Pregnancy-Related Factors and Breast Cancer Risk for Women Across a Range of Familial Risk.

Importance: Few studies have investigated whether the associations between pregnancy-related factors and breast cancer (BC) risk differ by underlying BC susceptibility. Evidence regarding variation in BC risk is critical to understanding BC causes and for developing effective risk-based screening guidelines.

Objective: To examine the association between pregnancy-related factors and BC risk, including modification by a of BC where scores are based on age and BC family history.

An INSULIN and IAPP dual reporter enables tracking of functional maturation of stem cell-derived insulin producing cells.

Objective: Human embryonic stem cell (hESC; SC)-derived pancreatic β cells can be used to study diabetes pathologies and develop cell replacement therapies. Although current differentiation protocols yield SCβ cells with varying degrees of maturation, these cells still differ from deceased donor human β cells in several respects. We sought to develop a reporter cell line that could be used to dynamically track SCβ cell functional maturation.

Treatment differences and long-term outcomes in adults and children with Ewing sarcoma.

Introduction: Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive malignancy primarily affecting children and adolescents. Limited research is available on treatment practices, clinical course, and survival in adults.

Methods: A multi-institution retrospective cohort study of all adults (>18 years) and children (≤18 years) with Ewing sarcoma treated in British Columbia, Canada between January 01, 2000 and December 31, 2018.

The spectrum of acute illness and mortality of children and adolescents presenting to emergency services in Sanghar district hospital, Pakistan: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To describe presenting diagnoses and rates and causes of death by age category and sex among children with acute illness brought to a district headquarter hospital in Pakistan.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Sanghar district headquarter hospital, Sindh, Pakistan between December 2019 and April 2020 and August 2020 and December 2020.

Loss of symmetric cell division of apical neural progenitors drives DENND5A-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) feature altered brain development, developmental delay and seizures, with seizures exacerbating developmental delay. Here we identify a cohort with biallelic variants in DENND5A, encoding a membrane trafficking protein, and develop animal models with phenotypes like the human syndrome. We demonstrate that DENND5A interacts with Pals1/MUPP1, components of the Crumbs apical polarity complex required for symmetrical division of neural progenitor cells.

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and Laterality: The Importance of Graded Severity of the Contralateral Hip.

Background: Laterality and bilaterality have been reported as prognostic variables in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) outcomes. However, there is little clarity across the literature on the reporting of laterality in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) due to the variability in severity of the condition. It is widely accepted that the left hip is most frequently affected; however, the true incidence of unilateral left, unilateral right and bilateral cases can be hard to quantify and compare across studies.

Building Clinical Care Capacity for Patients With Special Pathogens in Advance of the Next Outbreak.

In response to the growing number of outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, the US Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) has embarked on a plan to improve and expand special pathogen patient care capabilities. To achieve this, ASPR is developing a coordinated network of Regional Emerging Special Pathogen Treatment Centers (RESPTCs) to serve as state-of-the-art facilities staffed by a highly trained workforce to care for and manage special pathogen patients across the lifespan. The RESPTC network represents the operational arm of a broader US National Special Pathogen System of care to prevent and prepare for the next infectious disease outbreak.

Flow cytometry assay modifications: Recommendations for method validation based on CLSI H62 guidelines.

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) H62-Validation of Assays Performed by Flow Cytometry guideline, released in 2021, provides recommendations for platform workflow and quality system essentials, instrument setup and standardization, assay development and optimization and fit-for-purpose analytical method validation. In addition, CLSI H62 includes some recommendations for the validation strategies after a validated flow cytometric method has been modified. This manuscript builds on those recommendations and discusses the impact of different types of assay modifications on assay performance.

Lysine from Whole Wheat Bread Consumed by Healthy Adult Males Has High Metabolic Availability When Assessed Using the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method.

Background: The protein quality of wheat is limited by its low content of the indispensable amino acid (AA) lysine and the metabolic availability (MA) of lysine in wheat bread for humans is unknown.

Objectives: The study objective was to determine the MA of lysine in whole wheat bread.

Methods: Five healthy young males (≤30 y, body mass index <25) were studied in a repeated-measures design using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method, with L-[1-C] phenylalanine as the indicator.

Effectiveness of a pediatric critical care pilot preceptor program: Improved confidence and competency outcomes among a cohort of professional nurses in Blantyre, Malawi.

Background: Availability of high-level pediatric training for nurses in Malawi is limited. To address this gap, a novel pediatric critical care nurse preceptor program was developed and implemented by pediatric nurse specialists.

Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of a pediatric critical care nurse preceptor program, via change in nurses' knowledge, skills, confidence, and precepting competence.

Examining change in the mental health of young people with epilepsy following a successful psychological intervention.

Objective: Evaluate the cognitive, behavioural and affective processes involved in therapeutic change for young people with epilepsy and mental health difficulties receiving an integrated mental health intervention.

Methods: As part of a mixed methods convergent design, qualitative data were gathered in parallel to quantitative data at two timepoints in a randomised controlled trial testing the Mental Health Intervention for Children with Epilepsy in addition to usual care. Twenty-five young people and/or their families were interviewed before and after the intervention about the young person's mental and physical health, and their experience of therapy.

Penicillin allergy de-labeling: Adaptation of risk stratification tool for patients and families.

Penicillin allergy is reported in 10% of the population; however, over 90% of patients are deemed non-allergic upon allergist assessment. The goal of this quality improvement project is to validate a patient-driven assessment tool to safely identify patients at low risk of penicillin allergy and de-label them. Pediatric patients and pregnant women referred to the institution's allergy clinics for penicillin allergy assessment were invited to use the patient tool to complete a self-assessment, resulting in the assignment of a risk category.

Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy for Calmodulinopathy.

Background: Calmodulinopathies are rare inherited arrhythmia syndromes caused by dominant heterozygous variants in , , or , which each encode the identical CaM (calmodulin) protein. We hypothesized that antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated depletion of an affected calmodulin gene would ameliorate disease manifestations, whereas the other 2 calmodulin genes would preserve CaM level and function.

Methods: We tested this hypothesis using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte and mouse models of pathogenic variants.

Facilitating Access to Care for Children With Complex Health Needs Through Low-Barrier Place-Based Intake Processes: Lessons From the RICHER Social Pediatric Model.

Introduction/objectives: Exposure to adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) in childhood is associated with poorer long-term health outcomes. Within structurally marginalized populations, there are disproportionately high rates of developmentally vulnerable children. The RICHER (Responsive, Intersectoral, Child and Community Health, Education and Research) social pediatric model was designed to increase access to care in marginalized neighborhoods.

Adverse event assessment in a parenting programme: experiences from a multisite randomised controlled trial.

Background: Clinicians and researchers should consider the expected benefits and potential harms of an intervention. Parenting programmes are a widely used evidence-based intervention for child behaviour problems. However, few data are available on potential negative effects.

Disturbed glucose homeostasis and its increased allostatic load in response to individual, joint and fluctuating air pollutants exposure: Evidence from a longitudinal study in prediabetes.

We investigated the effect of individual, joint and fluctuating exposure to air pollution (PM, BC, NO, NH, OM, SO, PM, NO, SO, O) on glucose metabolisms among prediabetes, and simultaneously explored the modifying effect of lifestyle. We conducted a longitudinal study among prediabetes during 2018-2022. Exposure windows within 60-days moving averages and their variabilities were calculated.