Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Feminizing Surgery in Danish Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is characterized by a broad spectrum of symptoms. This study aimed to describe genotype-phenotype correlations, clinical manifestations at diagnosis, and the frequency of feminizing surgery in childhood.

Methods: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with CAH, at the age of ≤18 years, between 1943 and 2018.

Effects of maternal posture and cognitive-behavioral interventions on labor outcomes in primigravidas with abnormal fetal head position: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: Fetal head malposition can result in neonatal and maternal complications. Fetal head malposition occurs frequently in labor. Appropriate and timely managements are required.

Should the C7-T1 Junction Be Feared? The Effect of a T1 Upper Instrumented Vertebra on Development of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis.

Purpose: Proximal junctional kyphosis is an infrequent complication in AIS; however, equipoise remains on the effects of ending a fusion proximally at the C7-T1 junction on the future development of PJK. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of PJK in patients with AIS who had a UIV of T1 vs those with a UIV of T2 at 5 years of follow-up.

Methods: A query was performed of a prospective, multi-center AIS database of patients who received a PSF with at least 5 years of follow-up.

Daily GDF15 treatment has sex-specific effects on body weight and food intake and does not enhance the effects of voluntary physical activity in mice.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-induced cytokine that suppresses food intake and causes weight loss. GDF15 also reduces voluntary physical activity and, thus, it is not clear whether combining GDF15 with exercise will be beneficial or if reductions in food intake would be offset by decreases in physical activity. We investigated how GDF15 treatment combined with voluntary wheel running (VWR) would impact weight gain, food intake, adiposity and indices of metabolic health in mice.

Compensatory thoracic curve correction in lumbar anterior vertebral body tether (VBT) versus lumbar posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Purpose: Anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a non-fusion surgical option for skeletally immature patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Prior studies demonstrated compensatory correction of the thoracic curve after lumbar posterior spinal fusion (PSF); however, no studies have examined thoracic curve correction after lumbar VBT.

Methods: Patients with Lenke 5 + 6 lumbar scoliosis who underwent VBT and at least 2 years' follow-up were compared to matched lumbar PSF patients.

Impact of postpartum hospital length of stay on infant gut microbiota: a comprehensive analysis of vaginal and caesarean birth.

Background: The primary concern with prolonged hospitalization following birth is the risk of acquiring hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) caused by opportunistic bacteria, which can alter the early establishment of gut microbiota.

Objective: To assess the association between postpartum hospital length of stay (LOS) and the composition of gut microbiota at 3 and 12 months of age according to birth mode.

Methods: In total, 1313 Canadian infants from the CHILD Cohort Study were involved in this study.

Reduce, reinforce, and replenish: safeguarding the early-life microbiota to reduce intergenerational health disparities.

Socioeconomic (SE) disparity and health inequity are closely intertwined and associated with cross-generational increases in the rates of multiple chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in North America and beyond. Coinciding with this social trend is an observed loss of biodiversity within the community of colonizing microbes that live in and on our bodies. Researchers have rightfully pointed to the microbiota as a key modifiable factor with the potential to ease existing health inequities.

Burden of infant group B disease and impact of maternal screening and antibiotic prophylaxis in Ontario, Canada: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Group B (GBS) significantly contributes to neonatal sepsis and meningitis, with varying disease rates reported globally and limited population-based data. We estimated infant GBS disease burden in Ontario, Canada and assessed the association of maternal GBS screening (35-37 weeks' gestation) and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) provision with infant disease rates.

Methods: Our population-based cohort study included pregnant individuals and their offspring from April 2012 to March 2018, utilising the provincial birth registry linked to health administrative data.

Frequency and clinical characteristics of children and young people with type 2 diabetes at diagnosis from five world regions between 2012 and 2021: data from the SWEET Registry.

Aims/hypothesis: The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is increasing in young people worldwide. This study evaluated the frequency and clinical characteristics of young people presenting with type 2 diabetes from the multinational SWEET e.V Registry 2012-2021, including the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Surgical Predictors of Clinical Outcome 6 Years After Revision ACL Reconstruction.

Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been documented to have inferior outcomes compared with primary ACL reconstruction. The reasons why remain unknown.

Purpose: To determine whether surgical factors performed at the time of revision ACL reconstruction can influence a patient's outcome at 6-year follow-up.

Chronic pain among primary fentanyl users: The concept of self-medication.

Background: Chronic pain is among the leading causes of disability worldwide, of which only a small percentage of patients receive adequate treatment for. Non-prescribed opioid analgesics are commonly sought out in effort to alleviate unrelieved pain. This study assesses the prevalence and correlates of chronic pain among primary fentanyl users.

Genomic variations associated with risk and protection against vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in pediatric cancer patients.

Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common and highly debilitating toxicity from vincristine treatment that affects quality of life and often requires dose reduction, potentially affecting survival. Although previous studies demonstrated genetic factors are associated with vincristine neuropathy risk, the clinical relevance of most identified variants is limited by small sample sizes and unclear clinical phenotypes. A genome-wide association study was conducted in 1100 cases and controls matched by vincristine dose and genetic ancestry, uncovering a statistically significant (p < 5.

Assessment of Facility Readiness for Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Utilizing a 2-Phase Survey Conducted in Six Hospitals in Uganda and Cameroon: A Quality Improvement Study.

Objectives: Each year, 5.3 million children under 5 years of age die in low-resource settings, often due to delayed recognition of disease severity, inadequate treatment, or a lack of supplies. We describe the use of a comprehensive digital facility-readiness survey tool, recently developed by the Pediatric Sepsis Data CoLaboratory, which aims to identify target areas for quality improvement related to pediatric emergency and critical care.

American Society for Microbiology evidence-based laboratory medicine practice guidelines to reduce blood culture contamination rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

SUMMARYBlood cultures (BCs) are one of the critical tests used to detect bloodstream infections. BC results are not 100% specific. Interpretation of BC results is often complicated by detecting microbial contamination rather than true infection.

A Novel Approach to the Treatment of Comminuted Mandibular Condyle Fractures.

A suture enlocation (SE) approach is proposed to manage comminuted intra-articular mandibular condyle fractures not amenable to open reduction internal fixation approaches. The SE approach is an effective operative option for the treatment of condylar fractures with the combination of fracture dislocation, malocclusion, comminution, and inadequate surface area for open fixation techniques. This study describes the SE approach, outcomes, and complications.

Open roads and bridge: Preservation of fresh beef by a packaging film constructed from photosensitizing bacterial cellulose.

Food packaging is now widely used in everyday life to protect food from certain environmental factors. In this work, we have successfully prepared a bacterial cellulose/chitosan-TPE-COOH composite film (BC/CS-TPE), which can achieve broad-spectrum killing of bacteria through a variety of antibacterial mechanisms and ensure the freshness of the beef. In this complex film, CS acts as "advance team", responsible for breaking through the cell wall or outer membrane of bacteria, while the reactive oxygen species produced by photosensitizer under irradiation attacks bacteria, further increasing the destructive effect on the bacterial cell membrane.

Becoming hand hygiene heroes: Implementation of an infection prevention and control campaign for patient and family hospital safety.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted that hand hygiene (HH) is key in preventing health care-associated infections. Patients and families are understudied targets for infection prevention and control practices. Previous campaigns to change HH behavior have been effective, but often face systemic challenges with implementation.

The Clinician-reported Genetic Testing Utility Index (C-GUIDE) for Prenatal Care: Initial evidence of content and construct validity.

Purpose: To develop and assess the face and construct validity of the Clinician-reported Genetic Testing Utility Index (C-GUIDE) for genetic testing in prenatal care.

Methods: After a literature review and consultation with clinical experts, a preliminary draft of C-GUIDE Prenatal was developed. Its face and content validity were then assessed by 19 prenatal genetics' providers using interviews and surveys.