2006-2018) and the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank (SAIL, Wales, 2006-2021).

Calibrating a network meta-analysis of diabetes trials of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors to a representative routine population: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Participants in randomised controlled trials (trials) are generally younger and healthier than many individuals encountered in clinical practice. Consequently, the applicability of trial findings is often uncertain. To address this, results from trials can be calibrated to more representative data sources.

Association between bodyweight perception, nutritional status, and weight control practices: A cross-sectional analysis from the Chilean Health Survey 2016-2017.

This research aimed (1) to examine the agreement between body mass index (BMI)-based nutritional status and perceived nutritional status overall and by socio-demographic factors and (2) to state the association between the accuracy of weight perception and weight control practices in the Chilean adult population. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 5,192 Chilean adult participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017. Agreement between BMI-based weight status and body weight perception for the total sample and across subgroups was determined using the weighted kappa coefficient.

Machine learning for classification of hypertension subtypes using multi-omics: A multi-centre, retrospective, data-driven study.

Background: Arterial hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Identification of secondary hypertension in its various forms is key to preventing and targeting treatment of cardiovascular complications. Simplified diagnostic tests are urgently required to distinguish primary and secondary hypertension to address the current underdiagnosis of the latter.

Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Latin American University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Center Study.

Deterioration in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and healthy eating behavior due to the effect of COVID-19 lockdown has been reported. The aim of this study was to associate eating habits and HRQoL with physical activity behavior in Latin American university students during COVID-19 pandemic. Measured 4,859 university students with a mean age of 22.

Health-related quality of life in acute heart failure: association between patient-reported symptoms and markers of congestion.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the association between patient-reported symptoms and the extent of pulmonary congestion in acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods And Results: In this prospective, observational study, patient-reported symptoms were assessed at baseline using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (KCCQ-TSS) (range 0-100; 0 worst) in patients hospitalized for AHF. In a subset, patient-reported dyspnoea at rest and on exertion was examined (range 0-10; 10 worst) at baseline.

High prevalence and significant ethnic differences in actionable HbA after gestational diabetes mellitus in women living in Norway.

Background: The type 2 diabetes risk after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is twice as high in South Asian compared to European women. Current guidelines differ regarding which test to use as a screening-tool post-GDM. We aimed to identify ethnic differences in the prevalence rates and early predictors for actionable HbA (defined as prediabetes and diabetes) short time after GDM.