NeoSSNet: Real-Time Neonatal Chest Sound Separation Using Deep Learning.

Auscultation for neonates is a simple and non-invasive method of diagnosing cardiovascular and respiratory disease. However, obtaining high-quality chest sounds containing only heart or lung sounds is non-trivial. Hence, this study introduces a new deep-learning model named NeoSSNet and evaluates its performance in neonatal chest sound separation with previous methods.

Diagnosis of Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Children: Time for a Rethink?

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is undertaken in children with the aim of curing a range of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Unfortunately, pulmonary complications, especially bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), are significant sources of morbidity and mortality post-HSCT. Currently, criteria developed by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) working group are used to diagnose BOS in children post-HSCT.

GAPS phase II: development and pilot results of the global assessment in pediatric surgery, an evidence-based pediatric surgical capacity assessment tool for low-resource settings.

Purpose: Pediatric surgical care in low- and middle-income countries is often hindered by systemic gaps in healthcare resources, infrastructure, training, and organization. This study aims to develop and validate the Global Assessment of Pediatric Surgery (GAPS) to appraise pediatric surgical capacity and discriminate between levels of care across diverse healthcare settings.

Methods: The GAPS Version 1 was constructed through a synthesis of existing assessment tools and expert panel consultation.

Clinical care for severe and persistent eating disorders in pediatric populations: Perspectives of health professionals.

Objective: Models of treatment for adults with severe and enduring eating disorders focus on harm reduction and improving quality of life. However, there is a notable gap in the pediatric literature in this area. The current study set out to assess the perspectives of health professionals regarding clinical care for young people (e.

Rapid induction of transdermal buprenorphine to subcutaneous extended-release buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder.

Background: Buprenorphine is an effective and safe treatment for opioid use disorder, but the requirement for moderate opioid withdrawal symptoms to emerge prior to initiation is a significant treatment barrier.

Case Presentation: We report on two cases of hospitalized patients with severe, active opioid use disorder, in which we initiated treatment with transdermal buprenorphine over 48 h, followed by the administration of a single dose of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone and then extended-release subcutaneous buprenorphine. The patients did not experience precipitated withdrawal and only had mild withdrawal symptoms.

Oral food immunotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the main risk factors for infants in the development of food allergy. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) in early childhood has been found to be highly effective and safe in preschoolers with and without AD, especially in young infants. Delays in initiation of OIT in infants and children due to uncontrolled AD risk expansion of the number of foods children develop allergy to through unnecessary avoidance of multiple foods.

Early-life infection depletes preleukemic cells in a mouse model of hyperdiploid B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Epidemiological studies report opposing influences of infection on childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Although infections in the first year of life appear to exert the largest impact on leukemia risk, the effect of early pathogen exposure on the fetal preleukemia cells (PLC) that lead to B-ALL has yet to be reported. Using cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as a model early-life infection, we show that virus exposure within 1 week of birth induces profound depletion of transplanted E2A-PBX1 and hyperdiploid B-ALL cells in wild-type recipients and in situ-generated PLC in Eμ-ret mice.

Association of Psychological Resilience, Cognitive Reserve, and Brain Reserve with Post-Concussive Symptoms in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Orthopedic Injury: An A-CAP Study.

Protective factors, including psychological resilience, cognitive reserve, and brain reserve, may be positively associated with recovery after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) but are yet to be studied concurrently. We sought to examine these factors as moderators of post-concussive symptoms (PCS) in pediatric mTBI compared with mild orthopedic injury (OI). Participants included 967 children (633 mTBI, 334 OI) aged 8-16.

Hospital at Home programs: Decentralized inpatient care but centralized laboratory testing?

The Hospital at Home (HaH) program has experienced accelerated growth in major Canadian provinces, driven in part by technological advancements and evolving patient needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. As an increasing number of hospitals pilot or implement these innovative programs, substantial resources have been allocated to support clinical teams. However, it is crucial to note that the vital roles played by clinical laboratories remain insufficiently acknowledged.

Structure-based learning to predict and model protein-DNA interactions and transcription-factor co-operativity in -regulatory elements.

Transcription factor (TF) binding is a key component of genomic regulation. There are numerous high-throughput experimental methods to characterize TF-DNA binding specificities. Their application, however, is both laborious and expensive, which makes profiling all TFs challenging.

Core sepsis-related competencies for medical students: an international consensus by Delphi technique.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition which may arise from infection in any organ system and requires early recognition and management. Healthcare professionals working in any specialty may need to manage patients with sepsis. Educating medical students about this condition may be an effective way to ensure all future doctors have sufficient ability to diagnose and treat septic patients.

Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Pediatric CKD (PRO-Kid).

Key Points: PRO-Kid is a patient-reported outcome measure of the frequency and burden of symptoms. Higher PRO-Kid scores are associated with lower Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory scores.

Background: Measuring the burden of symptoms that matter most to children and adolescents with CKD is essential for optimizing patient-centered care.

Aortic Valve Thrombus, Stroke, and Endovascular Thrombectomy in a Child With APML and Trisomy 21.

APML, a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, is highly curable, with cure rates over 90%. Despite its therapeutic success, APML poses elevated bleeding risks due to frequent prior disseminated intravascular coagulation. Less commonly recognized but critical is the thrombotic risk.

Changes in cortical grey matter volume with Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance intervention in children with developmental coordination disorder.

Introduction: Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a cognitive-based, task-specific intervention recommended for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). We recently showed structural and functional brain changes after CO-OP, including increased cerebellar grey matter. This study aimed to determine whether CO-OP intervention induced changes in cortical grey matter volume in children with DCD, and if these changes were associated with improvements in motor performance and movement quality.

Consistent cord blood DNA methylation signatures of gestational age between South Asian and white European cohorts.

Background: Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm) in cord blood, are an important biological marker of how external exposures during gestation can influence the in-utero environment and subsequent offspring development. Despite the recognized importance of DNAm during gestation, comparative studies to determine the consistency of these epigenetic signals across different ethnic groups are largely absent. To address this gap, we first performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of gestational age (GA) using newborn cord blood DNAm comparatively in a white European (n = 342) and a South Asian (n = 490) birth cohort living in Canada.

Metabolic availability of amino acids in humans.

Knowledge of amino acid bioavailability and the effect of combining complementary protein sources are required to determine how to best meet an individual's protein and indispensable amino acid needs. Traditionally, protein quality of foods has been assessed using digestibility data. Digestibility may overestimate bioavailability of some amino acids particularly those more susceptible to heat and processing.

International consensus on sleep problems in pediatric palliative care: Paving the way.

Objective: Sleep problems constitute a common and heterogeneous complaint in pediatric palliative care (PPC), where they often contribute to disease morbidity and cause additional distress to children and adolescents and their families already facing the burden of life-threatening and life-limiting conditions. Despite the significant impact of sleep problems, clinical evidence is lacking. The application of general pediatric sleep recommendations appears insufficient to address the unique challenges of the PPC dimension in terms of disease variability, duration, comorbidities, complexity of needs, and particular features of sleep problems related to hospice care.

Characterizing the effects of Dechlorane Plus on β-cells: a comparative study across models and species.

Epidemiological studies consistently link environmental toxicant exposure with increased Type 2 diabetes risk. Our study investigated the diabetogenic effects of a widely used flame retardant, Dechlorane Plus (DP), on pancreatic β-cells using rodent and human model systems. We first examined pancreas tissues from male mice exposed daily to oral gavage of either vehicle (corn oil) or DP (10, 100, or 1000 μg/kg per day) and fed chow or high fat diet for 28-days .

Sleep After Concussion: A Scoping Review of Sensor Technologies.

Sleep disturbances following a concussion/mild traumatic brain injury are associated with longer recovery times and more comorbidities. Sensor technologies can directly monitor sleep-related physiology and provide objective sleep metrics. This scoping review determines how sensor technologies are currently used to monitor sleep following a concussion.